ETH Price: $2,048.34 (-0.53%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
19222923 at Feb-14-2024 01:24:35 AM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.004145388437656996 ETH $8.49
Gas Used:
233,102 Gas / 17.783581598 Gwei

Emitted Events:

151 TransparentUpgradeableProxy.0x85291dff2161a93c2f12c819d31889c96c63042116f5bc5a205aa701c2c429f5( 0x85291dff2161a93c2f12c819d31889c96c63042116f5bc5a205aa701c2c429f5, 0x000000000000000000000000b0c7a3ba49c7a6eaba6cd4a96c55a1391070ac9a, 0x00000000000000000000000050a04d8f78d2b4600d4329410717653f66ce7b4d, 0x00000000000000000000000050a04d8f78d2b4600d4329410717653f66ce7b4d, 000000000000000000000000a3a7b6f88361f48403514059f1f16c8e78d60eec )
152 MagicProxy.0x8c5be1e5ebec7d5bd14f71427d1e84f3dd0314c0f7b2291e5b200ac8c7c3b925( 0x8c5be1e5ebec7d5bd14f71427d1e84f3dd0314c0f7b2291e5b200ac8c7c3b925, 0x00000000000000000000000050a04d8f78d2b4600d4329410717653f66ce7b4d, 0x000000000000000000000000a3a7b6f88361f48403514059f1f16c8e78d60eec, fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffb792dfdcce8217252bb )
153 MagicProxy.0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef( 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef, 0x00000000000000000000000050a04d8f78d2b4600d4329410717653f66ce7b4d, 0x000000000000000000000000a3a7b6f88361f48403514059f1f16c8e78d60eec, 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005052faa74c9fa49fd3 )
154 TransparentUpgradeableProxy.0x5e3c1311ea442664e8b1611bfabef659120ea7a0a2cfc0667700bebc69cbffe1( 0x5e3c1311ea442664e8b1611bfabef659120ea7a0a2cfc0667700bebc69cbffe1, 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000015267a, 0x0118cdc84f6a22c5d7b3656ede84690ebd821df6c3d94152226e5c856fd44d30, 0000000000000000000000004dbd4fc535ac27206064b68ffcf827b0a60bab3f, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009, 000000000000000000000000b4b8b6f88361f48403514059f1f16c8e78d61ffd, 9103ddf7f570f728c3e468ab2d58409699781b3d639156407042f82fd7eeef30, 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004235bfdd9, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000065cc1653 )
155 TransparentUpgradeableProxy.0xff64905f73a67fb594e0f940a8075a860db489ad991e032f48c81123eb52d60b( 0xff64905f73a67fb594e0f940a8075a860db489ad991e032f48c81123eb52d60b, 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000015267a, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000404, 00000000000000000000000009e9222e96e7b4ae2a407b98d48e330053351eee, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000019b3da3ded640, 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000179239bcb2e40, 00000000000000000000000050a04d8f78d2b4600d4329410717653f66ce7b4d, 00000000000000000000000050a04d8f78d2b4600d4329410717653f66ce7b4d, 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001e838, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011e1a300, 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002e4, 2e567b36000000000000000000000000b0c7a3ba49c7a6eaba6cd4a96c55a139, 1070ac9a00000000000000000000000050a04d8f78d2b4600d4329410717653f, 66ce7b4d00000000000000000000000050a04d8f78d2b4600d4329410717653f, 66ce7b4d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005052faa74c, 9fa49fd300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 000000a000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000022000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000004000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 000001a000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 000000e000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000016000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 000000054d414749430000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 000000054d414749430000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000001200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 )
156 TransparentUpgradeableProxy.0xc1d1490cf25c3b40d600dfb27c7680340ed1ab901b7e8f3551280968a3b372b0( 0xc1d1490cf25c3b40d600dfb27c7680340ed1ab901b7e8f3551280968a3b372b0, 0x00000000000000000000000050a04d8f78d2b4600d4329410717653f66ce7b4d, 0x00000000000000000000000009e9222e96e7b4ae2a407b98d48e330053351eee, 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000015267a, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020, 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002e4, 2e567b36000000000000000000000000b0c7a3ba49c7a6eaba6cd4a96c55a139, 1070ac9a00000000000000000000000050a04d8f78d2b4600d4329410717653f, 66ce7b4d00000000000000000000000050a04d8f78d2b4600d4329410717653f, 66ce7b4d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005052faa74c, 9fa49fd300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 000000a000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000022000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000004000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 000001a000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 000000e000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000016000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 000000054d414749430000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 000000054d414749430000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000001200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 )
157 TransparentUpgradeableProxy.0xb8910b9960c443aac3240b98585384e3a6f109fbf6969e264c3f183d69aba7e1( 0xb8910b9960c443aac3240b98585384e3a6f109fbf6969e264c3f183d69aba7e1, 0x00000000000000000000000050a04d8f78d2b4600d4329410717653f66ce7b4d, 0x00000000000000000000000050a04d8f78d2b4600d4329410717653f66ce7b4d, 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000015267a, 000000000000000000000000b0c7a3ba49c7a6eaba6cd4a96c55a1391070ac9a, 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005052faa74c9fa49fd3 )

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
0x50A04D8f...F66cE7B4D
0.009340127901197077 Eth
Nonce: 84
0.004742575442229041 Eth
Nonce: 85
0.004597552458968036
0x8315177a...4DBd7ed3a
(Arbitrum: Bridge)
1,486,559.893848773917423908 Eth1,486,559.894300937938734948 Eth0.00045216402131104
(beaverbuild)
5.486840701934401985 Eth5.486843145098142471 Eth0.000002443163740486
0xB0c7a3Ba...91070Ac9A

Execution Trace

ETH 0.00045216402131104 TransparentUpgradeableProxy.d2ce7d65( )
  • ETH 0.00045216402131104 L1GatewayRouter.outboundTransfer( _token=0xB0c7a3Ba49C7a6EaBa6cD4a96C55a1391070Ac9A, _to=0x50A04D8f78d2b4600d4329410717653F66cE7B4D, _amount=1481718801299589603283, _maxGas=124984, _gasPriceBid=300000000, _data=0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000179239BCB2E4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ) => ( 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000015267A )
    • ETH 0.00045216402131104 TransparentUpgradeableProxy.d2ce7d65( )
      • ETH 0.00045216402131104 L1ERC20Gateway.outboundTransfer( _l1Token=0xB0c7a3Ba49C7a6EaBa6cD4a96C55a1391070Ac9A, _to=0x50A04D8f78d2b4600d4329410717653F66cE7B4D, _amount=1481718801299589603283, _maxGas=124984, _gasPriceBid=300000000, _data=0x00000000000000000000000050A04D8F78D2B4600D4329410717653F66CE7B4D00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000179239BCB2E4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ) => ( res=0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000015267A )
        • MagicProxy.70a08231( )
          • Magic.balanceOf( account=0xa3A7B6F88361F48403514059F1F16C8E78d60EeC ) => ( 292410169097458998790362429 )
          • MagicProxy.23b872dd( )
            • Magic.transferFrom( holder=0x50A04D8f78d2b4600d4329410717653F66cE7B4D, recipient=0xa3A7B6F88361F48403514059F1F16C8E78d60EeC, amount=1481718801299589603283 ) => ( True )
            • MagicProxy.70a08231( )
              • Magic.balanceOf( account=0xa3A7B6F88361F48403514059F1F16C8E78d60EeC ) => ( 292411650816260298379965712 )
              • MagicProxy.STATICCALL( )
                • Magic.DELEGATECALL( )
                • MagicProxy.STATICCALL( )
                  • Magic.DELEGATECALL( )
                  • MagicProxy.STATICCALL( )
                    • Magic.DELEGATECALL( )
                    • ETH 0.00045216402131104 TransparentUpgradeableProxy.679b6ded( )
                      • ETH 0.00045216402131104 Inbox.createRetryableTicket( to=0x09e9222E96E7B4AE2a407B98d48e330053351EEe, l2CallValue=0, maxSubmissionCost=414668821311040, excessFeeRefundAddress=0x50A04D8f78d2b4600d4329410717653F66cE7B4D, callValueRefundAddress=0x50A04D8f78d2b4600d4329410717653F66cE7B4D, gasLimit=124984, maxFeePerGas=300000000, data=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 ) => ( 1386106 )
                        • ETH 0.00045216402131104 TransparentUpgradeableProxy.8db5993b( )
                          File 1 of 9: TransparentUpgradeableProxy
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          import "./UpgradeableProxy.sol";
                          /**
                           * @dev This contract implements a proxy that is upgradeable by an admin.
                           *
                           * To avoid https://medium.com/nomic-labs-blog/malicious-backdoors-in-ethereum-proxies-62629adf3357[proxy selector
                           * clashing], which can potentially be used in an attack, this contract uses the
                           * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/the-transparent-proxy-pattern/[transparent proxy pattern]. This pattern implies two
                           * things that go hand in hand:
                           *
                           * 1. If any account other than the admin calls the proxy, the call will be forwarded to the implementation, even if
                           * that call matches one of the admin functions exposed by the proxy itself.
                           * 2. If the admin calls the proxy, it can access the admin functions, but its calls will never be forwarded to the
                           * implementation. If the admin tries to call a function on the implementation it will fail with an error that says
                           * "admin cannot fallback to proxy target".
                           *
                           * These properties mean that the admin account can only be used for admin actions like upgrading the proxy or changing
                           * the admin, so it's best if it's a dedicated account that is not used for anything else. This will avoid headaches due
                           * to sudden errors when trying to call a function from the proxy implementation.
                           *
                           * Our recommendation is for the dedicated account to be an instance of the {ProxyAdmin} contract. If set up this way,
                           * you should think of the `ProxyAdmin` instance as the real administrative interface of your proxy.
                           */
                          contract TransparentUpgradeableProxy is UpgradeableProxy {
                              /**
                               * @dev Initializes an upgradeable proxy managed by `_admin`, backed by the implementation at `_logic`, and
                               * optionally initialized with `_data` as explained in {UpgradeableProxy-constructor}.
                               */
                              constructor(address _logic, address admin_, bytes memory _data) public payable UpgradeableProxy(_logic, _data) {
                                  assert(_ADMIN_SLOT == bytes32(uint256(keccak256("eip1967.proxy.admin")) - 1));
                                  _setAdmin(admin_);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
                               */
                              event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
                              /**
                               * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
                               * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
                               * validated in the constructor.
                               */
                              bytes32 private constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
                              /**
                               * @dev Modifier used internally that will delegate the call to the implementation unless the sender is the admin.
                               */
                              modifier ifAdmin() {
                                  if (msg.sender == _admin()) {
                                      _;
                                  } else {
                                      _fallback();
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current admin.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-getProxyAdmin}.
                               *
                               * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
                               * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
                               * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
                               */
                              function admin() external ifAdmin returns (address admin_) {
                                  admin_ = _admin();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current implementation.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-getProxyImplementation}.
                               *
                               * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
                               * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
                               * `0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc`
                               */
                              function implementation() external ifAdmin returns (address implementation_) {
                                  implementation_ = _implementation();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
                               *
                               * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-changeProxyAdmin}.
                               */
                              function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) external virtual ifAdmin {
                                  require(newAdmin != address(0), "TransparentUpgradeableProxy: new admin is the zero address");
                                  emit AdminChanged(_admin(), newAdmin);
                                  _setAdmin(newAdmin);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-upgrade}.
                               */
                              function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) external virtual ifAdmin {
                                  _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy, and then call a function from the new implementation as specified
                               * by `data`, which should be an encoded function call. This is useful to initialize new storage variables in the
                               * proxied contract.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-upgradeAndCall}.
                               */
                              function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes calldata data) external payable virtual ifAdmin {
                                  _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
                                  Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current admin.
                               */
                              function _admin() internal view virtual returns (address adm) {
                                  bytes32 slot = _ADMIN_SLOT;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      adm := sload(slot)
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
                               */
                              function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
                                  bytes32 slot = _ADMIN_SLOT;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      sstore(slot, newAdmin)
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Makes sure the admin cannot access the fallback function. See {Proxy-_beforeFallback}.
                               */
                              function _beforeFallback() internal virtual override {
                                  require(msg.sender != _admin(), "TransparentUpgradeableProxy: admin cannot fallback to proxy target");
                                  super._beforeFallback();
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          import "./Proxy.sol";
                          import "../utils/Address.sol";
                          /**
                           * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
                           * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
                           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
                           * implementation behind the proxy.
                           *
                           * Upgradeability is only provided internally through {_upgradeTo}. For an externally upgradeable proxy see
                           * {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}.
                           */
                          contract UpgradeableProxy is Proxy {
                              /**
                               * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
                               *
                               * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
                               * function call, and allows initializating the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
                               */
                              constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) public payable {
                                  assert(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT == bytes32(uint256(keccak256("eip1967.proxy.implementation")) - 1));
                                  _setImplementation(_logic);
                                  if(_data.length > 0) {
                                      Address.functionDelegateCall(_logic, _data);
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
                               */
                              event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
                              /**
                               * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
                               * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
                               * validated in the constructor.
                               */
                              bytes32 private constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
                               */
                              function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
                                  bytes32 slot = _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      impl := sload(slot)
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Upgrades the proxy to a new implementation.
                               *
                               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
                               */
                              function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal virtual {
                                  _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                                  emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
                               */
                              function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
                                  require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "UpgradeableProxy: new implementation is not a contract");
                                  bytes32 slot = _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      sstore(slot, newImplementation)
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
                           * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
                           * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
                           *
                           * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
                           * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
                           *
                           * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
                           */
                          abstract contract Proxy {
                              /**
                               * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
                               *
                               * This function does not return to its internall call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                               */
                              function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
                                      // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
                                      // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
                                      calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                                      // Call the implementation.
                                      // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
                                      let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                                      // Copy the returned data.
                                      returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                                      switch result
                                      // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
                                      case 0 { revert(0, returndatasize()) }
                                      default { return(0, returndatasize()) }
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overriden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
                               * and {_fallback} should delegate.
                               */
                              function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
                              /**
                               * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
                               *
                               * This function does not return to its internall call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                               */
                              function _fallback() internal virtual {
                                  _beforeFallback();
                                  _delegate(_implementation());
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
                               * function in the contract matches the call data.
                               */
                              fallback () external payable virtual {
                                  _fallback();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
                               * is empty.
                               */
                              receive () external payable virtual {
                                  _fallback();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
                               * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
                               *
                               * If overriden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
                               */
                              function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
                           */
                          library Address {
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
                               *
                               * [IMPORTANT]
                               * ====
                               * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
                               * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
                               *
                               * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
                               * types of addresses:
                               *
                               *  - an externally-owned account
                               *  - a contract in construction
                               *  - an address where a contract will be created
                               *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                               * ====
                               */
                              function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                                  // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
                                  // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
                                  // constructor execution.
                                  uint256 size;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
                                  return size > 0;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                               * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                               *
                               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                               * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                               * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                               * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                               *
                               * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                               *
                               * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                               * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                               * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                               * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                               */
                              function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                                  require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
                                  (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
                                  require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                               * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                               * function instead.
                               *
                               * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
                               * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
                               *
                               * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                               * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `target` must be a contract.
