// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.18 ^0.8.0 ^0.8.1;

// lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
}

// lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.4) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 *
 * ==== Security Considerations
 *
 * There are two important considerations concerning the use of `permit`. The first is that a valid permit signature
 * expresses an allowance, and it should not be assumed to convey additional meaning. In particular, it should not be
 * considered as an intention to spend the allowance in any specific way. The second is that because permits have
 * built-in replay protection and can be submitted by anyone, they can be frontrun. A protocol that uses permits should
 * take this into consideration and allow a `permit` call to fail. Combining these two aspects, a pattern that may be
 * generally recommended is:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function doThingWithPermit(..., uint256 value, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public {
 *     try token.permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s) {} catch {}
 *     doThing(..., value);
 * }
 *
 * function doThing(..., uint256 value) public {
 *     token.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), value);
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Observe that: 1) `msg.sender` is used as the owner, leaving no ambiguity as to the signer intent, and 2) the use of
 * `try/catch` allows the permit to fail and makes the code tolerant to frontrunning. (See also
 * {SafeERC20-safeTransferFrom}).
 *
 * Additionally, note that smart contract wallets (such as Argent or Safe) are not able to produce permit signatures, so
 * contracts should have entry points that don't rely on permit.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     *
     * CAUTION: See Security Considerations above.
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/Address.sol

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/Context.sol

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.4) (utils/Context.sol)

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1, "Math: mulDiv overflow");

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}

// src/interfaces/IBaseStrategy.sol

interface IBaseStrategy {
    function tokenizedStrategyAddress() external view returns (address);

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            IMMUTABLE FUNCTIONS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function availableDepositLimit(
        address _owner
    ) external view returns (uint256);

    function availableWithdrawLimit(
        address _owner
    ) external view returns (uint256);

    function deployFunds(uint256 _assets) external;

    function freeFunds(uint256 _amount) external;

    function harvestAndReport() external returns (uint256);

    function tendThis(uint256 _totalIdle) external;

    function shutdownWithdraw(uint256 _amount) external;

    function tendTrigger() external view returns (bool, bytes memory);
}

// src/interfaces/IFactory.sol

interface IFactory {
    function protocol_fee_config() external view returns (uint16, address);
}

// lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol

// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: the sum of all balances is capped by totalSupply, and the sum is preserved by
            // decrementing then incrementing.
            _balances[to] += amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        unchecked {
            // Overflow not possible: balance + amount is at most totalSupply + amount, which is checked above.
            _balances[account] += amount;
        }
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: amount <= accountBalance <= totalSupply.
            _totalSupply -= amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}
}

// lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.3) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
     * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance + value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance - value));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
     * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
     */
    function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value);

        if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, 0));
            _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Use a ERC-2612 signature to set the `owner` approval toward `spender` on `token`.
     * Revert on invalid signature.
     */
    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        require(returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
        // and not revert is the subcall reverts.

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
        return
            success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && Address.isContract(address(token));
    }
}

// src/TokenizedStrategy.sol

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/**
 * @title Yearn Tokenized Strategy
 * @author yearn.finance
 * @notice
 *  This TokenizedStrategy can be used by anyone wishing to easily build
 *  and deploy their own custom ERC4626 compliant single strategy Vault.
 *
 *  The TokenizedStrategy contract is meant to be used as the proxy
 *  implementation contract that will handle all logic, storage and
 *  management for a custom strategy that inherits the `BaseStrategy`.
 *  Any function calls to the strategy that are not defined within that
 *  strategy will be forwarded through a delegateCall to this contract.

 *  A strategist only needs to override a few simple functions that are
 *  focused entirely on the strategy specific needs to easily and cheaply
 *  deploy their own permissionless 4626 compliant vault.
 */
contract TokenizedStrategy {
    using Math for uint256;
    using SafeERC20 for ERC20;

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                 EVENTS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a strategy is shutdown.
     */
    event StrategyShutdown();

    /**
     * @notice Emitted on the initialization of any new `strategy` that uses `asset`
     * with this specific `apiVersion`.
     */
    event NewTokenizedStrategy(
        address indexed strategy,
        address indexed asset,
        string apiVersion
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the strategy reports `profit` or `loss` and
     * `performanceFees` and `protocolFees` are paid out.
     */
    event Reported(
        uint256 profit,
        uint256 loss,
        uint256 protocolFees,
        uint256 performanceFees
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the 'performanceFeeRecipient' address is
     * updated to 'newPerformanceFeeRecipient'.
     */
    event UpdatePerformanceFeeRecipient(
        address indexed newPerformanceFeeRecipient
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the 'keeper' address is updated to 'newKeeper'.
     */
    event UpdateKeeper(address indexed newKeeper);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the 'performanceFee' is updated to 'newPerformanceFee'.
     */
    event UpdatePerformanceFee(uint16 newPerformanceFee);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the 'management' address is updated to 'newManagement'.
     */
    event UpdateManagement(address indexed newManagement);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the 'emergencyAdmin' address is updated to 'newEmergencyAdmin'.
     */
    event UpdateEmergencyAdmin(address indexed newEmergencyAdmin);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the 'profitMaxUnlockTime' is updated to 'newProfitMaxUnlockTime'.
     */
    event UpdateProfitMaxUnlockTime(uint256 newProfitMaxUnlockTime);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the 'pendingManagement' address is updated to 'newPendingManagement'.
     */
    event UpdatePendingManagement(address indexed newPendingManagement);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(
        address indexed owner,
        address indexed spender,
        uint256 value
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the `caller` has exchanged `assets` for `shares`,
     * and transferred those `shares` to `owner`.
     */
    event Deposit(
        address indexed caller,
        address indexed owner,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the `caller` has exchanged `owner`s `shares` for `assets`,
     * and transferred those `assets` to `receiver`.
     */
    event Withdraw(
        address indexed caller,
        address indexed receiver,
        address indexed owner,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares
    );

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        STORAGE STRUCT
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @dev The struct that will hold all the storage data for each strategy
     * that uses this implementation.
     *
     * This replaces all state variables for a traditional contract. This
     * full struct will be initialized on the creation of the strategy
     * and continually updated and read from for the life of the contract.
     *
     * We combine all the variables into one struct to limit the amount of
     * times the custom storage slots need to be loaded during complex functions.
     *
     * Loading the corresponding storage slot for the struct does not
     * load any of the contents of the struct into memory. So the size
     * will not increase memory related gas usage.
     */
    // prettier-ignore
    struct StrategyData {
        // The ERC20 compliant underlying asset that will be
        // used by the Strategy
        ERC20 asset;

        // These are the corresponding ERC20 variables needed for the
        // strategies token that is issued and burned on each deposit or withdraw.
        uint8 decimals; // The amount of decimals that `asset` and strategy use.
        string name; // The name of the token for the strategy.
        uint256 totalSupply; // The total amount of shares currently issued.
        mapping(address => uint256) nonces; // Mapping of nonces used for permit functions.
        mapping(address => uint256) balances; // Mapping to track current balances for each account that holds shares.
        mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) allowances; // Mapping to track the allowances for the strategies shares.

        // We manually track `totalAssets` to prevent PPS manipulation through airdrops.
        uint256 totalAssets;

        // Variables for profit reporting and locking.
        // We use uint96 for timestamps to fit in the same slot as an address. That overflows in 2.5e+21 years.
        // I know Yearn moves slowly but surely V4 will be out by then.
        // If the timestamps ever overflow tell the cyborgs still using this code I'm sorry for being cheap.
        uint256 profitUnlockingRate; // The rate at which locked profit is unlocking.
        uint96 fullProfitUnlockDate; // The timestamp at which all locked shares will unlock.
        address keeper; // Address given permission to call {report} and {tend}.
        uint32 profitMaxUnlockTime; // The amount of seconds that the reported profit unlocks over.
        uint16 performanceFee; // The percent in basis points of profit that is charged as a fee.
        address performanceFeeRecipient; // The address to pay the `performanceFee` to.
        uint96 lastReport; // The last time a {report} was called.

        // Access management variables.
        address management; // Main address that can set all configurable variables.
        address pendingManagement; // Address that is pending to take over `management`.
        address emergencyAdmin; // Address to act in emergencies as well as `management`.

        // Strategy Status
        uint8 entered; // To prevent reentrancy. Use uint8 for gas savings.
        bool shutdown; // Bool that can be used to stop deposits into the strategy.
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            MODIFIERS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @dev Require that the call is coming from the strategies management.
     */
    modifier onlyManagement() {
        requireManagement(msg.sender);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Require that the call is coming from either the strategies
     * management or the keeper.
     */
    modifier onlyKeepers() {
        requireKeeperOrManagement(msg.sender);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Require that the call is coming from either the strategies
     * management or the emergencyAdmin.
     */
    modifier onlyEmergencyAuthorized() {
        requireEmergencyAuthorized(msg.sender);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Placed over all state changing functions for increased safety.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        StrategyData storage S = _strategyStorage();
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, `entered` will be false (2)
        require(S.entered != ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        S.entered = ENTERED;

        _;

        // Reset to false (1) once call has finished.
        S.entered = NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Require a caller is `management`.
     * @dev Is left public so that it can be used by the Strategy.
     *
     * When the Strategy calls this the msg.sender would be the
     * address of the strategy so we need to specify the sender.
     *
     * @param _sender The original msg.sender.
     */
    function requireManagement(address _sender) public view {
        require(_sender == _strategyStorage().management, "!management");
    }

    /**
     * @notice Require a caller is the `keeper` or `management`.
     * @dev Is left public so that it can be used by the Strategy.
     *
     * When the Strategy calls this the msg.sender would be the
     * address of the strategy so we need to specify the sender.
     *
     * @param _sender The original msg.sender.
     */
    function requireKeeperOrManagement(address _sender) public view {
        StrategyData storage S = _strategyStorage();
        require(_sender == S.keeper || _sender == S.management, "!keeper");
    }

    /**
     * @notice Require a caller is the `management` or `emergencyAdmin`.
     * @dev Is left public so that it can be used by the Strategy.
     *
     * When the Strategy calls this the msg.sender would be the
     * address of the strategy so we need to specify the sender.
     *
     * @param _sender The original msg.sender.
     */
    function requireEmergencyAuthorized(address _sender) public view {
        StrategyData storage S = _strategyStorage();
        require(
            _sender == S.emergencyAdmin || _sender == S.management,
            "!emergency authorized"
        );
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                               CONSTANTS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /// @notice API version this TokenizedStrategy implements.
    string internal constant API_VERSION = "3.0.4";

    /// @notice Value to set the `entered` flag to during a call.
    uint8 internal constant ENTERED = 2;
    /// @notice Value to set the `entered` flag to at the end of the call.
    uint8 internal constant NOT_ENTERED = 1;

    /// @notice Maximum in Basis Points the Performance Fee can be set to.
    uint16 public constant MAX_FEE = 5_000; // 50%

    /// @notice Used for fee calculations.
    uint256 internal constant MAX_BPS = 10_000;
    /// @notice Used for profit unlocking rate calculations.
    uint256 internal constant MAX_BPS_EXTENDED = 1_000_000_000_000;

    /// @notice Seconds per year for max profit unlocking time.
    uint256 internal constant SECONDS_PER_YEAR = 31_556_952; // 365.2425 days

    /**
     * @dev Custom storage slot that will be used to store the
     * `StrategyData` struct that holds each strategies
     * specific storage variables.
     *
     * Any storage updates done by the TokenizedStrategy actually update
     * the storage of the calling contract. This variable points
     * to the specific location that will be used to store the
     * struct that holds all that data.
     *
     * We use a custom string in order to get a random
     * storage slot that will allow for strategists to use any
     * amount of storage in their strategy without worrying
     * about collisions.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant BASE_STRATEGY_STORAGE =
        bytes32(uint256(keccak256("yearn.base.strategy.storage")) - 1);

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                               IMMUTABLE
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /// @notice Address of the previously deployed Vault factory that the
    // protocol fee config is retrieved from.
    address public immutable FACTORY;

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            STORAGE GETTER
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @dev will return the actual storage slot where the strategy
     * specific `StrategyData` struct is stored for both read
     * and write operations.
     *
     * This loads just the slot location, not the full struct
     * so it can be used in a gas efficient manner.
     */
    function _strategyStorage() internal pure returns (StrategyData storage S) {
        // Since STORAGE_SLOT is a constant, we have to put a variable
        // on the stack to access it from an inline assembly block.
        bytes32 slot = BASE_STRATEGY_STORAGE;
        assembly {
            S.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                          INITIALIZATION
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @notice Used to initialize storage for a newly deployed strategy.
     * @dev This should be called atomically whenever a new strategy is
     * deployed and can only be called once for each strategy.
     *
     * This will set all the default storage that must be set for a
     * strategy to function. Any changes can be made post deployment
     * through external calls from `management`.
     *
     * The function will also emit an event that off chain indexers can
     * look for to track any new deployments using this TokenizedStrategy.
     *
     * @param _asset Address of the underlying asset.
     * @param _name Name the strategy will use.
     * @param _management Address to set as the strategies `management`.
     * @param _performanceFeeRecipient Address to receive performance fees.
     * @param _keeper Address to set as strategies `keeper`.
     */
    function initialize(
        address _asset,
        string memory _name,
        address _management,
        address _performanceFeeRecipient,
        address _keeper
    ) external {
        // Cache storage pointer.
        StrategyData storage S = _strategyStorage();