                               * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
                               * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                               * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
                               * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{ value: value }(data);
                                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a static call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.3._
                               */
                              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a static call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.3._
                               */
                              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a delegate call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a delegate call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              function _verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure returns(bytes memory) {
                                  if (success) {
                                      return returndata;
                                  } else {
                                      // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                                      if (returndata.length > 0) {
                                          // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                                          // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                          assembly {
                                              let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                                              revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                                          }
                                      } else {
                                          revert(errorMessage);
                                      }
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          

                          File 2 of 9: MagicProxy
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import '@solidstate/contracts/proxy/diamond/Diamond.sol';
                          import '@solidstate/contracts/token/ERC20/metadata/ERC20MetadataStorage.sol';
                          contract MagicProxy is Diamond {
                              constructor() {
                                  ERC20MetadataStorage.Layout storage l = ERC20MetadataStorage.layout();
                                  l.name = 'MAGIC';
                                  l.symbol = 'MAGIC';
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {SafeOwnable, OwnableStorage, Ownable} from '../../access/SafeOwnable.sol';
                          import {IERC173} from '../../access/IERC173.sol';
                          import {ERC165, IERC165, ERC165Storage} from '../../introspection/ERC165.sol';
                          import {DiamondBase, DiamondBaseStorage} from './DiamondBase.sol';
                          import {DiamondCuttable, IDiamondCuttable} from './DiamondCuttable.sol';
                          import {DiamondLoupe, IDiamondLoupe} from './DiamondLoupe.sol';
                          /**
                           * @notice SolidState "Diamond" proxy reference implementation
                           */
                          abstract contract Diamond is DiamondBase, DiamondCuttable, DiamondLoupe, SafeOwnable, ERC165 {
                            using DiamondBaseStorage for DiamondBaseStorage.Layout;
                            using ERC165Storage for ERC165Storage.Layout;
                            using OwnableStorage for OwnableStorage.Layout;
                            constructor () {
                              ERC165Storage.Layout storage erc165 = ERC165Storage.layout();
                              bytes4[] memory selectors = new bytes4[](12);
                              // register DiamondCuttable
                              selectors[0] = IDiamondCuttable.diamondCut.selector;
                              erc165.setSupportedInterface(type(IDiamondCuttable).interfaceId, true);
                              // register DiamondLoupe
                              selectors[1] = IDiamondLoupe.facets.selector;
                              selectors[2] = IDiamondLoupe.facetFunctionSelectors.selector;
                              selectors[3] = IDiamondLoupe.facetAddresses.selector;
                              selectors[4] = IDiamondLoupe.facetAddress.selector;
                              erc165.setSupportedInterface(type(IDiamondLoupe).interfaceId, true);
                              // register ERC165
                              selectors[5] = IERC165.supportsInterface.selector;
                              erc165.setSupportedInterface(type(IERC165).interfaceId, true);
                              // register SafeOwnable
                              selectors[6] = Ownable.owner.selector;
                              selectors[7] = SafeOwnable.nomineeOwner.selector;
                              selectors[8] = SafeOwnable.transferOwnership.selector;
                              selectors[9] = SafeOwnable.acceptOwnership.selector;
                              erc165.setSupportedInterface(type(IERC173).interfaceId, true);
                              // register Diamond
                              selectors[10] = Diamond.getFallbackAddress.selector;
                              selectors[11] = Diamond.setFallbackAddress.selector;
                              // diamond cut
                              FacetCut[] memory facetCuts = new FacetCut[](1);
                              facetCuts[0] = FacetCut({
                                target: address(this),
                                action: IDiamondCuttable.FacetCutAction.ADD,
                                selectors: selectors
                              });
                              DiamondBaseStorage.layout().diamondCut(facetCuts, address(0), '');
                              // set owner
                              OwnableStorage.layout().setOwner(msg.sender);
                            }
                            receive () external payable {}
                            /**
                             * @notice get the address of the fallback contract
                             * @return fallback address
                             */
                            function getFallbackAddress () external view returns (address) {
                              return DiamondBaseStorage.layout().fallbackAddress;
                            }
                            /**
                             * @notice set the address of the fallback contract
                             * @param fallbackAddress fallback address
                             */
                            function setFallbackAddress (
                              address fallbackAddress
                            ) external onlyOwner {
                              DiamondBaseStorage.layout().fallbackAddress = fallbackAddress;
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          library ERC20MetadataStorage {
                            struct Layout {
                              string name;
                              string symbol;
                              uint8 decimals;
                            }
                            bytes32 internal constant STORAGE_SLOT = keccak256(
                              'solidstate.contracts.storage.ERC20Metadata'
                            );
                            function layout () internal pure returns (Layout storage l) {
                              bytes32 slot = STORAGE_SLOT;
                              assembly { l.slot := slot }
                            }
                            function setName (
                              Layout storage l,
                              string memory name
                            ) internal {
                              l.name = name;
                            }
                            function setSymbol (
                              Layout storage l,
                              string memory symbol
                            ) internal {
                              l.symbol = symbol;
                            }
                            function setDecimals (
                              Layout storage l,
                              uint8 decimals
                            ) internal {
                              l.decimals = decimals;
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {Ownable, OwnableStorage} from './Ownable.sol';
                          import {SafeOwnableInternal} from './SafeOwnableInternal.sol';
                          import {SafeOwnableStorage} from './SafeOwnableStorage.sol';
                          /**
                           * @title Ownership access control based on ERC173 with ownership transfer safety check
                           */
                          abstract contract SafeOwnable is Ownable, SafeOwnableInternal {
                            using OwnableStorage for OwnableStorage.Layout;
                            using SafeOwnableStorage for SafeOwnableStorage.Layout;
                            function nomineeOwner () virtual public view returns (address) {
                              return SafeOwnableStorage.layout().nomineeOwner;
                            }
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc Ownable
                             * @dev ownership transfer must be accepted by beneficiary before transfer is complete
                             */
                            function transferOwnership (
                              address account
                            ) virtual override public onlyOwner {
                              SafeOwnableStorage.layout().setNomineeOwner(account);
                            }
                            /**
                             * @notice accept transfer of contract ownership
                             */
                            function acceptOwnership () virtual public onlyNomineeOwner {
                              OwnableStorage.Layout storage l = OwnableStorage.layout();
                              emit OwnershipTransferred(l.owner, msg.sender);
                              l.setOwner(msg.sender);
                              SafeOwnableStorage.layout().setNomineeOwner(address(0));
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @title Contract ownership standard interface
                           * @dev see https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-173
                           */
                          interface IERC173 {
                            event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
                            /**
                             * @notice get the ERC173 contract owner
                             * @return conract owner
                             */
                            function owner () external view returns (address);
                            /**
                             * @notice transfer contract ownership to new account
                             * @param account address of new owner
                             */
                            function transferOwnership (address account) external;
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {IERC165} from './IERC165.sol';
                          import {ERC165Storage} from './ERC165Storage.sol';
                          /**
                           * @title ERC165 implementation
                           */
                          abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
                            using ERC165Storage for ERC165Storage.Layout;
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IERC165
                             */
                            function supportsInterface (bytes4 interfaceId) override public view returns (bool) {
                              return ERC165Storage.layout().isSupportedInterface(interfaceId);
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {Proxy} from '../Proxy.sol';
                          import {DiamondBaseStorage} from './DiamondBaseStorage.sol';
                          import {IDiamondLoupe} from './IDiamondLoupe.sol';
                          import {IDiamondCuttable} from './IDiamondCuttable.sol';
                          /**
                           * @title EIP-2535 "Diamond" proxy base contract
                           * @dev see https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2535
                           */
                          abstract contract DiamondBase is Proxy {
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc Proxy
                             */
                            function _getImplementation () override internal view returns (address) {
                              // inline storage layout retrieval uses less gas
                              DiamondBaseStorage.Layout storage l;
                              bytes32 slot = DiamondBaseStorage.STORAGE_SLOT;
                              assembly { l.slot := slot }
                              address implementation = address(bytes20(l.facets[msg.sig]));
                              if (implementation == address(0)) {
                                implementation = l.fallbackAddress;
                                require(
                                  implementation != address(0),
                                  'DiamondBase: no facet found for function signature'
                                );
                              }
                              return implementation;
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {OwnableInternal} from '../../access/OwnableInternal.sol';
                          import {IDiamondCuttable} from './IDiamondCuttable.sol';
                          import {DiamondBaseStorage} from './DiamondBaseStorage.sol';
                          /**
                           * @title EIP-2535 "Diamond" proxy update contract
                           */
                          abstract contract DiamondCuttable is IDiamondCuttable, OwnableInternal {
                            using DiamondBaseStorage for DiamondBaseStorage.Layout;
                            /**
                             * @notice update functions callable on Diamond proxy
                             * @param facetCuts array of structured Diamond facet update data
                             * @param target optional recipient of initialization delegatecall
                             * @param data optional initialization call data
                             */
                            function diamondCut (
                              FacetCut[] calldata facetCuts,
                              address target,
                              bytes calldata data
                            ) external override onlyOwner {
                              DiamondBaseStorage.layout().diamondCut(facetCuts, target, data);
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {DiamondBaseStorage} from './DiamondBaseStorage.sol';
                          import {IDiamondLoupe} from './IDiamondLoupe.sol';
                          /**
                           * @title EIP-2535 "Diamond" proxy introspection contract
                           * @dev derived from https://github.com/mudgen/diamond-2 (MIT license)
                           */
                          abstract contract DiamondLoupe is IDiamondLoupe {
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IDiamondLoupe
                             */
                            function facets () external override view returns (Facet[] memory diamondFacets) {
                              DiamondBaseStorage.Layout storage l = DiamondBaseStorage.layout();
                              diamondFacets = new Facet[](l.selectorCount);
                              uint8[] memory numFacetSelectors = new uint8[](l.selectorCount);
                              uint256 numFacets;
                              uint256 selectorIndex;
                              // loop through function selectors
                              for (uint256 slotIndex; selectorIndex < l.selectorCount; slotIndex++) {
                                bytes32 slot = l.selectorSlots[slotIndex];
                                for (uint256 selectorSlotIndex; selectorSlotIndex < 8; selectorSlotIndex++) {
                                  selectorIndex++;
                                  if (selectorIndex > l.selectorCount) {
                                    break;
                                  }
                                  bytes4 selector = bytes4(slot << (selectorSlotIndex << 5));
                                  address facet = address(bytes20(l.facets[selector]));
                                  bool continueLoop;
                                  for (uint256 facetIndex; facetIndex < numFacets; facetIndex++) {
                                    if (diamondFacets[facetIndex].target == facet) {
                                      diamondFacets[facetIndex].selectors[numFacetSelectors[facetIndex]] = selector;
                                      // probably will never have more than 256 functions from one facet contract
                                      require(numFacetSelectors[facetIndex] < 255);
                                      numFacetSelectors[facetIndex]++;
                                      continueLoop = true;
                                      break;
                                    }
                                  }
                                  if (continueLoop) {
                                    continue;
                                  }
                                  diamondFacets[numFacets].target = facet;
                                  diamondFacets[numFacets].selectors = new bytes4[](l.selectorCount);
                                  diamondFacets[numFacets].selectors[0] = selector;
                                  numFacetSelectors[numFacets] = 1;
                                  numFacets++;
                                }
                              }
                              for (uint256 facetIndex; facetIndex < numFacets; facetIndex++) {
                                uint256 numSelectors = numFacetSelectors[facetIndex];
                                bytes4[] memory selectors = diamondFacets[facetIndex].selectors;
                                // setting the number of selectors
                                assembly { mstore(selectors, numSelectors) }
                              }
                              // setting the number of facets
                              assembly { mstore(diamondFacets, numFacets) }
                            }
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IDiamondLoupe
                             */
                            function facetFunctionSelectors (
                              address facet
                            ) external override view returns (bytes4[] memory selectors) {
                              DiamondBaseStorage.Layout storage l = DiamondBaseStorage.layout();
                              selectors = new bytes4[](l.selectorCount);
                              uint256 numSelectors;
                              uint256 selectorIndex;
                              // loop through function selectors
                              for (uint256 slotIndex; selectorIndex < l.selectorCount; slotIndex++) {
                                bytes32 slot = l.selectorSlots[slotIndex];
                                for (uint256 selectorSlotIndex; selectorSlotIndex < 8; selectorSlotIndex++) {
                                  selectorIndex++;
                                  if (selectorIndex > l.selectorCount) {
                                    break;
                                  }
                                  bytes4 selector = bytes4(slot << (selectorSlotIndex << 5));
                                  if (facet == address(bytes20(l.facets[selector]))) {
                                    selectors[numSelectors] = selector;
                                    numSelectors++;
                                  }
                                }
                              }
                              // set the number of selectors in the array
                              assembly { mstore(selectors, numSelectors) }
                            }
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IDiamondLoupe
                             */
                            function facetAddresses () external override view returns (address[] memory addresses) {
                              DiamondBaseStorage.Layout storage l = DiamondBaseStorage.layout();
                              addresses = new address[](l.selectorCount);
                              uint256 numFacets;
                              uint256 selectorIndex;
                              for (uint256 slotIndex; selectorIndex < l.selectorCount; slotIndex++) {
                                bytes32 slot = l.selectorSlots[slotIndex];
                                for (uint256 selectorSlotIndex; selectorSlotIndex < 8; selectorSlotIndex++) {
                                  selectorIndex++;
                                  if (selectorIndex > l.selectorCount) {
                                    break;
                                  }
                                  bytes4 selector = bytes4(slot << (selectorSlotIndex << 5));
                                  address facet = address(bytes20(l.facets[selector]));
                                  bool continueLoop;
                                  for (uint256 facetIndex; facetIndex < numFacets; facetIndex++) {
                                    if (facet == addresses[facetIndex]) {
                                      continueLoop = true;
                                      break;
                                    }
                                  }
                                  if (continueLoop) {
                                    continue;
                                  }
                                  addresses[numFacets] = facet;
                                  numFacets++;
                                }
                              }
                              // set the number of facet addresses in the array
                              assembly { mstore(addresses, numFacets) }
                            }
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IDiamondLoupe
                             */
                            function facetAddress (
                              bytes4 selector
                            ) external override view returns (address facet) {
                              facet = address(bytes20(
                                DiamondBaseStorage.layout().facets[selector]
                              ));
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {IERC173} from './IERC173.sol';
                          import {OwnableInternal} from './OwnableInternal.sol';
                          import {OwnableStorage} from './OwnableStorage.sol';
                          /**
                           * @title Ownership access control based on ERC173
                           */
                          abstract contract Ownable is IERC173, OwnableInternal {
                            using OwnableStorage for OwnableStorage.Layout;
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IERC173
                             */
                            function owner () virtual override public view returns (address) {
                              return OwnableStorage.layout().owner;
                            }
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IERC173
                             */
                            function transferOwnership (
                              address account
                            ) virtual override public onlyOwner {
                              OwnableStorage.layout().setOwner(account);
                              emit OwnershipTransferred(msg.sender, account);
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {SafeOwnableStorage} from './SafeOwnableStorage.sol';
                          abstract contract SafeOwnableInternal {
                            using SafeOwnableStorage for SafeOwnableStorage.Layout;
                            modifier onlyNomineeOwner () {
                              require(
                                msg.sender == SafeOwnableStorage.layout().nomineeOwner,
                                'SafeOwnable: sender must be nominee owner'
                              );
                              _;
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          library SafeOwnableStorage {
                            struct Layout {
                              address nomineeOwner;
                            }
                            bytes32 internal constant STORAGE_SLOT = keccak256(
                              'solidstate.contracts.storage.SafeOwnable'
                            );
                            function layout () internal pure returns (Layout storage l) {
                              bytes32 slot = STORAGE_SLOT;
                              assembly { l.slot := slot }
                            }
                            function setNomineeOwner (
                              Layout storage l,
                              address nomineeOwner
                            ) internal {
                              l.nomineeOwner = nomineeOwner;
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {OwnableStorage} from './OwnableStorage.sol';
                          abstract contract OwnableInternal {
                            using OwnableStorage for OwnableStorage.Layout;
                            modifier onlyOwner {
                              require(
                                msg.sender == OwnableStorage.layout().owner,
                                'Ownable: sender must be owner'
                              );
                              _;
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          library OwnableStorage {
                            struct Layout {
                              address owner;
                            }
                            bytes32 internal constant STORAGE_SLOT = keccak256(
                              'solidstate.contracts.storage.Ownable'
                            );
                            function layout () internal pure returns (Layout storage l) {
                              bytes32 slot = STORAGE_SLOT;
                              assembly { l.slot := slot }
                            }
                            function setOwner (
                              Layout storage l,
                              address owner
                            ) internal {
                              l.owner = owner;
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @title ERC165 interface registration interface
                           * @dev see https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165
                           */
                          interface IERC165 {
                            /**
                             * @notice query whether contract has registered support for given interface
                             * @param interfaceId interface id
                             * @return bool whether interface is supported
                             */
                            function supportsInterface (
                              bytes4 interfaceId
                            ) external view returns (bool);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          library ERC165Storage {
                            struct Layout {
                              // TODO: use EnumerableSet to allow post-diamond-cut auditing
                              mapping (bytes4 => bool) supportedInterfaces;
                            }
                            bytes32 internal constant STORAGE_SLOT = keccak256(
                              'solidstate.contracts.storage.ERC165'
                            );
                            function layout () internal pure returns (Layout storage l) {
                              bytes32 slot = STORAGE_SLOT;
                              assembly { l.slot := slot }
                            }
                            function isSupportedInterface (
                              Layout storage l,
                              bytes4 interfaceId
                            ) internal view returns (bool) {
                              return l.supportedInterfaces[interfaceId];
                            }
                            function setSupportedInterface (
                              Layout storage l,
                              bytes4 interfaceId,
                              bool status
                            ) internal {
                              require(interfaceId != 0xffffffff, 'ERC165: invalid interface id');
                              l.supportedInterfaces[interfaceId] = status;
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {AddressUtils} from '../utils/AddressUtils.sol';
                          /**
                           * @title Base proxy contract
                           */
                          abstract contract Proxy {
                            using AddressUtils for address;
                            /**
                             * @notice delegate all calls to implementation contract
                             * @dev reverts if implementation address contains no code, for compatibility with metamorphic contracts
                             * @dev memory location in use by assembly may be unsafe in other contexts
                             */
                            fallback () virtual external payable {
                              address implementation = _getImplementation();
                              require(
                                implementation.isContract(),
                                'Proxy: implementation must be contract'
                              );
                              assembly {
                                calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                                let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                                returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                                switch result
                                case 0 { revert(0, returndatasize()) }
                                default { return (0, returndatasize()) }
                              }
                            }
                            /**
                             * @notice get logic implementation address
                             * @return implementation address
                             */
                            function _getImplementation () virtual internal returns (address);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {AddressUtils} from '../../utils/AddressUtils.sol';
                          import {IDiamondCuttable} from './IDiamondCuttable.sol';
                          /**
                           * @dev derived from https://github.com/mudgen/diamond-2 (MIT license)
                           */
                          library DiamondBaseStorage {
                            using AddressUtils for address;
                            using DiamondBaseStorage for DiamondBaseStorage.Layout;
                            struct Layout {
                              // function selector => (facet address, selector slot position)
                              mapping (bytes4 => bytes32) facets;
                              // total number of selectors registered
                              uint16 selectorCount;
                              // array of selector slots with 8 selectors per slot
                              mapping (uint256 => bytes32) selectorSlots;
                              address fallbackAddress;
                            }
                            bytes32 constant CLEAR_ADDRESS_MASK = bytes32(uint256(0xffffffffffffffffffffffff));
                            bytes32 constant CLEAR_SELECTOR_MASK = bytes32(uint256(0xffffffff << 224));
                            bytes32 internal constant STORAGE_SLOT = keccak256(
                              'solidstate.contracts.storage.DiamondBase'
                            );
                            event DiamondCut (IDiamondCuttable.FacetCut[] facetCuts, address target, bytes data);
                            function layout () internal pure returns (Layout storage l) {
                              bytes32 slot = STORAGE_SLOT;
                              assembly { l.slot := slot }
                            }
                            /**
                             * @notice update functions callable on Diamond proxy
                             * @param l storage layout
                             * @param facetCuts array of structured Diamond facet update data
                             * @param target optional recipient of initialization delegatecall
                             * @param data optional initialization call data
                             */
                            function diamondCut(
                              Layout storage l,
                              IDiamondCuttable.FacetCut[] memory facetCuts,
                              address target,
                              bytes memory data
                            ) internal {
                              unchecked {
                                uint256 originalSelectorCount = l.selectorCount;
                                uint256 selectorCount = originalSelectorCount;
                                bytes32 selectorSlot;
                                // Check if last selector slot is not full
                                if (selectorCount & 7 > 0) {
                                  // get last selectorSlot
                                  selectorSlot = l.selectorSlots[selectorCount >> 3];
                                }
                                for (uint256 i; i < facetCuts.length; i++) {
                                  IDiamondCuttable.FacetCut memory facetCut = facetCuts[i];
                                  IDiamondCuttable.FacetCutAction action = facetCut.action;
                                  require(
                                    facetCut.selectors.length > 0,
                                    'DiamondBase: no selectors specified'
                                  );
                                  if (action == IDiamondCuttable.FacetCutAction.ADD) {
                                    (selectorCount, selectorSlot) = l.addFacetSelectors(
                                      selectorCount,
                                      selectorSlot,
                                      facetCut
                                    );
                                  } else if (action == IDiamondCuttable.FacetCutAction.REMOVE) {
                                    (selectorCount, selectorSlot) = l.removeFacetSelectors(
                                      selectorCount,
                                      selectorSlot,
                                      facetCut
                                    );
                                  } else if (action == IDiamondCuttable.FacetCutAction.REPLACE) {
                                    l.replaceFacetSelectors(facetCut);
                                  }
                                }
                                if (selectorCount != originalSelectorCount) {
                                  l.selectorCount = uint16(selectorCount);
                                }
                                // If last selector slot is not full
                                if (selectorCount & 7 > 0) {
                                  l.selectorSlots[selectorCount >> 3] = selectorSlot;
                                }
                                emit DiamondCut(facetCuts, target, data);
                                initialize(target, data);
                              }
                            }
                            function addFacetSelectors (
                              Layout storage l,
                              uint256 selectorCount,
                              bytes32 selectorSlot,
                              IDiamondCuttable.FacetCut memory facetCut
                            ) internal returns (uint256, bytes32) {
                              unchecked {
                                require(
                                  facetCut.target == address(this) || facetCut.target.isContract(),
                                  'DiamondBase: ADD target has no code'
                                );
                                for (uint256 i; i < facetCut.selectors.length; i++) {
                                  bytes4 selector = facetCut.selectors[i];
                                  bytes32 oldFacet = l.facets[selector];
                                  require(
                                    address(bytes20(oldFacet)) == address(0),
                                    'DiamondBase: selector already added'
                                  );
                                  // add facet for selector
                                  l.facets[selector] = bytes20(facetCut.target) | bytes32(selectorCount);
                                  uint256 selectorInSlotPosition = (selectorCount & 7) << 5;
                                  // clear selector position in slot and add selector
                                  selectorSlot = (
                                    selectorSlot & ~(CLEAR_SELECTOR_MASK >> selectorInSlotPosition)
                                  ) | (bytes32(selector) >> selectorInSlotPosition);
                                  // if slot is full then write it to storage
                                  if (selectorInSlotPosition == 224) {
                                    l.selectorSlots[selectorCount >> 3] = selectorSlot;
                                    selectorSlot = 0;
                                  }
                                  selectorCount++;
                                }
                                return (selectorCount, selectorSlot);
                              }
                            }
                            function removeFacetSelectors (
                              Layout storage l,
                              uint256 selectorCount,
                              bytes32 selectorSlot,
                              IDiamondCuttable.FacetCut memory facetCut
                            ) internal returns (uint256, bytes32) {
                              unchecked {
                                require(
                                  facetCut.target == address(0),
                                  'DiamondBase: REMOVE target must be zero address'
                                );
                                uint256 selectorSlotCount = selectorCount >> 3;
                                uint256 selectorInSlotIndex = selectorCount & 7;
                                for (uint256 i; i < facetCut.selectors.length; i++) {
                                  bytes4 selector = facetCut.selectors[i];
                                  bytes32 oldFacet = l.facets[selector];
                                  require(
                                    address(bytes20(oldFacet)) != address(0),
                                    'DiamondBase: selector not found'
                                  );
                                  require(
                                    address(bytes20(oldFacet)) != address(this),
                                    'DiamondBase: selector is immutable'
                                  );
                                  if (selectorSlot == 0) {
                                    selectorSlotCount--;
                                    selectorSlot = l.selectorSlots[selectorSlotCount];
                                    selectorInSlotIndex = 7;
                                  } else {
                                    selectorInSlotIndex--;
                                  }
                                  bytes4 lastSelector;
                                  uint256 oldSelectorsSlotCount;
                                  uint256 oldSelectorInSlotPosition;
                                  // adding a block here prevents stack too deep error
                                  {
                                    // replace selector with last selector in l.facets
                                    lastSelector = bytes4(selectorSlot << (selectorInSlotIndex << 5));
                                    if (lastSelector != selector) {
                                      // update last selector slot position info
                                      l.facets[lastSelector] = (
                                        oldFacet & CLEAR_ADDRESS_MASK
                                      ) | bytes20(l.facets[lastSelector]);
                                    }
                                    delete l.facets[selector];
                                    uint256 oldSelectorCount = uint16(uint256(oldFacet));
                                    oldSelectorsSlotCount = oldSelectorCount >> 3;
                                    oldSelectorInSlotPosition = (oldSelectorCount & 7) << 5;
                                  }
                                  if (oldSelectorsSlotCount != selectorSlotCount) {
                                    bytes32 oldSelectorSlot = l.selectorSlots[oldSelectorsSlotCount];
                                    // clears the selector we are deleting and puts the last selector in its place.
                                    oldSelectorSlot = (
                                      oldSelectorSlot & ~(CLEAR_SELECTOR_MASK >> oldSelectorInSlotPosition)
                                    ) | (bytes32(lastSelector) >> oldSelectorInSlotPosition);
                                    // update storage with the modified slot
                                    l.selectorSlots[oldSelectorsSlotCount] = oldSelectorSlot;
                                  } else {
                                    // clears the selector we are deleting and puts the last selector in its place.
                                    selectorSlot = (
                                      selectorSlot & ~(CLEAR_SELECTOR_MASK >> oldSelectorInSlotPosition)
                                    ) | (bytes32(lastSelector) >> oldSelectorInSlotPosition);
                                  }
                                  if (selectorInSlotIndex == 0) {
                                    delete l.selectorSlots[selectorSlotCount];
                                    selectorSlot = 0;
                                  }
                                }
                                selectorCount = (selectorSlotCount << 3) | selectorInSlotIndex;
                                return (selectorCount, selectorSlot);
                              }
                            }
                            function replaceFacetSelectors (
                              Layout storage l,
                              IDiamondCuttable.FacetCut memory facetCut
                            ) internal {
                              unchecked {
                                require(
                                  facetCut.target.isContract(),
                                  'DiamondBase: REPLACE target has no code'
                                );
                                for (uint256 i; i < facetCut.selectors.length; i++) {
                                  bytes4 selector = facetCut.selectors[i];
                                  bytes32 oldFacet = l.facets[selector];
                                  address oldFacetAddress = address(bytes20(oldFacet));
                                  require(
                                    oldFacetAddress != address(0),
                                    'DiamondBase: selector not found'
                                  );
                                  require(
                                    oldFacetAddress != address(this),
                                    'DiamondBase: selector is immutable'
                                  );
                                  require(
                                    oldFacetAddress != facetCut.target,
                                    'DiamondBase: REPLACE target is identical'
                                  );
                                  // replace old facet address
                                  l.facets[selector] = (oldFacet & CLEAR_ADDRESS_MASK) | bytes20(facetCut.target);
                                }
                              }
                            }
                            function initialize (
                              address target,
                              bytes memory data
                            ) private {
                              require(
                                (target == address(0)) == (data.length == 0),
                                'DiamondBase: invalid initialization parameters'
                              );
                              if (target != address(0)) {
                                if (target != address(this)) {
                                  require(
                                    target.isContract(),
                                    'DiamondBase: initialization target has no code'
                                  );
                                }
                                (bool success, ) = target.delegatecall(data);
                                if (!success) {
                                  assembly {
                                    returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                                    revert(0, returndatasize())
                                  }
                                }
                              }
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @title Diamond proxy introspection interface
                           * @dev see https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2535
                           */
                          interface IDiamondLoupe {
                            struct Facet {
                              address target;
                              bytes4[] selectors;
                            }
                            /**
                             * @notice get all facets and their selectors
                             * @return diamondFacets array of structured facet data
                             */
                            function facets () external view returns (Facet[] memory diamondFacets);
                            /**
                             * @notice get all selectors for given facet address
                             * @param facet address of facet to query
                             * @return selectors array of function selectors
                             */
                            function facetFunctionSelectors (
                              address facet
                            ) external view returns (bytes4[] memory selectors);
                            /**
                             * @notice get addresses of all facets used by diamond
                             * @return addresses array of facet addresses
                             */
                            function facetAddresses () external view returns (address[] memory addresses);
                            /**
                             * @notice get the address of the facet associated with given selector
                             * @param selector function selector to query
                             * @return facet facet address (zero address if not found)
                             */
                            function facetAddress (
                              bytes4 selector
                            ) external view returns (address facet);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @title Diamond proxy upgrade interface
                           * @dev see https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2535
                           */
                          interface IDiamondCuttable {
                            enum FacetCutAction { ADD, REPLACE, REMOVE }
                            event DiamondCut (FacetCut[] facetCuts, address target, bytes data);
                            struct FacetCut {
                              address target;
                              FacetCutAction action;
                              bytes4[] selectors;
                            }
                            /**
                             * @notice update diamond facets and optionally execute arbitrary initialization function
                             * @param facetCuts facet addresses, actions, and function selectors
                             * @param target initialization function target
                             * @param data initialization function call data
                             */
                            function diamondCut (
                              FacetCut[] calldata facetCuts,
                              address target,
                              bytes calldata data
                            ) external;
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          library AddressUtils {
                            function toString (address account) internal pure returns (string memory) {
                              bytes32 value = bytes32(uint256(uint160(account)));
                              bytes memory alphabet = '0123456789abcdef';
                              bytes memory chars = new bytes(42);
                              chars[0] = '0';
                              chars[1] = 'x';
                              for (uint256 i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                                chars[2 + i * 2] = alphabet[uint8(value[i + 12] >> 4)];
                                chars[3 + i * 2] = alphabet[uint8(value[i + 12] & 0x0f)];
                              }
                              return string(chars);
                            }
                            function isContract (address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                              uint size;
                              assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
                              return size > 0;
                            }
                            function sendValue (address payable account, uint amount) internal {
                              (bool success, ) = account.call{ value: amount }('');
                              require(success, 'AddressUtils: failed to send value');
                            }
                            function functionCall (address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                              return functionCall(target, data, 'AddressUtils: failed low-level call');
                            }
                            function functionCall (address target, bytes memory data, string memory error) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                              return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, error);
                            }
                            function functionCallWithValue (address target, bytes memory data, uint value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                              return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, 'AddressUtils: failed low-level call with value');
                            }
                            function functionCallWithValue (address target, bytes memory data, uint value, string memory error) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                              require(address(this).balance >= value, 'AddressUtils: insufficient balance for call');
                              return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, error);
                            }
                            function _functionCallWithValue (address target, bytes memory data, uint value, string memory error) private returns (bytes memory) {
                              require(isContract(target), 'AddressUtils: function call to non-contract');
                              (bool success, bytes memory returnData) = target.call{ value: value }(data);
                              if (success) {
                                return returnData;
                              } else if (returnData.length > 0) {
                                assembly {
                                  let returnData_size := mload(returnData)
                                  revert(add(32, returnData), returnData_size)
                                }
                              } else {
                                revert(error);
                              }
                            }
                          }
                          

                          File 3 of 9: TransparentUpgradeableProxy
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/transparent/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol)
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import "../ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol";
                          /**
                           * @dev This contract implements a proxy that is upgradeable by an admin.
                           *
                           * To avoid https://medium.com/nomic-labs-blog/malicious-backdoors-in-ethereum-proxies-62629adf3357[proxy selector
                           * clashing], which can potentially be used in an attack, this contract uses the
                           * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/the-transparent-proxy-pattern/[transparent proxy pattern]. This pattern implies two
                           * things that go hand in hand:
                           *
                           * 1. If any account other than the admin calls the proxy, the call will be forwarded to the implementation, even if
                           * that call matches one of the admin functions exposed by the proxy itself.
                           * 2. If the admin calls the proxy, it can access the admin functions, but its calls will never be forwarded to the
                           * implementation. If the admin tries to call a function on the implementation it will fail with an error that says
                           * "admin cannot fallback to proxy target".
                           *
                           * These properties mean that the admin account can only be used for admin actions like upgrading the proxy or changing
                           * the admin, so it's best if it's a dedicated account that is not used for anything else. This will avoid headaches due
                           * to sudden errors when trying to call a function from the proxy implementation.
                           *
                           * Our recommendation is for the dedicated account to be an instance of the {ProxyAdmin} contract. If set up this way,
                           * you should think of the `ProxyAdmin` instance as the real administrative interface of your proxy.
                           */
                          contract TransparentUpgradeableProxy is ERC1967Proxy {
                              /**
                               * @dev Initializes an upgradeable proxy managed by `_admin`, backed by the implementation at `_logic`, and
                               * optionally initialized with `_data` as explained in {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
                               */
                              constructor(
                                  address _logic,
                                  address admin_,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) payable ERC1967Proxy(_logic, _data) {
                                  assert(_ADMIN_SLOT == bytes32(uint256(keccak256("eip1967.proxy.admin")) - 1));
                                  _changeAdmin(admin_);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Modifier used internally that will delegate the call to the implementation unless the sender is the admin.
                               */
                              modifier ifAdmin() {
                                  if (msg.sender == _getAdmin()) {
                                      _;
                                  } else {
                                      _fallback();
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current admin.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-getProxyAdmin}.
                               *
                               * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
                               * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
                               * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
                               */
                              function admin() external ifAdmin returns (address admin_) {
                                  admin_ = _getAdmin();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current implementation.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-getProxyImplementation}.
                               *
                               * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
                               * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
                               * `0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc`
                               */
                              function implementation() external ifAdmin returns (address implementation_) {
                                  implementation_ = _implementation();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
                               *
                               * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-changeProxyAdmin}.
                               */
                              function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) external virtual ifAdmin {
                                  _changeAdmin(newAdmin);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-upgrade}.
                               */
                              function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) external ifAdmin {
                                  _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, bytes(""), false);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy, and then call a function from the new implementation as specified
                               * by `data`, which should be an encoded function call. This is useful to initialize new storage variables in the
                               * proxied contract.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-upgradeAndCall}.
                               */
                              function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes calldata data) external payable ifAdmin {
                                  _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, true);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current admin.
                               */
                              function _admin() internal view virtual returns (address) {
                                  return _getAdmin();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Makes sure the admin cannot access the fallback function. See {Proxy-_beforeFallback}.
                               */
                              function _beforeFallback() internal virtual override {
                                  require(msg.sender != _getAdmin(), "TransparentUpgradeableProxy: admin cannot fallback to proxy target");
                                  super._beforeFallback();
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import "../Proxy.sol";
                          import "./ERC1967Upgrade.sol";
                          /**
                           * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
                           * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
                           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
                           * implementation behind the proxy.
                           */
                          contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy, ERC1967Upgrade {
                              /**
                               * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
                               *
                               * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
                               * function call, and allows initializating the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
                               */
                              constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) payable {
                                  assert(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT == bytes32(uint256(keccak256("eip1967.proxy.implementation")) - 1));
                                  _upgradeToAndCall(_logic, _data, false);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
                               */
                              function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
                                  return ERC1967Upgrade._getImplementation();
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
                           * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
                           * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
                           *
                           * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
                           * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
                           *
                           * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
                           */
                          abstract contract Proxy {
                              /**
                               * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
                               *
                               * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                               */
                              function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
                                  assembly {
                                      // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
                                      // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
                                      // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
                                      calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                                      // Call the implementation.