        // Make sure we aren't initialized.
        require(address(S.asset) == address(0), "initialized");

        // Set the strategy's underlying asset.
        S.asset = ERC20(_asset);
        // Set the Strategy Tokens name.
        S.name = _name;
        // Set decimals based off the `asset`.
        S.decimals = ERC20(_asset).decimals();

        // Default to a 10 day profit unlock period.
        S.profitMaxUnlockTime = 10 days;
        // Set address to receive performance fees.
        // Can't be address(0) or we will be burning fees.
        require(_performanceFeeRecipient != address(0), "ZERO ADDRESS");
        // Can't mint shares to its self because of profit locking.
        require(_performanceFeeRecipient != address(this), "self");
        S.performanceFeeRecipient = _performanceFeeRecipient;
        // Default to a 10% performance fee.
        S.performanceFee = 1_000;
        // Set last report to this block.
        S.lastReport = uint96(block.timestamp);

        // Set the default management address. Can't be 0.
        require(_management != address(0), "ZERO ADDRESS");
        S.management = _management;
        // Set the keeper address
        S.keeper = _keeper;

        // Emit event to signal a new strategy has been initialized.
        emit NewTokenizedStrategy(address(this), _asset, API_VERSION);
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                      ERC4626 WRITE METHODS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @notice Mints `shares` of strategy shares to `receiver` by
     * depositing exactly `assets` of underlying tokens.
     * @param assets The amount of underlying to deposit in.
     * @param receiver The address to receive the `shares`.
     * @return shares The actual amount of shares issued.
     */
    function deposit(
        uint256 assets,
        address receiver
    ) external nonReentrant returns (uint256 shares) {
        // Get the storage slot for all following calls.
        StrategyData storage S = _strategyStorage();

        // Deposit full balance if using max uint.
        if (assets == type(uint256).max) {
            assets = S.asset.balanceOf(msg.sender);
        }

        // Checking max deposit will also check if shutdown.
        require(
            assets <= _maxDeposit(S, receiver),
            "ERC4626: deposit more than max"
        );
        // Check for rounding error.
        require(
            (shares = _convertToShares(S, assets, Math.Rounding.Down)) != 0,
            "ZERO_SHARES"
        );

        _deposit(S, receiver, assets, shares);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Mints exactly `shares` of strategy shares to
     * `receiver` by depositing `assets` of underlying tokens.
     * @param shares The amount of strategy shares mint.
     * @param receiver The address to receive the `shares`.
     * @return assets The actual amount of asset deposited.
     */
    function mint(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver
    ) external nonReentrant returns (uint256 assets) {
        // Get the storage slot for all following calls.
        StrategyData storage S = _strategyStorage();

        // Checking max mint will also check if shutdown.
        require(shares <= _maxMint(S, receiver), "ERC4626: mint more than max");
        // Check for rounding error.
        require(
            (assets = _convertToAssets(S, shares, Math.Rounding.Up)) != 0,
            "ZERO_ASSETS"
        );

        _deposit(S, receiver, assets, shares);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Withdraws exactly `assets` from `owners` shares and sends
     * the underlying tokens to `receiver`.
     * @dev This will default to not allowing any loss to be taken.
     * @param assets The amount of underlying to withdraw.
     * @param receiver The address to receive `assets`.
     * @param owner The address whose shares are burnt.
     * @return shares The actual amount of shares burnt.
     */
    function withdraw(
        uint256 assets,
        address receiver,
        address owner
    ) external returns (uint256 shares) {
        return withdraw(assets, receiver, owner, 0);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Withdraws `assets` from `owners` shares and sends
     * the underlying tokens to `receiver`.
     * @dev This includes an added parameter to allow for losses.
     * @param assets The amount of underlying to withdraw.
     * @param receiver The address to receive `assets`.
     * @param owner The address whose shares are burnt.
     * @param maxLoss The amount of acceptable loss in Basis points.
     * @return shares The actual amount of shares burnt.
     */
    function withdraw(
        uint256 assets,
        address receiver,
        address owner,
        uint256 maxLoss
    ) public nonReentrant returns (uint256 shares) {
        // Get the storage slot for all following calls.
        StrategyData storage S = _strategyStorage();
        require(
            assets <= _maxWithdraw(S, owner),
            "ERC4626: withdraw more than max"
        );
        // Check for rounding error or 0 value.
        require(
            (shares = _convertToShares(S, assets, Math.Rounding.Up)) != 0,
            "ZERO_SHARES"
        );

        // Withdraw and track the actual amount withdrawn for loss check.
        _withdraw(S, receiver, owner, assets, shares, maxLoss);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Redeems exactly `shares` from `owner` and
     * sends `assets` of underlying tokens to `receiver`.
     * @dev This will default to allowing any loss passed to be realized.
     * @param shares The amount of shares burnt.
     * @param receiver The address to receive `assets`.
     * @param owner The address whose shares are burnt.
     * @return assets The actual amount of underlying withdrawn.
     */
    function redeem(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver,
        address owner
    ) external returns (uint256) {
        // We default to not limiting a potential loss.
        return redeem(shares, receiver, owner, MAX_BPS);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Redeems exactly `shares` from `owner` and
     * sends `assets` of underlying tokens to `receiver`.
     * @dev This includes an added parameter to allow for losses.
     * @param shares The amount of shares burnt.
     * @param receiver The address to receive `assets`.
     * @param owner The address whose shares are burnt.
     * @param maxLoss The amount of acceptable loss in Basis points.
     * @return . The actual amount of underlying withdrawn.
     */
    function redeem(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver,
        address owner,
        uint256 maxLoss
    ) public nonReentrant returns (uint256) {
        // Get the storage slot for all following calls.
        StrategyData storage S = _strategyStorage();
        require(
            shares <= _maxRedeem(S, owner),
            "ERC4626: redeem more than max"
        );
        uint256 assets;
        // Check for rounding error or 0 value.
        require(
            (assets = _convertToAssets(S, shares, Math.Rounding.Down)) != 0,
            "ZERO_ASSETS"
        );