                                      // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
                                      let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                                      // Copy the returned data.
                                      returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                                      switch result
                                      // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
                                      case 0 {
                                          revert(0, returndatasize())
                                      }
                                      default {
                                          return(0, returndatasize())
                                      }
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overriden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
                               * and {_fallback} should delegate.
                               */
                              function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
                              /**
                               * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
                               *
                               * This function does not return to its internall call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                               */
                              function _fallback() internal virtual {
                                  _beforeFallback();
                                  _delegate(_implementation());
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
                               * function in the contract matches the call data.
                               */
                              fallback() external payable virtual {
                                  _fallback();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
                               * is empty.
                               */
                              receive() external payable virtual {
                                  _fallback();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
                               * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
                               *
                               * If overriden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
                               */
                              function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {}
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
                          import "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
                          import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
                          import "../../utils/Address.sol";
                          import "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";
                          /**
                           * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
                           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
                           *
                           * _Available since v4.1._
                           *
                           * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow delegatecall
                           */
                          abstract contract ERC1967Upgrade {
                              // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
                              bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;
                              /**
                               * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
                               * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
                               * validated in the constructor.
                               */
                              bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
                              /**
                               * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
                               */
                              event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
                               */
                              function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
                                  return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
                               */
                              function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
                                  require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
                                  StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
                               *
                               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
                               */
                              function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
                                  _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                                  emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
                               *
                               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
                               */
                              function _upgradeToAndCall(
                                  address newImplementation,
                                  bytes memory data,
                                  bool forceCall
                              ) internal {
                                  _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
                                  if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                                      Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
                               *
                               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
                               */
                              function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(
                                  address newImplementation,
                                  bytes memory data,
                                  bool forceCall
                              ) internal {
                                  // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
                                  // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
                                  // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
                                  if (StorageSlot.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
                                      _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                                  } else {
                                      try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                                          require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
                                      } catch {
                                          revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
                                      }
                                      _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
                               * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
                               * validated in the constructor.
                               */
                              bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
                              /**
                               * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
                               */
                              event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current admin.
                               */
                              function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
                                  return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
                               */
                              function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
                                  require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
                                  StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
                               *
                               * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
                               */
                              function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
                                  emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
                                  _setAdmin(newAdmin);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
                               * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
                               */
                              bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;
                              /**
                               * @dev Emitted when the beacon is upgraded.
                               */
                              event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current beacon.
                               */
                              function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
                                  return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
                               */
                              function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
                                  require(Address.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
                                  require(
                                      Address.isContract(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation()),
                                      "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
                                  );
                                  StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
                               * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
                               *
                               * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
                               */
                              function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(
                                  address newBeacon,
                                  bytes memory data,
                                  bool forceCall
                              ) internal {
                                  _setBeacon(newBeacon);
                                  emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
                                  if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
                                      Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
                           */
                          interface IBeacon {
                              /**
                               * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
                               *
                               * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
                               */
                              function implementation() external view returns (address);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
                           * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
                           */
                          interface IERC1822Proxiable {
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
                               * address.
                               *
                               * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
                               * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
                               * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
                               */
                              function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/Address.sol)
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
                          /**
                           * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
                           */
                          library Address {
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
                               *
                               * [IMPORTANT]
                               * ====
                               * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
                               * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
                               *
                               * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
                               * types of addresses:
                               *
                               *  - an externally-owned account
                               *  - a contract in construction
                               *  - an address where a contract will be created
                               *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                               * ====
                               *
                               * [IMPORTANT]
                               * ====
                               * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
                               *
                               * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
                               * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
                               * constructor.
                               * ====
                               */
                              function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                                  // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
                                  // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
                                  // of the constructor execution.
                                  return account.code.length > 0;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                               * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                               *
                               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                               * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                               * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                               * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                               *
                               * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                               *
                               * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                               * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                               * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                               * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                               */
                              function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                                  require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                                  (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                                  require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                               * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                               * function instead.
                               *
                               * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
                               * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
                               *
                               * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                               * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `target` must be a contract.
                               * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
                               * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCall(
                                  address target,
                                  bytes memory data,
                                  string memory errorMessage
                              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                               * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCallWithValue(
                                  address target,
                                  bytes memory data,
                                  uint256 value
                              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
                               * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCallWithValue(
                                  address target,
                                  bytes memory data,
                                  uint256 value,
                                  string memory errorMessage
                              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
                                  return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a static call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.3._
                               */
                              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a static call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.3._
                               */
                              function functionStaticCall(
                                  address target,
                                  bytes memory data,
                                  string memory errorMessage
                              ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                                  return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a delegate call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a delegate call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function functionDelegateCall(
                                  address target,
                                  bytes memory data,
                                  string memory errorMessage
                              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                                  return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
                               * revert reason using the provided one.
                               *
                               * _Available since v4.3._
                               */
                              function verifyCallResult(
                                  bool success,
                                  bytes memory returndata,
                                  string memory errorMessage
                              ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                                  if (success) {
                                      return returndata;
                                  } else {
                                      // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                                      if (returndata.length > 0) {
                                          // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                                          assembly {
                                              let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                                              revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                                          }
                                      } else {
                                          revert(errorMessage);
                                      }
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
                           *
                           * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
                           * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
                           *
                           * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
                           *
                           * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
                           * ```
                           * contract ERC1967 {
                           *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
                           *
                           *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
                           *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
                           *     }
                           *
                           *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
                           *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
                           *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
                           *     }
                           * }
                           * ```
                           *
                           * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, and `uint256`._
                           */
                          library StorageSlot {
                              struct AddressSlot {
                                  address value;
                              }
                              struct BooleanSlot {
                                  bool value;
                              }
                              struct Bytes32Slot {
                                  bytes32 value;
                              }
                              struct Uint256Slot {
                                  uint256 value;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                               */
                              function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
                                  assembly {
                                      r.slot := slot
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                               */
                              function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
                                  assembly {
                                      r.slot := slot
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                               */
                              function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
                                  assembly {
                                      r.slot := slot
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
                               */
                              function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
                                  assembly {
                                      r.slot := slot
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          

                          File 4 of 9: TransparentUpgradeableProxy
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
                           * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
                           * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
                           *
                           * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
                           * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
                           *
                           * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
                           */
                          abstract contract Proxy {
                              /**
                               * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
                               *
                               * This function does not return to its internall call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                               */
                              function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
                                      // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
                                      // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
                                      calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                                      // Call the implementation.
                                      // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
                                      let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                                      // Copy the returned data.
                                      returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                                      switch result
                                      // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
                                      case 0 { revert(0, returndatasize()) }
                                      default { return(0, returndatasize()) }
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overriden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
                               * and {_fallback} should delegate.
                               */
                              function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
                              /**
                               * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
                               *
                               * This function does not return to its internall call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                               */
                              function _fallback() internal virtual {
                                  _beforeFallback();
                                  _delegate(_implementation());
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
                               * function in the contract matches the call data.
                               */
                              fallback () external payable virtual {
                                  _fallback();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
                               * is empty.
                               */
                              receive () external payable virtual {
                                  _fallback();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
                               * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
                               *
                               * If overriden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
                               */
                              function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          import "./UpgradeableProxy.sol";
                          /**
                           * @dev This contract implements a proxy that is upgradeable by an admin.
                           *
                           * To avoid https://medium.com/nomic-labs-blog/malicious-backdoors-in-ethereum-proxies-62629adf3357[proxy selector
                           * clashing], which can potentially be used in an attack, this contract uses the
                           * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/the-transparent-proxy-pattern/[transparent proxy pattern]. This pattern implies two
                           * things that go hand in hand:
                           *
                           * 1. If any account other than the admin calls the proxy, the call will be forwarded to the implementation, even if
                           * that call matches one of the admin functions exposed by the proxy itself.
                           * 2. If the admin calls the proxy, it can access the admin functions, but its calls will never be forwarded to the
                           * implementation. If the admin tries to call a function on the implementation it will fail with an error that says
                           * "admin cannot fallback to proxy target".
                           *
                           * These properties mean that the admin account can only be used for admin actions like upgrading the proxy or changing
                           * the admin, so it's best if it's a dedicated account that is not used for anything else. This will avoid headaches due
                           * to sudden errors when trying to call a function from the proxy implementation.
                           *
                           * Our recommendation is for the dedicated account to be an instance of the {ProxyAdmin} contract. If set up this way,
                           * you should think of the `ProxyAdmin` instance as the real administrative interface of your proxy.
                           */
                          contract TransparentUpgradeableProxy is UpgradeableProxy {
                              /**
                               * @dev Initializes an upgradeable proxy managed by `_admin`, backed by the implementation at `_logic`, and
                               * optionally initialized with `_data` as explained in {UpgradeableProxy-constructor}.
                               */
                              constructor(address _logic, address admin_, bytes memory _data) public payable UpgradeableProxy(_logic, _data) {
                                  assert(_ADMIN_SLOT == bytes32(uint256(keccak256("eip1967.proxy.admin")) - 1));
                                  _setAdmin(admin_);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
                               */
                              event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
                              /**
                               * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
                               * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
                               * validated in the constructor.
                               */
                              bytes32 private constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
                              /**
                               * @dev Modifier used internally that will delegate the call to the implementation unless the sender is the admin.
                               */
                              modifier ifAdmin() {
                                  if (msg.sender == _admin()) {
                                      _;
                                  } else {
                                      _fallback();
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current admin.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-getProxyAdmin}.
                               *
                               * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
                               * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
                               * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
                               */
                              function admin() external ifAdmin returns (address admin_) {
                                  admin_ = _admin();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current implementation.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-getProxyImplementation}.
                               *
                               * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
                               * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
                               * `0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc`
                               */
                              function implementation() external ifAdmin returns (address implementation_) {
                                  implementation_ = _implementation();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
                               *
                               * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-changeProxyAdmin}.
                               */
                              function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) external virtual ifAdmin {
                                  require(newAdmin != address(0), "TransparentUpgradeableProxy: new admin is the zero address");
                                  emit AdminChanged(_admin(), newAdmin);
                                  _setAdmin(newAdmin);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-upgrade}.
                               */
                              function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) external virtual ifAdmin {
                                  _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy, and then call a function from the new implementation as specified
                               * by `data`, which should be an encoded function call. This is useful to initialize new storage variables in the
                               * proxied contract.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-upgradeAndCall}.
                               */
                              function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes calldata data) external payable virtual ifAdmin {
                                  _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
                                  Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current admin.
                               */
                              function _admin() internal view virtual returns (address adm) {
                                  bytes32 slot = _ADMIN_SLOT;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      adm := sload(slot)
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
                               */
                              function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
                                  bytes32 slot = _ADMIN_SLOT;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      sstore(slot, newAdmin)
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Makes sure the admin cannot access the fallback function. See {Proxy-_beforeFallback}.
                               */
                              function _beforeFallback() internal virtual override {
                                  require(msg.sender != _admin(), "TransparentUpgradeableProxy: admin cannot fallback to proxy target");
                                  super._beforeFallback();
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          import "./Proxy.sol";
                          import "../utils/Address.sol";
                          /**
                           * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
                           * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
                           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
                           * implementation behind the proxy.
                           *
                           * Upgradeability is only provided internally through {_upgradeTo}. For an externally upgradeable proxy see
                           * {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}.
                           */
                          contract UpgradeableProxy is Proxy {
                              /**
                               * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
                               *
                               * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
                               * function call, and allows initializating the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
                               */
                              constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) public payable {
                                  assert(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT == bytes32(uint256(keccak256("eip1967.proxy.implementation")) - 1));
                                  _setImplementation(_logic);
                                  if(_data.length > 0) {
                                      Address.functionDelegateCall(_logic, _data);
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
                               */
                              event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
                              /**
                               * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
                               * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
                               * validated in the constructor.
                               */
                              bytes32 private constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
                               */
                              function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
                                  bytes32 slot = _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      impl := sload(slot)
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Upgrades the proxy to a new implementation.
                               *
                               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
                               */
                              function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal virtual {
                                  _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                                  emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
                               */
                              function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
                                  require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "UpgradeableProxy: new implementation is not a contract");
                                  bytes32 slot = _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      sstore(slot, newImplementation)
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
                           */
                          library Address {
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
                               *
                               * [IMPORTANT]
                               * ====
                               * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
                               * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
                               *
                               * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
                               * types of addresses:
                               *
                               *  - an externally-owned account
                               *  - a contract in construction
                               *  - an address where a contract will be created
                               *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                               * ====
                               */
                              function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                                  // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
                                  // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
                                  // constructor execution.
                                  uint256 size;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
                                  return size > 0;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                               * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                               *
                               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                               * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                               * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                               * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                               *
                               * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                               *
                               * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                               * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                               * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                               * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                               */
                              function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                                  require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
                                  (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
                                  require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                               * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                               * function instead.
                               *
                               * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
                               * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
                               *
                               * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                               * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `target` must be a contract.
                               * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
                               * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                               * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
                               * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{ value: value }(data);
                                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a static call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.3._
                               */
                              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a static call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.3._
                               */
                              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a delegate call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a delegate call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              function _verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure returns(bytes memory) {
                                  if (success) {
                                      return returndata;
                                  } else {
                                      // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                                      if (returndata.length > 0) {
                                          // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                                          // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                          assembly {
                                              let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                                              revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                                          }
                                      } else {
                                          revert(errorMessage);
                                      }
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          

                          File 5 of 9: TransparentUpgradeableProxy
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          import "./UpgradeableProxy.sol";
                          /**
                           * @dev This contract implements a proxy that is upgradeable by an admin.
                           *
                           * To avoid https://medium.com/nomic-labs-blog/malicious-backdoors-in-ethereum-proxies-62629adf3357[proxy selector
                           * clashing], which can potentially be used in an attack, this contract uses the
                           * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/the-transparent-proxy-pattern/[transparent proxy pattern]. This pattern implies two
                           * things that go hand in hand:
                           *
                           * 1. If any account other than the admin calls the proxy, the call will be forwarded to the implementation, even if
                           * that call matches one of the admin functions exposed by the proxy itself.
                           * 2. If the admin calls the proxy, it can access the admin functions, but its calls will never be forwarded to the
                           * implementation. If the admin tries to call a function on the implementation it will fail with an error that says
                           * "admin cannot fallback to proxy target".
                           *
                           * These properties mean that the admin account can only be used for admin actions like upgrading the proxy or changing
                           * the admin, so it's best if it's a dedicated account that is not used for anything else. This will avoid headaches due
                           * to sudden errors when trying to call a function from the proxy implementation.
                           *
                           * Our recommendation is for the dedicated account to be an instance of the {ProxyAdmin} contract. If set up this way,
                           * you should think of the `ProxyAdmin` instance as the real administrative interface of your proxy.
                           */
                          contract TransparentUpgradeableProxy is UpgradeableProxy {
                              /**
                               * @dev Initializes an upgradeable proxy managed by `_admin`, backed by the implementation at `_logic`, and
                               * optionally initialized with `_data` as explained in {UpgradeableProxy-constructor}.
                               */
                              constructor(address _logic, address admin_, bytes memory _data) public payable UpgradeableProxy(_logic, _data) {
                                  assert(_ADMIN_SLOT == bytes32(uint256(keccak256("eip1967.proxy.admin")) - 1));
                                  _setAdmin(admin_);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
                               */
                              event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);
                              /**
                               * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
                               * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
                               * validated in the constructor.
                               */
                              bytes32 private constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
                              /**
                               * @dev Modifier used internally that will delegate the call to the implementation unless the sender is the admin.
                               */
                              modifier ifAdmin() {
                                  if (msg.sender == _admin()) {
                                      _;
                                  } else {
                                      _fallback();
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current admin.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-getProxyAdmin}.
                               *
                               * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
                               * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
                               * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
                               */
                              function admin() external ifAdmin returns (address admin_) {
                                  admin_ = _admin();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current implementation.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-getProxyImplementation}.
                               *
                               * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
                               * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
                               * `0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc`
                               */
                              function implementation() external ifAdmin returns (address implementation_) {
                                  implementation_ = _implementation();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
                               *
                               * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-changeProxyAdmin}.
                               */
                              function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) external virtual ifAdmin {
                                  require(newAdmin != address(0), "TransparentUpgradeableProxy: new admin is the zero address");
                                  emit AdminChanged(_admin(), newAdmin);
                                  _setAdmin(newAdmin);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-upgrade}.
                               */
                              function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) external virtual ifAdmin {
                                  _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy, and then call a function from the new implementation as specified
                               * by `data`, which should be an encoded function call. This is useful to initialize new storage variables in the
                               * proxied contract.
                               *
                               * NOTE: Only the admin can call this function. See {ProxyAdmin-upgradeAndCall}.
                               */
                              function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes calldata data) external payable virtual ifAdmin {
                                  _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
                                  Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current admin.
                               */
                              function _admin() internal view virtual returns (address adm) {
                                  bytes32 slot = _ADMIN_SLOT;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      adm := sload(slot)
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
                               */
                              function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
                                  bytes32 slot = _ADMIN_SLOT;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      sstore(slot, newAdmin)
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Makes sure the admin cannot access the fallback function. See {Proxy-_beforeFallback}.
                               */
                              function _beforeFallback() internal virtual override {
                                  require(msg.sender != _admin(), "TransparentUpgradeableProxy: admin cannot fallback to proxy target");
                                  super._beforeFallback();
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          import "./Proxy.sol";
                          import "../utils/Address.sol";
                          /**
                           * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
                           * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
                           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
                           * implementation behind the proxy.
                           *
                           * Upgradeability is only provided internally through {_upgradeTo}. For an externally upgradeable proxy see
                           * {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}.
                           */
                          contract UpgradeableProxy is Proxy {
                              /**
                               * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
                               *
                               * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
                               * function call, and allows initializating the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
                               */
                              constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) public payable {
                                  assert(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT == bytes32(uint256(keccak256("eip1967.proxy.implementation")) - 1));
                                  _setImplementation(_logic);
                                  if(_data.length > 0) {
                                      Address.functionDelegateCall(_logic, _data);
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
                               */
                              event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);
                              /**
                               * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
                               * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
                               * validated in the constructor.
                               */
                              bytes32 private constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
                               */
                              function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
                                  bytes32 slot = _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      impl := sload(slot)
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Upgrades the proxy to a new implementation.
                               *
                               * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
                               */
                              function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal virtual {
                                  _setImplementation(newImplementation);
                                  emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
                               */
                              function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
                                  require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "UpgradeableProxy: new implementation is not a contract");
                                  bytes32 slot = _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      sstore(slot, newImplementation)
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
                           * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
                           * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
                           *
                           * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
                           * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
                           *
                           * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
                           */
                          abstract contract Proxy {
                              /**
                               * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
                               *
                               * This function does not return to its internall call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                               */
                              function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
                                      // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
                                      // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
                                      calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
                                      // Call the implementation.
                                      // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
                                      let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
                                      // Copy the returned data.
                                      returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
                                      switch result
                                      // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
                                      case 0 { revert(0, returndatasize()) }
                                      default { return(0, returndatasize()) }
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overriden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
                               * and {_fallback} should delegate.
                               */
                              function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);
                              /**
                               * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
                               *
                               * This function does not return to its internall call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
                               */
                              function _fallback() internal virtual {
                                  _beforeFallback();
                                  _delegate(_implementation());
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
                               * function in the contract matches the call data.
                               */
                              fallback () external payable virtual {
                                  _fallback();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
                               * is empty.
                               */
                              receive () external payable virtual {
                                  _fallback();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
                               * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
                               *
                               * If overriden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
                               */
                              function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
                           */
                          library Address {
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
                               *
                               * [IMPORTANT]
                               * ====
                               * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
                               * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
                               *
                               * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
                               * types of addresses:
                               *
                               *  - an externally-owned account
                               *  - a contract in construction
                               *  - an address where a contract will be created
                               *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                               * ====
                               */
                              function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                                  // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
                                  // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
                                  // constructor execution.
                                  uint256 size;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
                                  return size > 0;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                               * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                               *
                               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                               * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                               * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                               * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                               *
                               * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                               *
                               * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                               * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                               * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                               * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                               */
                              function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                                  require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
                                  (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
                                  require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                               * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                               * function instead.
                               *
                               * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
                               * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
                               *
                               * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                               * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `target` must be a contract.
                               * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
                               * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                               * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
                               * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{ value: value }(data);
                                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a static call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.3._
                               */
                              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a static call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.3._
                               */
                              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a delegate call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a delegate call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              function _verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure returns(bytes memory) {
                                  if (success) {
                                      return returndata;
                                  } else {
                                      // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                                      if (returndata.length > 0) {
                                          // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                                          // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                          assembly {
                                              let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                                              revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                                          }
                                      } else {
                                          revert(errorMessage);
                                      }
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          

                          File 6 of 9: L1GatewayRouter
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          import "arb-bridge-eth/contracts/libraries/Whitelist.sol";
                          import { ArbitrumEnabledToken } from "../ICustomToken.sol";
                          import "../L1ArbitrumMessenger.sol";
                          import "../../libraries/gateway/GatewayRouter.sol";
                          import "../../arbitrum/gateway/L2GatewayRouter.sol";
                          import "../../libraries/ERC165.sol";
                          import "./IL1GatewayRouter.sol";
                          import "./IL1ArbitrumGateway.sol";
                          /**
                           * @title Handles deposits from Erhereum into Arbitrum. Tokens are routered to their appropriate L1 gateway (Router itself also conforms to the Gateway itnerface).
                           * @notice Router also serves as an L1-L2 token address oracle.
                           */
                          contract L1GatewayRouter is
                              WhitelistConsumer,
                              L1ArbitrumMessenger,
                              GatewayRouter,
                              ERC165,
                              IL1GatewayRouter
                          {
                              address public override owner;
                              address public override inbox;
                              modifier onlyOwner() {
                                  require(msg.sender == owner, "ONLY_OWNER");
                                  _;
                              }
                              function initialize(
                                  address _owner,
                                  address _defaultGateway,
                                  address, // was _whitelist, now unused
                                  address _counterpartGateway,
                                  address _inbox
                              ) public {
                                  GatewayRouter._initialize(_counterpartGateway, address(0), _defaultGateway);
                                  owner = _owner;
                                  WhitelistConsumer.whitelist = address(0);
                                  inbox = _inbox;
                              }
                              function setDefaultGateway(
                                  address newL1DefaultGateway,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  uint256 _maxSubmissionCost
                              ) external payable onlyOwner returns (uint256) {
                                  defaultGateway = newL1DefaultGateway;
                                  emit DefaultGatewayUpdated(newL1DefaultGateway);
                                  address l2NewDefaultGateway;
                                  if (newL1DefaultGateway != address(0)) {
                                      l2NewDefaultGateway = TokenGateway(newL1DefaultGateway).counterpartGateway();
                                  }
                                  bytes memory data = abi.encodeWithSelector(
                                      L2GatewayRouter.setDefaultGateway.selector,
                                      l2NewDefaultGateway
                                  );
                                  return
                                      sendTxToL2(
                                          inbox,
                                          counterpartGateway,
                                          msg.sender,
                                          msg.value,
                                          0,
                                          L2GasParams({
                                              _maxSubmissionCost: _maxSubmissionCost,
                                              _maxGas: _maxGas,
                                              _gasPriceBid: _gasPriceBid
                                          }),
                                          data
                                      );
                              }
                              function setOwner(address newOwner) external onlyOwner {
                                  require(newOwner != address(0), "INVALID_OWNER");
                                  // set newOwner to address(1) to disable owner and keep `initialize` safe
                                  owner = newOwner;
                              }
                              function _setGateways(
                                  address[] memory _token,
                                  address[] memory _gateway,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  uint256 _maxSubmissionCost,
                                  address _creditBackAddress
                              ) internal returns (uint256) {
                                  require(_token.length == _gateway.length, "WRONG_LENGTH");
                                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < _token.length; i++) {
                                      l1TokenToGateway[_token[i]] = _gateway[i];
                                      emit GatewaySet(_token[i], _gateway[i]);
                                      // overwrite memory so the L2 router receives the L2 address of each gateway
                                      if (_gateway[i] != address(0) && _gateway[i] != DISABLED) {
                                          // if we are assigning a gateway to the token, the address oracle of the gateway
                                          // must return something other than the 0 address
                                          // this check helps avoid misconfiguring gateways
                                          require(
                                              TokenGateway(_gateway[i]).calculateL2TokenAddress(_token[i]) != address(0),
                                              "TOKEN_NOT_HANDLED_BY_GATEWAY"
                                          );
                                          _gateway[i] = TokenGateway(_gateway[i]).counterpartGateway();
                                      }
                                  }
                                  bytes memory data = abi.encodeWithSelector(
                                      L2GatewayRouter.setGateway.selector,
                                      _token,
                                      _gateway
                                  );
                                  return
                                      sendTxToL2(
                                          inbox,
                                          counterpartGateway,
                                          _creditBackAddress,
                                          msg.value,
                                          0,
                                          L2GasParams({
                                              _maxSubmissionCost: _maxSubmissionCost,
                                              _maxGas: _maxGas,
                                              _gasPriceBid: _gasPriceBid
                                          }),
                                          data
                                      );
                              }
                              /**
                               * @notice Allows L1 Token contract to trustlessly register its gateway. (other setGateway method allows excess eth recovery from _maxSubmissionCost and is recommended)
                               * @param _gateway l1 gateway address
                               * @param _maxGas max gas for L2 retryable exrecution
                               * @param _gasPriceBid gas price for L2 retryable ticket
                               * @param  _maxSubmissionCost base submission cost  L2 retryable tick3et
                               * @return Retryable ticket ID
                               */
                              function setGateway(
                                  address _gateway,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  uint256 _maxSubmissionCost
                              ) external payable override returns (uint256) {
                                  return setGateway(_gateway, _maxGas, _gasPriceBid, _maxSubmissionCost, msg.sender);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @notice Allows L1 Token contract to trustlessly register its gateway.
                               * @param _gateway l1 gateway address
                               * @param _maxGas max gas for L2 retryable exrecution
                               * @param _gasPriceBid gas price for L2 retryable ticket
                               * @param  _maxSubmissionCost base submission cost  L2 retryable tick3et
                               * @param _creditBackAddress address for crediting back overpayment of _maxSubmissionCost
                               * @return Retryable ticket ID
                               */
                              function setGateway(
                                  address _gateway,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  uint256 _maxSubmissionCost,
                                  address _creditBackAddress
                              ) public payable override returns (uint256) {
                                  require(
                                      ArbitrumEnabledToken(msg.sender).isArbitrumEnabled() == uint8(0xa4b1),
                                      "NOT_ARB_ENABLED"
                                  );
                                  require(_gateway.isContract(), "NOT_TO_CONTRACT");
                                  address currGateway = getGateway(msg.sender);
                                  if (currGateway != address(0) && currGateway != defaultGateway) {
                                      // if gateway is already set to a non-default gateway, don't allow it to set a different gateway
                                      require(currGateway == _gateway, "NO_UPDATE_TO_DIFFERENT_ADDR");
                                  }
                                  address[] memory _tokenArr = new address[](1);
                                  _tokenArr[0] = address(msg.sender);
                                  address[] memory _gatewayArr = new address[](1);
                                  _gatewayArr[0] = _gateway;
                                  return
                                      _setGateways(
                                          _tokenArr,
                                          _gatewayArr,
                                          _maxGas,
                                          _gasPriceBid,
                                          _maxSubmissionCost,
                                          _creditBackAddress
                                      );
                              }
                              function setGateways(
                                  address[] memory _token,
                                  address[] memory _gateway,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  uint256 _maxSubmissionCost
                              ) external payable onlyOwner returns (uint256) {
                                  // it is assumed that token and gateway are both contracts
                                  // require(_token[i].isContract() && _gateway[i].isContract(), "NOT_CONTRACT");
                                  return
                                      _setGateways(_token, _gateway, _maxGas, _gasPriceBid, _maxSubmissionCost, msg.sender);
                              }
                              function outboundTransfer(
                                  address _token,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) public payable override(GatewayRouter, ITokenGateway) returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return super.outboundTransfer(_token, _to, _amount, _maxGas, _gasPriceBid, _data);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @notice Deposit ERC20 token from Ethereum into Arbitrum using the registered or otherwise default gateway
                               * @dev Some legacy gateway might not have the outboundTransferCustomRefund method and will revert, in such case use outboundTransfer instead
                               *      L2 address alias will not be applied to the following types of addresses on L1:
                               *      - an externally-owned account
                               *      - a contract in construction
                               *      - an address where a contract will be created
                               *      - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                               * @param _token L1 address of ERC20
                               * @param _refundTo Account, or its L2 alias if it have code in L1, to be credited with excess gas refund in L2
                               * @param _to Account to be credited with the tokens in the L2 (can be the user's L2 account or a contract), not subject to L2 aliasing
                                            This account, or its L2 alias if it have code in L1, will also be able to cancel the retryable ticket and receive callvalue refund
                               * @param _amount Token Amount
                               * @param _maxGas Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover L2 execution
                               * @param _gasPriceBid Gas price for L2 execution
                               * @param _data encoded data from router and user
                               * @return res abi encoded inbox sequence number
                               */
                              function outboundTransferCustomRefund(
                                  address _token,
                                  address _refundTo,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) public payable override returns (bytes memory) {
                                  address gateway = getGateway(_token);
                                  bytes memory gatewayData = GatewayMessageHandler.encodeFromRouterToGateway(
                                      msg.sender,
                                      _data
                                  );
                                  emit TransferRouted(_token, msg.sender, _to, gateway);
                                  // here we use `IL1ArbitrumGateway` since we don't assume all ITokenGateway implements `outboundTransferCustomRefund`
                                  return
                                      IL1ArbitrumGateway(gateway).outboundTransferCustomRefund{ value: msg.value }(
                                          _token,
                                          _refundTo,
                                          _to,
                                          _amount,
                                          _maxGas,
                                          _gasPriceBid,
                                          gatewayData
                                      );
                              }
                              modifier onlyCounterpartGateway() override {
                                  // don't expect messages from L2 router
                                  revert("ONLY_COUNTERPART_GATEWAY");
                                  _;
                              }
                              function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
                                  public
                                  view
                                  override(ERC165, IERC165)
                                  returns (bool)
                              {
                                  // registering interfaces that is added after arb-bridge-peripherals >1.0.11
                                  // using function selector instead of single function interfaces to reduce bloat
                                  return
                                      interfaceId == this.outboundTransferCustomRefund.selector ||
                                      super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          abstract contract WhitelistConsumer {
                              address public whitelist;
                              event WhitelistSourceUpdated(address newSource);
                              modifier onlyWhitelisted() {
                                  if (whitelist != address(0)) {
                                      require(Whitelist(whitelist).isAllowed(msg.sender), "NOT_WHITELISTED");
                                  }
                                  _;
                              }
                              function updateWhitelistSource(address newSource) external {
                                  require(msg.sender == whitelist, "NOT_FROM_LIST");
                                  whitelist = newSource;
                                  emit WhitelistSourceUpdated(newSource);
                              }
                          }
                          contract Whitelist {
                              address public owner;
                              mapping(address => bool) public isAllowed;
                              event OwnerUpdated(address newOwner);
                              event WhitelistUpgraded(address newWhitelist, address[] targets);
                              constructor() public {
                                  owner = msg.sender;
                              }
                              modifier onlyOwner() {
                                  require(msg.sender == owner, "ONLY_OWNER");
                                  _;
                              }
                              function setOwner(address newOwner) external onlyOwner {
                                  owner = newOwner;
                                  emit OwnerUpdated(newOwner);
                              }
                              function setWhitelist(address[] memory user, bool[] memory val) external onlyOwner {
                                  require(user.length == val.length, "INVALID_INPUT");
                                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < user.length; i++) {
                                      isAllowed[user[i]] = val[i];
                                  }
                              }
                              // set new whitelist to address(0) to disable whitelist
                              function triggerConsumers(address newWhitelist, address[] memory targets) external onlyOwner {
                                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < targets.length; i++) {
                                      WhitelistConsumer(targets[i]).updateWhitelistSource(newWhitelist);
                                  }
                                  emit WhitelistUpgraded(newWhitelist, targets);
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          interface ArbitrumEnabledToken {
                              /// @notice should return `0xa4b1` if token is enabled for arbitrum gateways
                              function isArbitrumEnabled() external view returns (uint8);
                          }
                          /**
                           * @title Minimum expected interface for L1 custom token (see TestCustomTokenL1.sol for an example implementation)
                           */
                          interface ICustomToken is ArbitrumEnabledToken {
                              /**
                               * @notice Should make an external call to EthERC20Bridge.registerCustomL2Token
                               */
                              function registerTokenOnL2(
                                  address l2CustomTokenAddress,
                                  uint256 maxSubmissionCostForCustomBridge,
                                  uint256 maxSubmissionCostForRouter,
                                  uint256 maxGasForCustomBridge,