        // We need to return the actual amount withdrawn in case of a loss.
        return _withdraw(S, receiver, owner, assets, shares, maxLoss);
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                    EXTERNAL 4626 VIEW METHODS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @notice Get the total amount of assets this strategy holds
     * as of the last report.
     *
     * We manually track `totalAssets` to avoid any PPS manipulation.
     *
     * @return . Total assets the strategy holds.
     */
    function totalAssets() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _totalAssets(_strategyStorage());
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the current supply of the strategies shares.
     *
     * Locked shares issued to the strategy from profits are not
     * counted towards the full supply until they are unlocked.
     *
     * As more shares slowly unlock the totalSupply will decrease
     * causing the PPS of the strategy to increase.
     *
     * @return . Total amount of shares outstanding.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply(_strategyStorage());
    }

    /**
     * @notice The amount of shares that the strategy would
     *  exchange for the amount of assets provided, in an
     * ideal scenario where all the conditions are met.
     *
     * @param assets The amount of underlying.
     * @return . Expected shares that `assets` represents.
     */
    function convertToShares(uint256 assets) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToShares(_strategyStorage(), assets, Math.Rounding.Down);
    }

    /**
     * @notice The amount of assets that the strategy would
     * exchange for the amount of shares provided, in an
     * ideal scenario where all the conditions are met.
     *
     * @param shares The amount of the strategies shares.
     * @return . Expected amount of `asset` the shares represents.
     */
    function convertToAssets(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToAssets(_strategyStorage(), shares, Math.Rounding.Down);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate
     * the effects of their deposit at the current block, given
     * current on-chain conditions.
     * @dev This will round down.
     *
     * @param assets The amount of `asset` to deposits.
     * @return . Expected shares that would be issued.
     */
    function previewDeposit(uint256 assets) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToShares(_strategyStorage(), assets, Math.Rounding.Down);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate
     * the effects of their mint at the current block, given
     * current on-chain conditions.
     * @dev This is used instead of convertToAssets so that it can
     * round up for safer mints.
     *
     * @param shares The amount of shares to mint.
     * @return . The needed amount of `asset` for the mint.
     */
    function previewMint(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToAssets(_strategyStorage(), shares, Math.Rounding.Up);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate
     * the effects of their withdrawal at the current block,
     * given current on-chain conditions.
     * @dev This is used instead of convertToShares so that it can
     * round up for safer withdraws.
     *
     * @param assets The amount of `asset` that would be withdrawn.
     * @return . The amount of shares that would be burnt.
     */
    function previewWithdraw(uint256 assets) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToShares(_strategyStorage(), assets, Math.Rounding.Up);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate
     * the effects of their redemption at the current block,
     * given current on-chain conditions.
     * @dev This will round down.
     *
     * @param shares The amount of shares that would be redeemed.
     * @return . The amount of `asset` that would be returned.
     */
    function previewRedeem(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToAssets(_strategyStorage(), shares, Math.Rounding.Down);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Total number of underlying assets that can
     * be deposited into the strategy, where `receiver`
     * corresponds to the receiver of the shares of a {deposit} call.
     *
     * @param receiver The address receiving the shares.
     * @return . The max that `receiver` can deposit in `asset`.
     */
    function maxDeposit(address receiver) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _maxDeposit(_strategyStorage(), receiver);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Total number of shares that can be minted to `receiver`
     * of a {mint} call.
     *
     * @param receiver The address receiving the shares.
     * @return _maxMint The max that `receiver` can mint in shares.
     */
    function maxMint(address receiver) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _maxMint(_strategyStorage(), receiver);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Total number of underlying assets that can be
     * withdrawn from the strategy by `owner`, where `owner`
     * corresponds to the msg.sender of a {redeem} call.
     *
     * @param owner The owner of the shares.
     * @return _maxWithdraw Max amount of `asset` that can be withdrawn.
     */
    function maxWithdraw(address owner) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _maxWithdraw(_strategyStorage(), owner);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Variable `maxLoss` is ignored.
     * @dev Accepts a `maxLoss` variable in order to match the multi
     * strategy vaults ABI.
     */
    function maxWithdraw(
        address owner,
        uint256 /*maxLoss*/
    ) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _maxWithdraw(_strategyStorage(), owner);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Total number of strategy shares that can be
     * redeemed from the strategy by `owner`, where `owner`
     * corresponds to the msg.sender of a {redeem} call.
     *
     * @param owner The owner of the shares.
     * @return _maxRedeem Max amount of shares that can be redeemed.
     */
    function maxRedeem(address owner) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _maxRedeem(_strategyStorage(), owner);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Variable `maxLoss` is ignored.
     * @dev Accepts a `maxLoss` variable in order to match the multi
     * strategy vaults ABI.
     */
    function maxRedeem(
        address owner,
        uint256 /*maxLoss*/
    ) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _maxRedeem(_strategyStorage(), owner);
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                    INTERNAL 4626 VIEW METHODS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {totalAssets}.
    function _totalAssets(
        StrategyData storage S
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return S.totalAssets;
    }

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {totalSupply}.
    function _totalSupply(
        StrategyData storage S
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return S.totalSupply - _unlockedShares(S);
    }

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {convertToShares}.
    function _convertToShares(
        StrategyData storage S,
        uint256 assets,
        Math.Rounding _rounding
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        // Saves an extra SLOAD if values are non-zero.
        uint256 totalSupply_ = _totalSupply(S);
        // If supply is 0, PPS = 1.
        if (totalSupply_ == 0) return assets;

        uint256 totalAssets_ = _totalAssets(S);
        // If assets are 0 but supply is not PPS = 0.
        if (totalAssets_ == 0) return 0;

        return assets.mulDiv(totalSupply_, totalAssets_, _rounding);
    }

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {convertToAssets}.
    function _convertToAssets(
        StrategyData storage S,
        uint256 shares,
        Math.Rounding _rounding
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        // Saves an extra SLOAD if totalSupply() is non-zero.
        uint256 supply = _totalSupply(S);

        return
            supply == 0
                ? shares
                : shares.mulDiv(_totalAssets(S), supply, _rounding);
    }

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {maxDeposit}.
    function _maxDeposit(
        StrategyData storage S,
        address receiver
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        // Cannot deposit when shutdown or to the strategy.
        if (S.shutdown || receiver == address(this)) return 0;

        return IBaseStrategy(address(this)).availableDepositLimit(receiver);
    }

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {maxMint}.
    function _maxMint(
        StrategyData storage S,
        address receiver
    ) internal view returns (uint256 maxMint_) {
        // Cannot mint when shutdown or to the strategy.
        if (S.shutdown || receiver == address(this)) return 0;

        maxMint_ = IBaseStrategy(address(this)).availableDepositLimit(receiver);
        if (maxMint_ != type(uint256).max) {
            maxMint_ = _convertToShares(S, maxMint_, Math.Rounding.Down);
        }
    }