                                  uint256 maxGasForRouter,
                                  uint256 gasPriceBid,
                                  uint256 valueForGateway,
                                  uint256 valueForRouter,
                                  address creditBackAddress
                              ) external payable;
                              function transferFrom(
                                  address sender,
                                  address recipient,
                                  uint256 amount
                              ) external returns (bool);
                              function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
                          }
                          interface L1MintableToken is ICustomToken {
                              function bridgeMint(address account, uint256 amount) external;
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          import "arb-bridge-eth/contracts/bridge/interfaces/IInbox.sol";
                          import "arb-bridge-eth/contracts/bridge/interfaces/IOutbox.sol";
                          /// @notice L1 utility contract to assist with L1 <=> L2 interactions
                          /// @dev this is an abstract contract instead of library so the functions can be easily overriden when testing
                          abstract contract L1ArbitrumMessenger {
                              event TxToL2(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint256 indexed _seqNum, bytes _data);
                              struct L2GasParams {
                                  uint256 _maxSubmissionCost;
                                  uint256 _maxGas;
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid;
                              }
                              function sendTxToL2CustomRefund(
                                  address _inbox,
                                  address _to,
                                  address _refundTo,
                                  address _user,
                                  uint256 _l1CallValue,
                                  uint256 _l2CallValue,
                                  L2GasParams memory _l2GasParams,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) internal returns (uint256) {
                                  // alternative function entry point when struggling with the stack size
                                  return
                                      sendTxToL2CustomRefund(
                                          _inbox,
                                          _to,
                                          _refundTo,
                                          _user,
                                          _l1CallValue,
                                          _l2CallValue,
                                          _l2GasParams._maxSubmissionCost,
                                          _l2GasParams._maxGas,
                                          _l2GasParams._gasPriceBid,
                                          _data
                                      );
                              }
                              function sendTxToL2(
                                  address _inbox,
                                  address _to,
                                  address _user,
                                  uint256 _l1CallValue,
                                  uint256 _l2CallValue,
                                  L2GasParams memory _l2GasParams,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) internal returns (uint256) {
                                  // alternative function entry point when struggling with the stack size
                                  return
                                      sendTxToL2(
                                          _inbox,
                                          _to,
                                          _user,
                                          _l1CallValue,
                                          _l2CallValue,
                                          _l2GasParams._maxSubmissionCost,
                                          _l2GasParams._maxGas,
                                          _l2GasParams._gasPriceBid,
                                          _data
                                      );
                              }
                              function sendTxToL2CustomRefund(
                                  address _inbox,
                                  address _to,
                                  address _refundTo,
                                  address _user,
                                  uint256 _l1CallValue,
                                  uint256 _l2CallValue,
                                  uint256 _maxSubmissionCost,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) internal returns (uint256) {
                                  uint256 seqNum = IInbox(_inbox).createRetryableTicket{ value: _l1CallValue }(
                                      _to,
                                      _l2CallValue,
                                      _maxSubmissionCost,
                                      _refundTo, // only refund excess fee to the custom address
                                      _user, // user can cancel the retryable and receive call value refund
                                      _maxGas,
                                      _gasPriceBid,
                                      _data
                                  );
                                  emit TxToL2(_user, _to, seqNum, _data);
                                  return seqNum;
                              }
                              function sendTxToL2(
                                  address _inbox,
                                  address _to,
                                  address _user,
                                  uint256 _l1CallValue,
                                  uint256 _l2CallValue,
                                  uint256 _maxSubmissionCost,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) internal returns (uint256) {
                                  return
                                      sendTxToL2CustomRefund(
                                          _inbox,
                                          _to,
                                          _user,
                                          _user,
                                          _l1CallValue,
                                          _l2CallValue,
                                          _maxSubmissionCost,
                                          _maxGas,
                                          _gasPriceBid,
                                          _data
                                      );
                              }
                              function getBridge(address _inbox) internal view returns (IBridge) {
                                  return IInbox(_inbox).bridge();
                              }
                              /// @dev the l2ToL1Sender behaves as the tx.origin, the msg.sender should be validated to protect against reentrancies
                              function getL2ToL1Sender(address _inbox) internal view returns (address) {
                                  IOutbox outbox = IOutbox(getBridge(_inbox).activeOutbox());
                                  address l2ToL1Sender = outbox.l2ToL1Sender();
                                  require(l2ToL1Sender != address(0), "NO_SENDER");
                                  return l2ToL1Sender;
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          import "arb-bridge-eth/contracts/libraries/ProxyUtil.sol";
                          import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
                          import "./TokenGateway.sol";
                          import "./GatewayMessageHandler.sol";
                          import "./IGatewayRouter.sol";
                          /**
                           * @title Common interface for L1 and L2 Gateway Routers
                           */
                          abstract contract GatewayRouter is TokenGateway, IGatewayRouter {
                              using Address for address;
                              address internal constant ZERO_ADDR = address(0);
                              address internal constant DISABLED = address(1);
                              mapping(address => address) public l1TokenToGateway;
                              address public override defaultGateway;
                              event TransferRouted(
                                  address indexed token,
                                  address indexed _userFrom,
                                  address indexed _userTo,
                                  address gateway
                              );
                              event GatewaySet(address indexed l1Token, address indexed gateway);
                              event DefaultGatewayUpdated(address newDefaultGateway);
                              function postUpgradeInit() external {
                                  // it is assumed the L2 Arbitrum Gateway contract is behind a Proxy controlled by a proxy admin
                                  // this function can only be called by the proxy admin contract
                                  address proxyAdmin = ProxyUtil.getProxyAdmin();
                                  require(msg.sender == proxyAdmin, "NOT_FROM_ADMIN");
                                  // this has no other logic since the current upgrade doesn't require this logic
                              }
                              function _initialize(
                                  address _counterpartGateway,
                                  address _router,
                                  address _defaultGateway
                              ) internal {
                                  // if you are a router, you can't have a router
                                  require(_router == address(0), "BAD_ROUTER");
                                  TokenGateway._initialize(_counterpartGateway, _router);
                                  // default gateway can have 0 address
                                  defaultGateway = _defaultGateway;
                              }
                              function finalizeInboundTransfer(
                                  address, /* _token */
                                  address, /* _from */
                                  address, /* _to */
                                  uint256, /* _amount */
                                  bytes calldata /* _data */
                              ) external payable virtual override {
                                  revert("ONLY_OUTBOUND_ROUTER");
                              }
                              function outboundTransfer(
                                  address _token,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) public payable virtual override returns (bytes memory) {
                                  // this function is kept instead of delegating to outboundTransferCustomRefund to allow
                                  // compatibility with older gateways that did not implement outboundTransferCustomRefund
                                  address gateway = getGateway(_token);
                                  bytes memory gatewayData = GatewayMessageHandler.encodeFromRouterToGateway(
                                      msg.sender,
                                      _data
                                  );
                                  emit TransferRouted(_token, msg.sender, _to, gateway);
                                  return
                                      ITokenGateway(gateway).outboundTransfer{ value: msg.value }(
                                          _token,
                                          _to,
                                          _amount,
                                          _maxGas,
                                          _gasPriceBid,
                                          gatewayData
                                      );
                              }
                              function getOutboundCalldata(
                                  address _token,
                                  address _from,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) public view virtual override returns (bytes memory) {
                                  address gateway = getGateway(_token);
                                  return TokenGateway(gateway).getOutboundCalldata(_token, _from, _to, _amount, _data);
                              }
                              function getGateway(address _token) public view virtual override returns (address gateway) {
                                  gateway = l1TokenToGateway[_token];
                                  if (gateway == ZERO_ADDR) {
                                      // if no gateway value set, use default gateway
                                      gateway = defaultGateway;
                                  }
                                  if (gateway == DISABLED || !gateway.isContract()) {
                                      // not a valid gateway
                                      return ZERO_ADDR;
                                  }
                                  return gateway;
                              }
                              function calculateL2TokenAddress(address l1ERC20)
                                  public
                                  view
                                  virtual
                                  override(TokenGateway, ITokenGateway)
                                  returns (address)
                              {
                                  address gateway = getGateway(l1ERC20);
                                  if (gateway == ZERO_ADDR) {
                                      return ZERO_ADDR;
                                  }
                                  return TokenGateway(gateway).calculateL2TokenAddress(l1ERC20);
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          import "../../libraries/gateway/GatewayRouter.sol";
                          import "../../ethereum/gateway/L1GatewayRouter.sol";
                          import "../L2ArbitrumMessenger.sol";
                          import "arb-bridge-eth/contracts/libraries/AddressAliasHelper.sol";
                          /**
                           * @title Handles withdrawals from Ethereum into Arbitrum. Tokens are routered to their appropriate L2 gateway (Router itself also conforms to the Gateway interface).
                           * @notice Router also serves as an L2-L1 token address oracle.
                           */
                          contract L2GatewayRouter is GatewayRouter, L2ArbitrumMessenger {
                              modifier onlyCounterpartGateway() override {
                                  require(
                                      msg.sender == AddressAliasHelper.applyL1ToL2Alias(counterpartGateway),
                                      "ONLY_COUNTERPART_GATEWAY"
                                  );
                                  _;
                              }
                              function initialize(address _counterpartGateway, address _defaultGateway) public {
                                  GatewayRouter._initialize(_counterpartGateway, address(0), _defaultGateway);
                              }
                              function setGateway(address[] memory _l1Token, address[] memory _gateway)
                                  external
                                  onlyCounterpartGateway
                              {
                                  // counterpart gateway (L1 router) should never allow wrong lengths
                                  assert(_l1Token.length == _gateway.length);
                                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < _l1Token.length; i++) {
                                      l1TokenToGateway[_l1Token[i]] = _gateway[i];
                                      emit GatewaySet(_l1Token[i], _gateway[i]);
                                  }
                              }
                              function outboundTransfer(
                                  address _l1Token,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) public payable returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return outboundTransfer(_l1Token, _to, _amount, 0, 0, _data);
                              }
                              function setDefaultGateway(address newL2DefaultGateway) external onlyCounterpartGateway {
                                  defaultGateway = newL2DefaultGateway;
                                  emit DefaultGatewayUpdated(newL2DefaultGateway);
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)
                          // With pragma modification to support ^0.6.11
                          // https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/release-v4.6/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          import "./IERC165.sol";
                          /**
                           * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
                           *
                           * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
                           * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
                           *
                           * ```solidity
                           * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
                           *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
                           * }
                           * ```
                           *
                           * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
                           */
                          abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
                              /**
                               * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
                               */
                              function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
                                  return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          import "../../libraries/gateway/ITokenGateway.sol";
                          import "../../libraries/IERC165.sol";
                          /**
                           * @title Handles deposits from Erhereum into Arbitrum. Tokens are routered to their appropriate L1 gateway (Router itself also conforms to the Gateway itnerface).
                           * @notice Router also serves as an L1-L2 token address oracle.
                           */
                          interface IL1GatewayRouter is ITokenGateway, IERC165 {
                              /**
                               * @notice Deposit ERC20 token from Ethereum into Arbitrum using the registered or otherwise default gateway
                               * @dev Some legacy gateway might not have the outboundTransferCustomRefund method and will revert, in such case use outboundTransfer instead
                               *      L2 address alias will not be applied to the following types of addresses on L1:
                               *      - an externally-owned account
                               *      - a contract in construction
                               *      - an address where a contract will be created
                               *      - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                               * @param _token L1 address of ERC20
                               * @param _refundTo Account, or its L2 alias if it have code in L1, to be credited with excess gas refund in L2
                               * @param _to Account to be credited with the tokens in the L2 (can be the user's L2 account or a contract), not subject to L2 aliasing
                                            This account, or its L2 alias if it have code in L1, will also be able to cancel the retryable ticket and receive callvalue refund
                               * @param _amount Token Amount
                               * @param _maxGas Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover L2 execution
                               * @param _gasPriceBid Gas price for L2 execution
                               * @param _data encoded data from router and user
                               * @return res abi encoded inbox sequence number
                               */
                              function outboundTransferCustomRefund(
                                  address _token,
                                  address _refundTo,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) external payable returns (bytes memory);
                              /**
                               * @notice Allows L1 Token contract to trustlessly register its gateway.
                               * @param _gateway l1 gateway address
                               * @param _maxGas max gas for L2 retryable exrecution
                               * @param _gasPriceBid gas price for L2 retryable ticket
                               * @param  _maxSubmissionCost base submission cost  L2 retryable tick3et
                               * @param _creditBackAddress address for crediting back overpayment of _maxSubmissionCost
                               * @return Retryable ticket ID
                               */
                              function setGateway(
                                  address _gateway,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  uint256 _maxSubmissionCost,
                                  address _creditBackAddress
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @notice Allows L1 Token contract to trustlessly register its gateway. (other setGateway method allows excess eth recovery from _maxSubmissionCost and is recommended)
                               * @param _gateway l1 gateway address
                               * @param _maxGas max gas for L2 retryable exrecution
                               * @param _gasPriceBid gas price for L2 retryable ticket
                               * @param  _maxSubmissionCost base submission cost  L2 retryable tick3et
                               * @return Retryable ticket ID
                               */
                              function setGateway(
                                  address _gateway,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  uint256 _maxSubmissionCost
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function owner() external view returns (address);
                              function inbox() external view returns (address);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          import "../../libraries/gateway/ITokenGateway.sol";
                          import "../../libraries/IERC165.sol";
                          /**
                           * @title Common interface for gatways on L1 messaging to Arbitrum.
                           */
                          interface IL1ArbitrumGateway is ITokenGateway, IERC165 {
                              function inbox() external view returns (address);
                              /**
                               * @notice Deposit ERC20 token from Ethereum into Arbitrum. If L2 side hasn't been deployed yet, includes name/symbol/decimals data for initial L2 deploy. Initiate by GatewayRouter.
                               * @dev L2 address alias will not be applied to the following types of addresses on L1:
                               *      - an externally-owned account
                               *      - a contract in construction
                               *      - an address where a contract will be created
                               *      - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                               * @param _l1Token L1 address of ERC20
                               * @param _refundTo Account, or its L2 alias if it have code in L1, to be credited with excess gas refund in L2
                               * @param _to Account to be credited with the tokens in the L2 (can be the user's L2 account or a contract), not subject to L2 aliasing
                                            This account, or its L2 alias if it have code in L1, will also be able to cancel the retryable ticket and receive callvalue refund
                               * @param _amount Token Amount
                               * @param _maxGas Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover L2 execution
                               * @param _gasPriceBid Gas price for L2 execution
                               * @param _data encoded data from router and user
                               * @return res abi encoded inbox sequence number
                               */
                              //  * @param maxSubmissionCost Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover base submission fee
                              function outboundTransferCustomRefund(
                                  address _l1Token,
                                  address _refundTo,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) external payable returns (bytes memory);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          import "./IBridge.sol";
                          import "./IMessageProvider.sol";
                          interface IInbox is IMessageProvider {
                              function sendL2Message(bytes calldata messageData) external returns (uint256);
                              function sendUnsignedTransaction(
                                  uint256 maxGas,
                                  uint256 gasPriceBid,
                                  uint256 nonce,
                                  address destAddr,
                                  uint256 amount,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external returns (uint256);
                              function sendContractTransaction(
                                  uint256 maxGas,
                                  uint256 gasPriceBid,
                                  address destAddr,
                                  uint256 amount,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external returns (uint256);
                              function sendL1FundedUnsignedTransaction(
                                  uint256 maxGas,
                                  uint256 gasPriceBid,
                                  uint256 nonce,
                                  address destAddr,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function sendL1FundedContractTransaction(
                                  uint256 maxGas,
                                  uint256 gasPriceBid,
                                  address destAddr,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function createRetryableTicket(
                                  address destAddr,
                                  uint256 arbTxCallValue,
                                  uint256 maxSubmissionCost,
                                  address submissionRefundAddress,
                                  address valueRefundAddress,
                                  uint256 maxGas,
                                  uint256 gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function unsafeCreateRetryableTicket(
                                  address destAddr,
                                  uint256 arbTxCallValue,
                                  uint256 maxSubmissionCost,
                                  address submissionRefundAddress,
                                  address valueRefundAddress,
                                  uint256 maxGas,
                                  uint256 gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function depositEth(uint256 maxSubmissionCost) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function bridge() external view returns (IBridge);
                              function pauseCreateRetryables() external;
                              function unpauseCreateRetryables() external;
                              function startRewriteAddress() external;
                              function stopRewriteAddress() external;
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          interface IOutbox {
                              event OutboxEntryCreated(
                                  uint256 indexed batchNum,
                                  uint256 outboxEntryIndex,
                                  bytes32 outputRoot,
                                  uint256 numInBatch
                              );
                              event OutBoxTransactionExecuted(
                                  address indexed destAddr,
                                  address indexed l2Sender,
                                  uint256 indexed outboxEntryIndex,
                                  uint256 transactionIndex
                              );
                              function l2ToL1Sender() external view returns (address);
                              function l2ToL1Block() external view returns (uint256);
                              function l2ToL1EthBlock() external view returns (uint256);
                              function l2ToL1Timestamp() external view returns (uint256);
                              function l2ToL1BatchNum() external view returns (uint256);
                              function l2ToL1OutputId() external view returns (bytes32);
                              function processOutgoingMessages(bytes calldata sendsData, uint256[] calldata sendLengths)
                                  external;
                              function outboxEntryExists(uint256 batchNum) external view returns (bool);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          interface IBridge {
                              event MessageDelivered(
                                  uint256 indexed messageIndex,
                                  bytes32 indexed beforeInboxAcc,
                                  address inbox,
                                  uint8 kind,
                                  address sender,
                                  bytes32 messageDataHash
                              );
                              event BridgeCallTriggered(
                                  address indexed outbox,
                                  address indexed destAddr,
                                  uint256 amount,
                                  bytes data
                              );
                              event InboxToggle(address indexed inbox, bool enabled);
                              event OutboxToggle(address indexed outbox, bool enabled);
                              function deliverMessageToInbox(
                                  uint8 kind,
                                  address sender,
                                  bytes32 messageDataHash
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function executeCall(
                                  address destAddr,
                                  uint256 amount,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external returns (bool success, bytes memory returnData);
                              // These are only callable by the admin
                              function setInbox(address inbox, bool enabled) external;
                              function setOutbox(address inbox, bool enabled) external;
                              // View functions
                              function activeOutbox() external view returns (address);
                              function allowedInboxes(address inbox) external view returns (bool);
                              function allowedOutboxes(address outbox) external view returns (bool);
                              function inboxAccs(uint256 index) external view returns (bytes32);
                              function messageCount() external view returns (uint256);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          interface IMessageProvider {
                              event InboxMessageDelivered(uint256 indexed messageNum, bytes data);
                              event InboxMessageDeliveredFromOrigin(uint256 indexed messageNum);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          library ProxyUtil {
                              function getProxyAdmin() internal view returns (address admin) {
                                  // https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v3.4.0/contracts/proxy/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol#L48
                                  // Storage slot with the admin of the proxy contract.
                                  // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
                                  bytes32 slot = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
                                  assembly {
                                      admin := sload(slot)
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
                           */
                          library Address {
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
                               *
                               * [IMPORTANT]
                               * ====
                               * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
                               * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
                               *
                               * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
                               * types of addresses:
                               *
                               *  - an externally-owned account
                               *  - a contract in construction
                               *  - an address where a contract will be created
                               *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                               * ====
                               */
                              function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                                  // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
                                  // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
                                  // constructor execution.
                                  uint256 size;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
                                  return size > 0;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                               * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                               *
                               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                               * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                               * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                               * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                               *
                               * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                               *
                               * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                               * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                               * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                               * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                               */
                              function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                                  require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
                                  (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
                                  require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                               * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                               * function instead.
                               *
                               * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
                               * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
                               *
                               * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                               * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `target` must be a contract.
                               * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
                               * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                               * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
                               * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{ value: value }(data);
                                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a static call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.3._
                               */
                              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a static call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.3._
                               */
                              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a delegate call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a delegate call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              function _verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure returns(bytes memory) {
                                  if (success) {
                                      return returndata;
                                  } else {
                                      // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                                      if (returndata.length > 0) {
                                          // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                                          // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                          assembly {
                                              let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                                              revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                                          }
                                      } else {
                                          revert(errorMessage);
                                      }
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          import "./ITokenGateway.sol";
                          import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
                          abstract contract TokenGateway is ITokenGateway {
                              using Address for address;
                              address public counterpartGateway;
                              address public router;
                              // This modifier is overriden in gateways to validate the message sender
                              // For L1 to L2 messages need to be validated against the aliased counterpartGateway
                              // For L2 to L1 messages need to be validated against the bridge and L2ToL1Sender
                              // prettier-ignore
                              modifier onlyCounterpartGateway() virtual;
                              function _initialize(address _counterpartGateway, address _router) internal virtual {
                                  // This initializes internal variables of the abstract contract it can be chained together with other functions.
                                  // It is virtual so subclasses can override or wrap around this logic.
                                  // An example where this is useful is different subclasses that validate the router address differently
                                  require(_counterpartGateway != address(0), "INVALID_COUNTERPART");
                                  require(counterpartGateway == address(0), "ALREADY_INIT");
                                  counterpartGateway = _counterpartGateway;
                                  router = _router;
                              }
                              function isRouter(address _target) internal view returns (bool isTargetRouter) {
                                  return _target == router;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @notice Calculate the address used when bridging an ERC20 token
                               * @dev the L1 and L2 address oracles may not always be in sync.
                               * For example, a custom token may have been registered but not deploy or the contract self destructed.
                               * @param l1ERC20 address of L1 token
                               * @return L2 address of a bridged ERC20 token
                               */
                              function calculateL2TokenAddress(address l1ERC20)
                                  public
                                  view
                                  virtual
                                  override
                                  returns (address);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          /// @notice this library manages encoding and decoding of gateway communication
                          library GatewayMessageHandler {
                              // these are for communication from L1 to L2 gateway
                              function encodeToL2GatewayMsg(bytes memory gatewayData, bytes memory callHookData)
                                  internal
                                  pure
                                  returns (bytes memory res)
                              {
                                  res = abi.encode(gatewayData, callHookData);
                              }
                              function parseFromL1GatewayMsg(bytes calldata _data)
                                  internal
                                  pure
                                  returns (bytes memory gatewayData, bytes memory callHookData)
                              {
                                  // abi decode may revert, but the encoding is done by L1 gateway, so we trust it
                                  (gatewayData, callHookData) = abi.decode(_data, (bytes, bytes));
                              }
                              // these are for communication from L2 to L1 gateway
                              function encodeFromL2GatewayMsg(uint256 exitNum, bytes memory callHookData)
                                  internal
                                  pure
                                  returns (bytes memory res)
                              {
                                  res = abi.encode(exitNum, callHookData);
                              }
                              function parseToL1GatewayMsg(bytes calldata _data)
                                  internal
                                  pure
                                  returns (uint256 exitNum, bytes memory callHookData)
                              {
                                  // abi decode may revert, but the encoding is done by L1 gateway, so we trust it
                                  (exitNum, callHookData) = abi.decode(_data, (uint256, bytes));
                              }
                              // these are for communication from router to gateway
                              function encodeFromRouterToGateway(address _from, bytes calldata _data)
                                  internal
                                  pure
                                  returns (bytes memory res)
                              {
                                  // abi decode may revert, but the encoding is done by L1 gateway, so we trust it
                                  return abi.encode(_from, _data);
                              }
                              function parseFromRouterToGateway(bytes calldata _data)
                                  internal
                                  pure
                                  returns (address, bytes memory res)
                              {
                                  // abi decode may revert, but the encoding is done by L1 gateway, so we trust it
                                  return abi.decode(_data, (address, bytes));
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          import "arb-bridge-eth/contracts/libraries/ProxyUtil.sol";
                          import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
                          import "./TokenGateway.sol";
                          import "./GatewayMessageHandler.sol";
                          /**
                           * @title Common interface for L1 and L2 Gateway Routers
                           */
                          interface IGatewayRouter is ITokenGateway {
                              function defaultGateway() external view returns (address gateway);
                              event TransferRouted(
                                  address indexed token,
                                  address indexed _userFrom,
                                  address indexed _userTo,
                                  address gateway
                              );
                              event GatewaySet(address indexed l1Token, address indexed gateway);
                              event DefaultGatewayUpdated(address newDefaultGateway);
                              function getGateway(address _token) external view returns (address gateway);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          interface ITokenGateway {
                              /// @notice event deprecated in favor of DepositInitiated and WithdrawalInitiated
                              // event OutboundTransferInitiated(
                              //     address token,
                              //     address indexed _from,
                              //     address indexed _to,
                              //     uint256 indexed _transferId,
                              //     uint256 _amount,
                              //     bytes _data
                              // );
                              /// @notice event deprecated in favor of DepositFinalized and WithdrawalFinalized
                              // event InboundTransferFinalized(
                              //     address token,
                              //     address indexed _from,
                              //     address indexed _to,
                              //     uint256 indexed _transferId,
                              //     uint256 _amount,
                              //     bytes _data
                              // );
                              function outboundTransfer(
                                  address _token,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) external payable returns (bytes memory);
                              function finalizeInboundTransfer(
                                  address _token,
                                  address _from,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) external payable;
                              /**
                               * @notice Calculate the address used when bridging an ERC20 token
                               * @dev the L1 and L2 address oracles may not always be in sync.
                               * For example, a custom token may have been registered but not deploy or the contract self destructed.
                               * @param l1ERC20 address of L1 token
                               * @return L2 address of a bridged ERC20 token
                               */
                              function calculateL2TokenAddress(address l1ERC20) external view returns (address);
                              function getOutboundCalldata(
                                  address _token,
                                  address _from,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) external view returns (bytes memory);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          import "arbos-precompiles/arbos/builtin/ArbSys.sol";
                          /// @notice L2 utility contract to assist with L1 <=> L2 interactions
                          /// @dev this is an abstract contract instead of library so the functions can be easily overriden when testing
                          abstract contract L2ArbitrumMessenger {
                              address internal constant ARB_SYS_ADDRESS = address(100);
                              event TxToL1(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint256 indexed _id, bytes _data);
                              function sendTxToL1(
                                  uint256 _l1CallValue,
                                  address _from,
                                  address _to,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) internal returns (uint256) {
                                  uint256 _id = ArbSys(ARB_SYS_ADDRESS).sendTxToL1{ value: _l1CallValue }(_to, _data);
                                  emit TxToL1(_from, _to, _id, _data);
                                  return _id;
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2019-2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          library AddressAliasHelper {
                              uint160 constant offset = uint160(0x1111000000000000000000000000000000001111);
                              /// @notice Utility function that converts the address in the L1 that submitted a tx to
                              /// the inbox to the msg.sender viewed in the L2
                              /// @param l1Address the address in the L1 that triggered the tx to L2
                              /// @return l2Address L2 address as viewed in msg.sender
                              function applyL1ToL2Alias(address l1Address) internal pure returns (address l2Address) {
                                  l2Address = address(uint160(l1Address) + offset);
                              }
                              /// @notice Utility function that converts the msg.sender viewed in the L2 to the
                              /// address in the L1 that submitted a tx to the inbox
                              /// @param l2Address L2 address as viewed in msg.sender
                              /// @return l1Address the address in the L1 that triggered the tx to L2
                              function undoL1ToL2Alias(address l2Address) internal pure returns (address l1Address) {
                                  l1Address = address(uint160(l2Address) - offset);
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)
                          // With pragma modification to allow interface compatibility with >=0.6.9 <0.9.0
                          // https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/release-v4.6/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
                           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
                           *
                           * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
                           * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
                           *
                           * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
                           */
                          interface IERC165 {
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
                               * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
                               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
                               * to learn more about how these ids are created.
                               *
                               * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
                               */
                              function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
                          }
                          pragma solidity >=0.4.21 <0.9.0;
                          /**
                          * @title Precompiled contract that exists in every Arbitrum chain at address(100), 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000064. Exposes a variety of system-level functionality.
                           */
                          interface ArbSys {
                              /**
                              * @notice Get internal version number identifying an ArbOS build
                              * @return version number as int
                               */
                              function arbOSVersion() external pure returns (uint);
                              function arbChainID() external view returns(uint);
                              /**
                              * @notice Get Arbitrum block number (distinct from L1 block number; Arbitrum genesis block has block number 0)
                              * @return block number as int
                               */ 
                              function arbBlockNumber() external view returns (uint);
                              /** 
                              * @notice Send given amount of Eth to dest from sender.
                              * This is a convenience function, which is equivalent to calling sendTxToL1 with empty calldataForL1.
                              * @param destination recipient address on L1
                              * @return unique identifier for this L2-to-L1 transaction.
                              */
                              function withdrawEth(address destination) external payable returns(uint);
                              /** 
                              * @notice Send a transaction to L1
                              * @param destination recipient address on L1 
                              * @param calldataForL1 (optional) calldata for L1 contract call
                              * @return a unique identifier for this L2-to-L1 transaction.
                              */
                              function sendTxToL1(address destination, bytes calldata calldataForL1) external payable returns(uint);
                              /** 
                              * @notice get the number of transactions issued by the given external account or the account sequence number of the given contract
                              * @param account target account
                              * @return the number of transactions issued by the given external account or the account sequence number of the given contract
                              */
                              function getTransactionCount(address account) external view returns(uint256);
                              /**  
                              * @notice get the value of target L2 storage slot 
                              * This function is only callable from address 0 to prevent contracts from being able to call it
                              * @param account target account
                              * @param index target index of storage slot 
                              * @return stotage value for the given account at the given index
                              */
                              function getStorageAt(address account, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
                              /**
                              * @notice check if current call is coming from l1
                              * @return true if the caller of this was called directly from L1
                              */
                              function isTopLevelCall() external view returns (bool);
                              /**
                               * @notice check if the caller (of this caller of this) is an aliased L1 contract address
                               * @return true iff the caller's address is an alias for an L1 contract address
                               */
                              function wasMyCallersAddressAliased() external view returns (bool);
                              /**
                               * @notice return the address of the caller (of this caller of this), without applying L1 contract address aliasing
                               * @return address of the caller's caller, without applying L1 contract address aliasing
                               */
                              function myCallersAddressWithoutAliasing() external view returns (address);
                              /**
                               * @notice map L1 sender contract address to its L2 alias
                               * @param sender sender address
                               * @param dest destination address
                               * @return aliased sender address
                               */
                              function mapL1SenderContractAddressToL2Alias(address sender, address dest) external pure returns(address);
                              /**
                               * @notice get the caller's amount of available storage gas
                               * @return amount of storage gas available to the caller
                               */
                              function getStorageGasAvailable() external view returns(uint);
                              event L2ToL1Transaction(address caller, address indexed destination, uint indexed uniqueId,
                                                      uint indexed batchNumber, uint indexInBatch,
                                                      uint arbBlockNum, uint ethBlockNum, uint timestamp,
                                                      uint callvalue, bytes data);
                          }
                          

                          File 7 of 9: L1ERC20Gateway
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          import "./L1ArbitrumExtendedGateway.sol";
                          import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Create2.sol";
                          import "arb-bridge-eth/contracts/libraries/Whitelist.sol";
                          /**
                           * @title Layer 1 Gateway contract for bridging standard ERC20s
                           * @notice This contract handles token deposits, holds the escrowed tokens on layer 1, and (ultimately) finalizes withdrawals.
                           * @dev Any ERC20 that requires non-standard functionality should use a separate gateway.
                           * Messages to layer 2 use the inbox's createRetryableTicket method.
                           */
                          contract L1ERC20Gateway is L1ArbitrumExtendedGateway {
                              // used for create2 address calculation
                              bytes32 public cloneableProxyHash;
                              // We don't use the solidity creationCode as it breaks when upgrading contracts
                              // keccak256(type(ClonableBeaconProxy).creationCode);
                              address public l2BeaconProxyFactory;
                              // whitelist not used anymore
                              address public whitelist;
                              // start of inline reentrancy guard
                              // https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v3.4.2/contracts/utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol
                              uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
                              uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;
                              uint256 private _status;
                              modifier nonReentrant() {
                                  // On the first call to nonReentrant, _notEntered will be true
                                  require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");
                                  // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
                                  _status = _ENTERED;
                                  _;
                                  _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
                              }
                              // end of inline reentrancy guard
                              function outboundTransferCustomRefund(
                                  address _l1Token,
                                  address _refundTo,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) public payable override nonReentrant returns (bytes memory res) {
                                  return
                                      super.outboundTransferCustomRefund(
                                          _l1Token,
                                          _refundTo,
                                          _to,
                                          _amount,
                                          _maxGas,
                                          _gasPriceBid,
                                          _data
                                      );
                              }
                              function finalizeInboundTransfer(
                                  address _token,
                                  address _from,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) public payable override nonReentrant {
                                  // the superclass checks onlyCounterpartGateway
                                  super.finalizeInboundTransfer(_token, _from, _to, _amount, _data);
                              }
                              function initialize(
                                  address _l2Counterpart,
                                  address _router,
                                  address _inbox,
                                  bytes32 _cloneableProxyHash,
                                  address _l2BeaconProxyFactory
                              ) public {
                                  L1ArbitrumGateway._initialize(_l2Counterpart, _router, _inbox);
                                  require(_cloneableProxyHash != bytes32(0), "INVALID_PROXYHASH");
                                  require(_l2BeaconProxyFactory != address(0), "INVALID_BEACON");
                                  cloneableProxyHash = _cloneableProxyHash;
                                  l2BeaconProxyFactory = _l2BeaconProxyFactory;
                                  // disable whitelist by default
                                  whitelist = address(0);
                                  // reentrancy guard
                                  _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @notice utility function used to perform external read-only calls.
                               * @dev the result is returned even if the call failed or was directed at an EOA,
                               * it is cheaper to have the L2 consumer identify and deal with this.
                               * @return result bytes, even if the call failed.
                               */
                              function callStatic(address targetContract, bytes4 targetFunction)
                                  internal
                                  view
                                  returns (bytes memory)
                              {
                                  (
                                      ,
                                      /* bool success */
                                      bytes memory res
                                  ) = targetContract.staticcall(abi.encodeWithSelector(targetFunction));
                                  return res;
                              }
                              function getOutboundCalldata(
                                  address _token,
                                  address _from,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) public view override returns (bytes memory outboundCalldata) {
                                  // TODO: cheaper to make static calls or save isDeployed to storage?
                                  bytes memory deployData = abi.encode(
                                      callStatic(_token, ERC20.name.selector),
                                      callStatic(_token, ERC20.symbol.selector),
                                      callStatic(_token, ERC20.decimals.selector)
                                  );
                                  outboundCalldata = abi.encodeWithSelector(
                                      ITokenGateway.finalizeInboundTransfer.selector,
                                      _token,
                                      _from,
                                      _to,
                                      _amount,
                                      GatewayMessageHandler.encodeToL2GatewayMsg(deployData, _data)
                                  );
                                  return outboundCalldata;
                              }
                              function calculateL2TokenAddress(address l1ERC20) public view override returns (address) {
                                  bytes32 salt = getSalt(l1ERC20);
                                  return Create2.computeAddress(salt, cloneableProxyHash, l2BeaconProxyFactory);
                              }
                              function getSalt(address l1ERC20) internal view returns (bytes32) {
                                  // TODO: use a library
                                  return keccak256(abi.encode(counterpartGateway, keccak256(abi.encode(l1ERC20))));
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          import "../../libraries/ITransferAndCall.sol";
                          import "./L1ArbitrumGateway.sol";
                          interface ITradeableExitReceiver {
                              function onExitTransfer(
                                  address sender,
                                  uint256 exitNum,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external returns (bool);
                          }
                          abstract contract L1ArbitrumExtendedGateway is L1ArbitrumGateway {
                              struct ExitData {
                                  bool isExit;
                                  address _newTo;
                                  bytes _newData;
                              }
                              mapping(bytes32 => ExitData) public redirectedExits;
                              event WithdrawRedirected(
                                  address indexed from,
                                  address indexed to,
                                  uint256 indexed exitNum,
                                  bytes newData,
                                  bytes data,
                                  bool madeExternalCall
                              );
                              /**
                               * @notice Allows a user to redirect their right to claim a withdrawal to another address.