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {maxWithdraw}.
    function _maxWithdraw(
        StrategyData storage S,
        address owner
    ) internal view returns (uint256 maxWithdraw_) {
        // Get the max the owner could withdraw currently.
        maxWithdraw_ = IBaseStrategy(address(this)).availableWithdrawLimit(
            owner
        );

        // If there is no limit enforced.
        if (maxWithdraw_ == type(uint256).max) {
            // Saves a min check if there is no withdrawal limit.
            maxWithdraw_ = _convertToAssets(
                S,
                _balanceOf(S, owner),
                Math.Rounding.Down
            );
        } else {
            maxWithdraw_ = Math.min(
                _convertToAssets(S, _balanceOf(S, owner), Math.Rounding.Down),
                maxWithdraw_
            );
        }
    }

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {maxRedeem}.
    function _maxRedeem(
        StrategyData storage S,
        address owner
    ) internal view returns (uint256 maxRedeem_) {
        // Get the max the owner could withdraw currently.
        maxRedeem_ = IBaseStrategy(address(this)).availableWithdrawLimit(owner);

        // Conversion would overflow and saves a min check if there is no withdrawal limit.
        if (maxRedeem_ == type(uint256).max) {
            maxRedeem_ = _balanceOf(S, owner);
        } else {
            maxRedeem_ = Math.min(
                // Can't redeem more than the balance.
                _convertToShares(S, maxRedeem_, Math.Rounding.Down),
                _balanceOf(S, owner)
            );
        }
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                    INTERNAL 4626 WRITE METHODS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @dev Function to be called during {deposit} and {mint}.
     *
     * This function handles all logic including transfers,
     * minting and accounting.
     *
     * We do all external calls before updating any internal
     * values to prevent view reentrancy issues from the token
     * transfers or the _deployFunds() calls.
     */
    function _deposit(
        StrategyData storage S,
        address receiver,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares
    ) internal {
        // Cache storage variables used more than once.
        ERC20 _asset = S.asset;

        // Need to transfer before minting or ERC777s could reenter.
        _asset.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), assets);

        // We can deploy the full loose balance currently held.
        IBaseStrategy(address(this)).deployFunds(
            _asset.balanceOf(address(this))
        );

        // Adjust total Assets.
        S.totalAssets += assets;

        // mint shares
        _mint(S, receiver, shares);

        emit Deposit(msg.sender, receiver, assets, shares);
    }

    /**
     * @dev To be called during {redeem} and {withdraw}.
     *
     * This will handle all logic, transfers and accounting
     * in order to service the withdraw request.
     *
     * If we are not able to withdraw the full amount needed, it will
     * be counted as a loss and passed on to the user.
     */
    function _withdraw(
        StrategyData storage S,
        address receiver,
        address owner,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares,
        uint256 maxLoss
    ) internal returns (uint256) {
        require(receiver != address(0), "ZERO ADDRESS");
        require(maxLoss <= MAX_BPS, "exceeds MAX_BPS");

        // Spend allowance if applicable.
        if (msg.sender != owner) {
            _spendAllowance(S, owner, msg.sender, shares);
        }

        // Cache `asset` since it is used multiple times..
        ERC20 _asset = S.asset;

        uint256 idle = _asset.balanceOf(address(this));
        uint256 loss;
        // Check if we need to withdraw funds.
        if (idle < assets) {
            // Tell Strategy to free what we need.
            unchecked {
                IBaseStrategy(address(this)).freeFunds(assets - idle);
            }

            // Return the actual amount withdrawn. Adjust for potential under withdraws.
            idle = _asset.balanceOf(address(this));

            // If we didn't get enough out then we have a loss.
            if (idle < assets) {
                unchecked {
                    loss = assets - idle;
                }
                // If a non-default max loss parameter was set.
                if (maxLoss < MAX_BPS) {
                    // Make sure we are within the acceptable range.
                    require(
                        loss <= (assets * maxLoss) / MAX_BPS,
                        "too much loss"
                    );
                }
                // Lower the amount to be withdrawn.
                assets = idle;
            }
        }

        // Update assets based on how much we took.
        S.totalAssets -= (assets + loss);

        _burn(S, owner, shares);

        // Transfer the amount of underlying to the receiver.
        _asset.safeTransfer(receiver, assets);

        emit Withdraw(msg.sender, receiver, owner, assets, shares);

        // Return the actual amount of assets withdrawn.
        return assets;
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        PROFIT REPORTING
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @notice Function for keepers to call to harvest and record all
     * profits accrued.
     *
     * @dev This will account for any gains/losses since the last report
     * and charge fees accordingly.
     *
     * Any profit over the fees charged will be immediately locked
     * so there is no change in PricePerShare. Then slowly unlocked
     * over the `maxProfitUnlockTime` each second based on the
     * calculated `profitUnlockingRate`.
     *
     * In case of a loss it will first attempt to offset the loss
     * with any remaining locked shares from the last report in
     * order to reduce any negative impact to PPS.
     *
     * Will then recalculate the new time to unlock profits over and the
     * rate based on a weighted average of any remaining time from the
     * last report and the new amount of shares to be locked.
     *
     * @return profit The notional amount of gain if any since the last
     * report in terms of `asset`.
     * @return loss The notional amount of loss if any since the last
     * report in terms of `asset`.
     */
    function report()
        external
        nonReentrant
        onlyKeepers
        returns (uint256 profit, uint256 loss)
    {
        // Cache storage pointer since its used repeatedly.
        StrategyData storage S = _strategyStorage();

        // Tell the strategy to report the real total assets it has.
        // It should do all reward selling and redepositing now and
        // account for deployed and loose `asset` so we can accurately
        // account for all funds including those potentially airdropped
        // and then have any profits immediately locked.
        uint256 newTotalAssets = IBaseStrategy(address(this))
            .harvestAndReport();

        uint256 oldTotalAssets = _totalAssets(S);

        // Get the amount of shares we need to burn from previous reports.
        uint256 sharesToBurn = _unlockedShares(S);

        // Initialize variables needed throughout.
        uint256 totalFees;
        uint256 protocolFees;
        uint256 sharesToLock;
        uint256 _profitMaxUnlockTime = S.profitMaxUnlockTime;
        // Calculate profit/loss.
        if (newTotalAssets > oldTotalAssets) {
            // We have a profit.
            unchecked {
                profit = newTotalAssets - oldTotalAssets;
            }

            // We need to get the equivalent amount of shares
            // at the current PPS before any minting or burning.
            sharesToLock = _convertToShares(S, profit, Math.Rounding.Down);

            // Cache the performance fee.
            uint16 fee = S.performanceFee;
            uint256 totalFeeShares;
            // If we are charging a performance fee
            if (fee != 0) {
                // Asses performance fees.
                unchecked {
                    // Get in `asset` for the event.
                    totalFees = (profit * fee) / MAX_BPS;
                    // And in shares for the payment.
                    totalFeeShares = (sharesToLock * fee) / MAX_BPS;
                }

                // Get the protocol fee config from the factory.
                (
                    uint16 protocolFeeBps,
                    address protocolFeesRecipient
                ) = IFactory(FACTORY).protocol_fee_config();

                uint256 protocolFeeShares;
                // Check if there is a protocol fee to charge.
                if (protocolFeeBps != 0) {
                    unchecked {
                        // Calculate protocol fees based on the performance Fees.
                        protocolFeeShares =
                            (totalFeeShares * protocolFeeBps) /
                            MAX_BPS;
                        // Need amount in underlying for event.
                        protocolFees = (totalFees * protocolFeeBps) / MAX_BPS;
                    }

                    // Mint the protocol fees to the recipient.
                    _mint(S, protocolFeesRecipient, protocolFeeShares);
                }

                // Mint the difference to the strategy fee recipient.
                unchecked {
                    _mint(
                        S,
                        S.performanceFeeRecipient,
                        totalFeeShares - protocolFeeShares
                    );
                }
            }

            // Check if we are locking profit.
            if (_profitMaxUnlockTime != 0) {
                // lock (profit - fees)
                unchecked {
                    sharesToLock -= totalFeeShares;
                }

                // If we are burning more than re-locking.
                if (sharesToBurn > sharesToLock) {
                    // Burn the difference
                    unchecked {
                        _burn(S, address(this), sharesToBurn - sharesToLock);
                    }
                } else if (sharesToLock > sharesToBurn) {
                    // Mint the shares to lock the strategy.
                    unchecked {
                        _mint(S, address(this), sharesToLock - sharesToBurn);
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            // Expect we have a loss.
            unchecked {
                loss = oldTotalAssets - newTotalAssets;
            }

            // Check in case `else` was due to being equal.
            if (loss != 0) {
                // We will try and burn the unlocked shares and as much from any
                // pending profit still unlocking to offset the loss to prevent any PPS decline post report.
                sharesToBurn = Math.min(
                    // Cannot burn more than we have.
                    S.balances[address(this)],
                    // Try and burn both the shares already unlocked and the amount for the loss.
                    _convertToShares(S, loss, Math.Rounding.Down) + sharesToBurn
                );
            }

            // Check if there is anything to burn.
            if (sharesToBurn != 0) {
                _burn(S, address(this), sharesToBurn);
            }
        }

        // Update unlocking rate and time to fully unlocked.
        uint256 totalLockedShares = S.balances[address(this)];
        if (totalLockedShares != 0) {
            uint256 previouslyLockedTime;
            uint96 _fullProfitUnlockDate = S.fullProfitUnlockDate;
            // Check if we need to account for shares still unlocking.
            if (_fullProfitUnlockDate > block.timestamp) {
                unchecked {
                    // There will only be previously locked shares if time remains.
                    // We calculate this here since it should be rare.
                    previouslyLockedTime =
                        (_fullProfitUnlockDate - block.timestamp) *
                        (totalLockedShares - sharesToLock);
                }
            }

            // newProfitLockingPeriod is a weighted average between the remaining
            // time of the previously locked shares and the profitMaxUnlockTime.
            uint256 newProfitLockingPeriod = (previouslyLockedTime +
                sharesToLock *
                _profitMaxUnlockTime) / totalLockedShares;

            // Calculate how many shares unlock per second.
            S.profitUnlockingRate =
                (totalLockedShares * MAX_BPS_EXTENDED) /
                newProfitLockingPeriod;

            // Calculate how long until the full amount of shares is unlocked.
            S.fullProfitUnlockDate = uint96(
                block.timestamp + newProfitLockingPeriod
            );
        } else {
            // Only setting this to 0 will turn in the desired effect,
            // no need to update profitUnlockingRate.
            S.fullProfitUnlockDate = 0;
        }

        // Update the new total assets value.
        S.totalAssets = newTotalAssets;
        S.lastReport = uint96(block.timestamp);

        // Emit event with info
        emit Reported(
            profit,
            loss,
            protocolFees, // Protocol fees
            totalFees - protocolFees // Performance Fees
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get how many shares have been unlocked since last report.
     * @return . The amount of shares that have unlocked.
     */
    function unlockedShares() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _unlockedShares(_strategyStorage());
    }

    /**
     * @dev To determine how many of the shares that were locked during the last
     * report have since unlocked.
     *
     * If the `fullProfitUnlockDate` has passed the full strategy's balance will
     * count as unlocked.
     *
     * @return unlocked The amount of shares that have unlocked.
     */
    function _unlockedShares(
        StrategyData storage S
    ) internal view returns (uint256 unlocked) {
        uint96 _fullProfitUnlockDate = S.fullProfitUnlockDate;
        if (_fullProfitUnlockDate > block.timestamp) {
            unchecked {
                unlocked =
                    (S.profitUnlockingRate * (block.timestamp - S.lastReport)) /
                    MAX_BPS_EXTENDED;
            }
        } else if (_fullProfitUnlockDate != 0) {
            // All shares have been unlocked.
            unlocked = S.balances[address(this)];
        }
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            TENDING
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @notice For a 'keeper' to 'tend' the strategy if a custom
     * tendTrigger() is implemented.
     *
     * @dev Both 'tendTrigger' and '_tend' will need to be overridden
     * for this to be used.
     *
     * This will callback the internal '_tend' call in the BaseStrategy
     * with the total current amount available to the strategy to deploy.
     *
     * This is a permissioned function so if desired it could
     * be used for illiquid or manipulatable strategies to compound
     * rewards, perform maintenance or deposit/withdraw funds.
     *
     * This will not cause any change in PPS. Total assets will
     * be the same before and after.
     *
     * A report() call will be needed to record any profits or losses.
     */
    function tend() external nonReentrant onlyKeepers {
        // Tend the strategy with the current loose balance.
        IBaseStrategy(address(this)).tendThis(
            _strategyStorage().asset.balanceOf(address(this))
        );
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        STRATEGY SHUTDOWN
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @notice Used to shutdown the strategy preventing any further deposits.
     * @dev Can only be called by the current `management` or `emergencyAdmin`.
     *
     * This will stop any new {deposit} or {mint} calls but will
     * not prevent {withdraw} or {redeem}. It will also still allow for
     * {tend} and {report} so that management can report any last losses
     * in an emergency as well as provide any maintenance to allow for full
     * withdraw.
     *
     * This is a one way switch and can never be set back once shutdown.
     */
    function shutdownStrategy() external onlyEmergencyAuthorized {
        _strategyStorage().shutdown = true;

        emit StrategyShutdown();
    }

    /**
     * @notice To manually withdraw funds from the yield source after a
     * strategy has been shutdown.
     * @dev This can only be called post {shutdownStrategy}.
     *
     * This will never cause a change in PPS. Total assets will
     * be the same before and after.
     *
     * A strategist will need to override the {_emergencyWithdraw} function
     * in their strategy for this to work.
     *
     * @param amount The amount of asset to attempt to free.
     */
    function emergencyWithdraw(
        uint256 amount
    ) external nonReentrant onlyEmergencyAuthorized {
        // Make sure the strategy has been shutdown.
        require(_strategyStorage().shutdown, "not shutdown");

        // Withdraw from the yield source.
        IBaseStrategy(address(this)).shutdownWithdraw(amount);
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        GETTER FUNCTIONS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @notice Get the underlying asset for the strategy.
     * @return . The underlying asset.
     */
    function asset() external view returns (address) {
        return address(_strategyStorage().asset);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the API version for this TokenizedStrategy.
     * @return . The API version for this TokenizedStrategy
     */
    function apiVersion() external pure returns (string memory) {
        return API_VERSION;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the current address that controls the strategy.
     * @return . Address of management
     */
    function management() external view returns (address) {
        return _strategyStorage().management;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the current pending management address if any.
     * @return . Address of pendingManagement
     */
    function pendingManagement() external view returns (address) {
        return _strategyStorage().pendingManagement;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the current address that can call tend and report.
     * @return . Address of the keeper
     */
    function keeper() external view returns (address) {
        return _strategyStorage().keeper;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the current address that can shutdown and emergency withdraw.
     * @return . Address of the emergencyAdmin
     */
    function emergencyAdmin() external view returns (address) {
        return _strategyStorage().emergencyAdmin;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the current performance fee charged on profits.
     * denominated in Basis Points where 10_000 == 100%
     * @return . Current performance fee.
     */
    function performanceFee() external view returns (uint16) {
        return _strategyStorage().performanceFee;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the current address that receives the performance fees.
     * @return . Address of performanceFeeRecipient
     */
    function performanceFeeRecipient() external view returns (address) {
        return _strategyStorage().performanceFeeRecipient;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets the timestamp at which all profits will be unlocked.
     * @return . The full profit unlocking timestamp
     */
    function fullProfitUnlockDate() external view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(_strategyStorage().fullProfitUnlockDate);
    }

    /**
     * @notice The per second rate at which profits are unlocking.
     * @dev This is denominated in EXTENDED_BPS decimals.
     * @return . The current profit unlocking rate.
     */
    function profitUnlockingRate() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _strategyStorage().profitUnlockingRate;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets the current time profits are set to unlock over.
     * @return . The current profit max unlock time.
     */
    function profitMaxUnlockTime() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _strategyStorage().profitMaxUnlockTime;
    }

    /**
     * @notice The timestamp of the last time protocol fees were charged.
     * @return . The last report.
     */
    function lastReport() external view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(_strategyStorage().lastReport);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the price per share.
     * @dev This value offers limited precision. Integrations that require
     * exact precision should use convertToAssets or convertToShares instead.
     *
     * @return . The price per share.
     */
    function pricePerShare() external view returns (uint256) {
        StrategyData storage S = _strategyStorage();
        return _convertToAssets(S, 10 ** S.decimals, Math.Rounding.Down);
    }

    /**
     * @notice To check if the strategy has been shutdown.
     * @return . Whether or not the strategy is shutdown.
     */
    function isShutdown() external view returns (bool) {
        return _strategyStorage().shutdown;
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        SETTER FUNCTIONS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @notice Step one of two to set a new address to be in charge of the strategy.
     * @dev Can only be called by the current `management`. The address is
     * set to pending management and will then have to call {acceptManagement}
     * in order for the 'management' to officially change.
     *
     * Cannot set `management` to address(0).
     *
     * @param _management New address to set `pendingManagement` to.
     */
    function setPendingManagement(address _management) external onlyManagement {
        require(_management != address(0), "ZERO ADDRESS");
        _strategyStorage().pendingManagement = _management;

        emit UpdatePendingManagement(_management);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Step two of two to set a new 'management' of the strategy.
     * @dev Can only be called by the current `pendingManagement`.
     */
    function acceptManagement() external {
        StrategyData storage S = _strategyStorage();
        require(msg.sender == S.pendingManagement, "!pending");
        S.management = msg.sender;
        S.pendingManagement = address(0);

        emit UpdateManagement(msg.sender);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets a new address to be in charge of tend and reports.
     * @dev Can only be called by the current `management`.
     *
     * @param _keeper New address to set `keeper` to.
     */
    function setKeeper(address _keeper) external onlyManagement {
        _strategyStorage().keeper = _keeper;

        emit UpdateKeeper(_keeper);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets a new address to be able to shutdown the strategy.
     * @dev Can only be called by the current `management`.
     *
     * @param _emergencyAdmin New address to set `emergencyAdmin` to.
     */
    function setEmergencyAdmin(
        address _emergencyAdmin
    ) external onlyManagement {
        _strategyStorage().emergencyAdmin = _emergencyAdmin;

        emit UpdateEmergencyAdmin(_emergencyAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the performance fee to be charged on reported gains.
     * @dev Can only be called by the current `management`.
     *
     * Denominated in Basis Points. So 100% == 10_000.
     * Cannot set greater than to MAX_FEE.
     *
     * @param _performanceFee New performance fee.
     */
    function setPerformanceFee(uint16 _performanceFee) external onlyManagement {
        require(_performanceFee <= MAX_FEE, "MAX FEE");
        _strategyStorage().performanceFee = _performanceFee;

        emit UpdatePerformanceFee(_performanceFee);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets a new address to receive performance fees.
     * @dev Can only be called by the current `management`.
     *
     * Cannot set to address(0).
     *
     * @param _performanceFeeRecipient New address to set `management` to.
     */
    function setPerformanceFeeRecipient(
        address _performanceFeeRecipient
    ) external onlyManagement {
        require(_performanceFeeRecipient != address(0), "ZERO ADDRESS");
        require(_performanceFeeRecipient != address(this), "Cannot be self");
        _strategyStorage().performanceFeeRecipient = _performanceFeeRecipient;

        emit UpdatePerformanceFeeRecipient(_performanceFeeRecipient);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the time for profits to be unlocked over.
     * @dev Can only be called by the current `management`.
     *
     * Denominated in seconds and cannot be greater than 1 year.
     *
     * NOTE: Setting to 0 will cause all currently locked profit
     * to be unlocked instantly and should be done with care.
     *
     * `profitMaxUnlockTime` is stored as a uint32 for packing but can
     * be passed in as uint256 for simplicity.
     *
     * @param _profitMaxUnlockTime New `profitMaxUnlockTime`.
     */
    function setProfitMaxUnlockTime(
        uint256 _profitMaxUnlockTime
    ) external onlyManagement {
        // Must be less than a year.
        require(_profitMaxUnlockTime <= SECONDS_PER_YEAR, "too long");
        StrategyData storage S = _strategyStorage();

        // If we are setting to 0 we need to adjust amounts.
        if (_profitMaxUnlockTime == 0) {
            uint256 shares = S.balances[address(this)];
            if (shares != 0) {
                // Burn all shares if applicable.
                _burn(S, address(this), shares);
            }
            // Reset unlocking variables
            S.profitUnlockingRate = 0;
            S.fullProfitUnlockDate = 0;
        }

        S.profitMaxUnlockTime = uint32(_profitMaxUnlockTime);

        emit UpdateProfitMaxUnlockTime(_profitMaxUnlockTime);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the name for the strategy.
     * @param _name The new name for the strategy.
     */
    function setName(string calldata _name) external onlyManagement {
        _strategyStorage().name = _name;
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        ERC20 METHODS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @notice Returns the name of the token.
     * @return . The name the strategy is using for its token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory) {
        return _strategyStorage().name;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the symbol of the strategies token.
     * @dev Will be 'ys + asset symbol'.
     * @return . The symbol the strategy is using for its tokens.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory) {
        return
            string(abi.encodePacked("ys", _strategyStorage().asset.symbol()));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * @return . The decimals used for the strategy and `asset`.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8) {
        return _strategyStorage().decimals;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the current balance for a given '_account'.
     * @dev If the '_account` is the strategy then this will subtract
     * the amount of shares that have been unlocked since the last profit first.
     * @param account the address to return the balance for.
     * @return . The current balance in y shares of the '_account'.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _balanceOf(_strategyStorage(), account);
    }

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {balanceOf}.
    function _balanceOf(
        StrategyData storage S,
        address account
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        if (account == address(this)) {
            return S.balances[account] - _unlockedShares(S);
        }
        return S.balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Transfer '_amount` of shares from `msg.sender` to `to`.
     * @dev
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the address of the strategy.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `_amount`.
     *
     * @param to The address shares will be transferred to.
     * @param amount The amount of shares to be transferred from sender.
     * @return . a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool) {
        _transfer(_strategyStorage(), msg.sender, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     * @param owner The address who owns the shares.
     * @param spender The address who would be moving the owners shares.
     * @return . The remaining amount of shares of `owner` that could be moved by `spender`.
     */
    function allowance(
        address owner,
        address spender
    ) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _allowance(_strategyStorage(), owner, spender);
    }

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {allowance}.
    function _allowance(
        StrategyData storage S,
        address owner,
        address spender
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return S.allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     * @dev
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * @param spender the address to allow the shares to be moved by.
     * @param amount the amount of shares to allow `spender` to move.
     * @return . a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool) {
        _approve(_strategyStorage(), msg.sender, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * @dev
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the address of the strategy.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * @param from the address to be moving shares from.
     * @param to the address to be moving shares to.
     * @param amount the quantity of shares to move.
     * @return . a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool) {
        StrategyData storage S = _strategyStorage();
        _spendAllowance(S, from, msg.sender, amount);
        _transfer(S, from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the strategies address
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     *
     */
    function _transfer(
        StrategyData storage S,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");
        require(to != address(this), "ERC20 transfer to strategy");

        S.balances[from] -= amount;
        unchecked {
            S.balances[to] += amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     */
    function _mint(
        StrategyData storage S,
        address account,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        S.totalSupply += amount;
        unchecked {
            S.balances[account] += amount;
        }
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(
        StrategyData storage S,
        address account,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        S.balances[account] -= amount;
        unchecked {
            S.totalSupply -= amount;
        }
        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(
        StrategyData storage S,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        S.allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(
        StrategyData storage S,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal {
        uint256 currentAllowance = _allowance(S, owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(
                currentAllowance >= amount,
                "ERC20: insufficient allowance"
            );
            unchecked {
                _approve(S, owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            EIP-2612 LOGIC
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @notice Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * @dev Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     *
     * @param _owner the address of the account to return the nonce for.
     * @return . the current nonce for the account.
     */
    function nonces(address _owner) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _strategyStorage().nonces[_owner];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * @dev IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external {
        require(deadline >= block.timestamp, "ERC20: PERMIT_DEADLINE_EXPIRED");

        // Unchecked because the only math done is incrementing
        // the owner's nonce which cannot realistically overflow.
        unchecked {
            address recoveredAddress = ecrecover(
                keccak256(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        "\x19\x01",
                        DOMAIN_SEPARATOR(),
                        keccak256(
                            abi.encode(
                                keccak256(
                                    "Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)"
                                ),
                                owner,
                                spender,
                                value,
                                _strategyStorage().nonces[owner]++,
                                deadline
                            )
                        )
                    )
                ),
                v,
                r,
                s
            );

            require(
                recoveredAddress != address(0) && recoveredAddress == owner,
                "ERC20: INVALID_SIGNER"
            );

            _approve(_strategyStorage(), recoveredAddress, spender, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature
     * for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     *
     * @return . The domain separator that will be used for any {permit} calls.
     */
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() public view returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encode(
                    keccak256(
                        "EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"
                    ),
                    keccak256("Yearn Vault"),
                    keccak256(bytes(API_VERSION)),
                    block.chainid,
                    address(this)
                )
            );
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            DEPLOYMENT
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @dev On contract creation we set `asset` for this contract to address(1).
     * This prevents it from ever being initialized in the future.
     * @param _factory Address of the factory of the same version for protocol fees.
     */
    constructor(address _factory) {
        FACTORY = _factory;
        _strategyStorage().asset = ERC20(address(1));
    }
}