                               * @dev This method also allows you to make an arbitrary call after the transfer.
                               * This does not validate if the exit was already triggered. It is assumed the `_exitNum` is
                               * validated off-chain to ensure this was not yet triggered.
                               * @param _exitNum Sequentially increasing exit counter determined by the L2 bridge
                               * @param _initialDestination address the L2 withdrawal call initially set as the destination.
                               * @param _newDestination address the L1 will now call instead of the previously set destination
                               * @param _newData data to be used in inboundEscrowAndCall
                               * @param _data optional data for external call upon transfering the exit
                               */
                              function transferExitAndCall(
                                  uint256 _exitNum,
                                  address _initialDestination,
                                  address _newDestination,
                                  bytes calldata _newData,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) external {
                                  // the initial data doesn't make a difference when transfering you exit
                                  // since the L2 bridge gives a unique exit ID to each exit
                                  (address expectedSender, ) = getExternalCall(_exitNum, _initialDestination, "");
                                  // if you want to transfer your exit, you must be the current destination
                                  require(msg.sender == expectedSender, "NOT_EXPECTED_SENDER");
                                  // the inboundEscrowAndCall functionality has been disabled, so no data is allowed
                                  require(_newData.length == 0, "NO_DATA_ALLOWED");
                                  setRedirectedExit(_exitNum, _initialDestination, _newDestination, _newData);
                                  if (_data.length > 0) {
                                      require(_newDestination.isContract(), "TO_NOT_CONTRACT");
                                      bool success = ITradeableExitReceiver(_newDestination).onExitTransfer(
                                          expectedSender,
                                          _exitNum,
                                          _data
                                      );
                                      require(success, "TRANSFER_HOOK_FAIL");
                                  }
                                  emit WithdrawRedirected(
                                      expectedSender,
                                      _newDestination,
                                      _exitNum,
                                      _newData,
                                      _data,
                                      _data.length > 0
                                  );
                              }
                              /// @notice this does not verify if the external call was already done
                              function getExternalCall(
                                  uint256 _exitNum,
                                  address _initialDestination,
                                  bytes memory _initialData
                              ) public view virtual override returns (address target, bytes memory data) {
                                  // this function is virtual so that subclasses can override it with custom logic where necessary
                                  bytes32 withdrawData = encodeWithdrawal(_exitNum, _initialDestination);
                                  ExitData storage exit = redirectedExits[withdrawData];
                                  // here we don't authenticate `_initialData`. we could hash it into `withdrawData` but would increase gas costs
                                  // this is safe because if the exit isn't overriden, the _initialData coming from L2 is trusted
                                  // but if the exit is traded, all we care about is the latest user calldata
                                  if (exit.isExit) {
                                      return (exit._newTo, exit._newData);
                                  } else {
                                      return (_initialDestination, _initialData);
                                  }
                              }
                              function setRedirectedExit(
                                  uint256 _exitNum,
                                  address _initialDestination,
                                  address _newDestination,
                                  bytes memory _newData
                              ) internal {
                                  bytes32 withdrawData = encodeWithdrawal(_exitNum, _initialDestination);
                                  redirectedExits[withdrawData] = ExitData(true, _newDestination, _newData);
                              }
                              function encodeWithdrawal(uint256 _exitNum, address _initialDestination)
                                  public
                                  pure
                                  returns (bytes32)
                              {
                                  // here we assume the L2 bridge gives a unique exitNum to each exit
                                  return keccak256(abi.encode(_exitNum, _initialDestination));
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev Helper to make usage of the `CREATE2` EVM opcode easier and safer.
                           * `CREATE2` can be used to compute in advance the address where a smart
                           * contract will be deployed, which allows for interesting new mechanisms known
                           * as 'counterfactual interactions'.
                           *
                           * See the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1014#motivation[EIP] for more
                           * information.
                           */
                          library Create2 {
                              /**
                               * @dev Deploys a contract using `CREATE2`. The address where the contract
                               * will be deployed can be known in advance via {computeAddress}.
                               *
                               * The bytecode for a contract can be obtained from Solidity with
                               * `type(contractName).creationCode`.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `bytecode` must not be empty.
                               * - `salt` must have not been used for `bytecode` already.
                               * - the factory must have a balance of at least `amount`.
                               * - if `amount` is non-zero, `bytecode` must have a `payable` constructor.
                               */
                              function deploy(uint256 amount, bytes32 salt, bytes memory bytecode) internal returns (address) {
                                  address addr;
                                  require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Create2: insufficient balance");
                                  require(bytecode.length != 0, "Create2: bytecode length is zero");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly {
                                      addr := create2(amount, add(bytecode, 0x20), mload(bytecode), salt)
                                  }
                                  require(addr != address(0), "Create2: Failed on deploy");
                                  return addr;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the address where a contract will be stored if deployed via {deploy}. Any change in the
                               * `bytecodeHash` or `salt` will result in a new destination address.
                               */
                              function computeAddress(bytes32 salt, bytes32 bytecodeHash) internal view returns (address) {
                                  return computeAddress(salt, bytecodeHash, address(this));
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the address where a contract will be stored if deployed via {deploy} from a contract located at
                               * `deployer`. If `deployer` is this contract's address, returns the same value as {computeAddress}.
                               */
                              function computeAddress(bytes32 salt, bytes32 bytecodeHash, address deployer) internal pure returns (address) {
                                  bytes32 _data = keccak256(
                                      abi.encodePacked(bytes1(0xff), deployer, salt, bytecodeHash)
                                  );
                                  return address(uint160(uint256(_data)));
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          abstract contract WhitelistConsumer {
                              address public whitelist;
                              event WhitelistSourceUpdated(address newSource);
                              modifier onlyWhitelisted() {
                                  if (whitelist != address(0)) {
                                      require(Whitelist(whitelist).isAllowed(msg.sender), "NOT_WHITELISTED");
                                  }
                                  _;
                              }
                              function updateWhitelistSource(address newSource) external {
                                  require(msg.sender == whitelist, "NOT_FROM_LIST");
                                  whitelist = newSource;
                                  emit WhitelistSourceUpdated(newSource);
                              }
                          }
                          contract Whitelist {
                              address public owner;
                              mapping(address => bool) public isAllowed;
                              event OwnerUpdated(address newOwner);
                              event WhitelistUpgraded(address newWhitelist, address[] targets);
                              constructor() public {
                                  owner = msg.sender;
                              }
                              modifier onlyOwner() {
                                  require(msg.sender == owner, "ONLY_OWNER");
                                  _;
                              }
                              function setOwner(address newOwner) external onlyOwner {
                                  owner = newOwner;
                                  emit OwnerUpdated(newOwner);
                              }
                              function setWhitelist(address[] memory user, bool[] memory val) external onlyOwner {
                                  require(user.length == val.length, "INVALID_INPUT");
                                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < user.length; i++) {
                                      isAllowed[user[i]] = val[i];
                                  }
                              }
                              // set new whitelist to address(0) to disable whitelist
                              function triggerConsumers(address newWhitelist, address[] memory targets) external onlyOwner {
                                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < targets.length; i++) {
                                      WhitelistConsumer(targets[i]).updateWhitelistSource(newWhitelist);
                                  }
                                  emit WhitelistUpgraded(newWhitelist, targets);
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/IERC20Upgradeable.sol";
                          interface ITransferAndCall is IERC20Upgradeable {
                              function transferAndCall(
                                  address to,
                                  uint256 value,
                                  bytes memory data
                              ) external returns (bool success);
                              event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value, bytes data);
                          }
                          /**
                           * @notice note that implementation of ITransferAndCallReceiver is not expected to return a success bool
                           */
                          interface ITransferAndCallReceiver {
                              function onTokenTransfer(
                                  address _sender,
                                  uint256 _value,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) external;
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
                          import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/SafeERC20.sol";
                          import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Create2.sol";
                          import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
                          import "@openzeppelin/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol";
                          import "arb-bridge-eth/contracts/bridge/interfaces/IInbox.sol";
                          import "arb-bridge-eth/contracts/libraries/ProxyUtil.sol";
                          import "../L1ArbitrumMessenger.sol";
                          import "../../libraries/gateway/GatewayMessageHandler.sol";
                          import "../../libraries/gateway/TokenGateway.sol";
                          import "./IL1ArbitrumGateway.sol";
                          import "../../libraries/ITransferAndCall.sol";
                          import "../../libraries/ERC165.sol";
                          /**
                           * @title Common interface for gatways on L1 messaging to Arbitrum.
                           */
                          abstract contract L1ArbitrumGateway is
                              L1ArbitrumMessenger,
                              TokenGateway,
                              ERC165,
                              IL1ArbitrumGateway
                          {
                              using SafeERC20 for IERC20;
                              using Address for address;
                              address public override inbox;
                              event DepositInitiated(
                                  address l1Token,
                                  address indexed _from,
                                  address indexed _to,
                                  uint256 indexed _sequenceNumber,
                                  uint256 _amount
                              );
                              event WithdrawalFinalized(
                                  address l1Token,
                                  address indexed _from,
                                  address indexed _to,
                                  uint256 indexed _exitNum,
                                  uint256 _amount
                              );
                              modifier onlyCounterpartGateway() override {
                                  address _inbox = inbox;
                                  // a message coming from the counterpart gateway was executed by the bridge
                                  address bridge = address(super.getBridge(_inbox));
                                  require(msg.sender == bridge, "NOT_FROM_BRIDGE");
                                  // and the outbox reports that the L2 address of the sender is the counterpart gateway
                                  address l2ToL1Sender = super.getL2ToL1Sender(_inbox);
                                  require(l2ToL1Sender == counterpartGateway, "ONLY_COUNTERPART_GATEWAY");
                                  _;
                              }
                              function postUpgradeInit() external {
                                  // it is assumed the L1 Arbitrum Gateway contract is behind a Proxy controlled by a proxy admin
                                  // this function can only be called by the proxy admin contract
                                  address proxyAdmin = ProxyUtil.getProxyAdmin();
                                  require(msg.sender == proxyAdmin, "NOT_FROM_ADMIN");
                                  // this has no other logic since the current upgrade doesn't require this logic
                              }
                              function _initialize(
                                  address _l2Counterpart,
                                  address _router,
                                  address _inbox
                              ) internal {
                                  TokenGateway._initialize(_l2Counterpart, _router);
                                  // L1 gateway must have a router
                                  require(_router != address(0), "BAD_ROUTER");
                                  require(_inbox != address(0), "BAD_INBOX");
                                  inbox = _inbox;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @notice Finalizes a withdrawal via Outbox message; callable only by L2Gateway.outboundTransfer
                               * @param _token L1 address of token being withdrawn from
                               * @param _from initiator of withdrawal
                               * @param _to address the L2 withdrawal call set as the destination.
                               * @param _amount Token amount being withdrawn
                               * @param _data encoded exitNum (Sequentially increasing exit counter determined by the L2Gateway) and additinal hook data
                               */
                              function finalizeInboundTransfer(
                                  address _token,
                                  address _from,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) public payable virtual override onlyCounterpartGateway {
                                  // this function is marked as virtual so superclasses can override it to add modifiers
                                  (uint256 exitNum, bytes memory callHookData) = GatewayMessageHandler.parseToL1GatewayMsg(
                                      _data
                                  );
                                  if (callHookData.length != 0) {
                                      // callHookData should always be 0 since inboundEscrowAndCall is disabled
                                      callHookData = bytes("");
                                  }
                                  // we ignore the returned data since the callHook feature is now disabled
                                  (_to, ) = getExternalCall(exitNum, _to, callHookData);
                                  inboundEscrowTransfer(_token, _to, _amount);
                                  emit WithdrawalFinalized(_token, _from, _to, exitNum, _amount);
                              }
                              function getExternalCall(
                                  uint256, /* _exitNum */
                                  address _initialDestination,
                                  bytes memory _initialData
                              ) public view virtual returns (address target, bytes memory data) {
                                  // this method is virtual so the destination of a call can be changed
                                  // using tradeable exits in a subclass (L1ArbitrumExtendedGateway)
                                  target = _initialDestination;
                                  data = _initialData;
                              }
                              function inboundEscrowTransfer(
                                  address _l1Token,
                                  address _dest,
                                  uint256 _amount
                              ) internal virtual {
                                  // this method is virtual since different subclasses can handle escrow differently
                                  IERC20(_l1Token).safeTransfer(_dest, _amount);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Only excess gas is refunded to the _refundTo account, l2 call value is always returned to the _to account
                               */
                              function createOutboundTxCustomRefund(
                                  address _refundTo,
                                  address _from,
                                  uint256, /* _tokenAmount */
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  uint256 _maxSubmissionCost,
                                  bytes memory _outboundCalldata
                              ) internal virtual returns (uint256) {
                                  // We make this function virtual since outboundTransfer logic is the same for many gateways
                                  // but sometimes (ie weth) you construct the outgoing message differently.
                                  // msg.value is sent, but 0 is set to the L2 call value
                                  // the eth sent is used to pay for the tx's gas
                                  return
                                      sendTxToL2CustomRefund(
                                          inbox,
                                          counterpartGateway,
                                          _refundTo,
                                          _from,
                                          msg.value, // we forward the L1 call value to the inbox
                                          0, // l2 call value 0 by default
                                          L2GasParams({
                                              _maxSubmissionCost: _maxSubmissionCost,
                                              _maxGas: _maxGas,
                                              _gasPriceBid: _gasPriceBid
                                          }),
                                          _outboundCalldata
                                      );
                              }
                              /**
                               * @notice DEPRECATED - look at createOutboundTxCustomRefund instead
                               */
                              function createOutboundTx(
                                  address _from,
                                  uint256 _tokenAmount,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  uint256 _maxSubmissionCost,
                                  bytes memory _outboundCalldata
                              ) internal returns (uint256) {
                                  return
                                      createOutboundTxCustomRefund(
                                          _from,
                                          _from,
                                          _tokenAmount,
                                          _maxGas,
                                          _gasPriceBid,
                                          _maxSubmissionCost,
                                          _outboundCalldata
                                      );
                              }
                              /**
                               * @notice DEPRECATED - look at outboundTransferCustomRefund instead
                               */
                              function outboundTransfer(
                                  address _l1Token,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) public payable override returns (bytes memory res) {
                                  return
                                      outboundTransferCustomRefund(_l1Token, _to, _to, _amount, _maxGas, _gasPriceBid, _data);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @notice Deposit ERC20 token from Ethereum into Arbitrum. If L2 side hasn't been deployed yet, includes name/symbol/decimals data for initial L2 deploy. Initiate by GatewayRouter.
                               * @dev L2 address alias will not be applied to the following types of addresses on L1:
                               *      - an externally-owned account
                               *      - a contract in construction
                               *      - an address where a contract will be created
                               *      - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                               * @param _l1Token L1 address of ERC20
                               * @param _refundTo Account, or its L2 alias if it have code in L1, to be credited with excess gas refund in L2
                               * @param _to Account to be credited with the tokens in the L2 (can be the user's L2 account or a contract), not subject to L2 aliasing
                                            This account, or its L2 alias if it have code in L1, will also be able to cancel the retryable ticket and receive callvalue refund
                               * @param _amount Token Amount
                               * @param _maxGas Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover L2 execution
                               * @param _gasPriceBid Gas price for L2 execution
                               * @param _data encoded data from router and user
                               * @return res abi encoded inbox sequence number
                               */
                              //  * @param maxSubmissionCost Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover base submission fee
                              function outboundTransferCustomRefund(
                                  address _l1Token,
                                  address _refundTo,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) public payable virtual override returns (bytes memory res) {
                                  require(isRouter(msg.sender), "NOT_FROM_ROUTER");
                                  // This function is set as public and virtual so that subclasses can override
                                  // it and add custom validation for callers (ie only whitelisted users)
                                  address _from;
                                  uint256 seqNum;
                                  bytes memory extraData;
                                  {
                                      uint256 _maxSubmissionCost;
                                      if (super.isRouter(msg.sender)) {
                                          // router encoded
                                          (_from, extraData) = GatewayMessageHandler.parseFromRouterToGateway(_data);
                                      } else {
                                          _from = msg.sender;
                                          extraData = _data;
                                      }
                                      // user encoded
                                      (_maxSubmissionCost, extraData) = abi.decode(extraData, (uint256, bytes));
                                      // the inboundEscrowAndCall functionality has been disabled, so no data is allowed
                                      require(extraData.length == 0, "EXTRA_DATA_DISABLED");
                                      require(_l1Token.isContract(), "L1_NOT_CONTRACT");
                                      address l2Token = calculateL2TokenAddress(_l1Token);
                                      require(l2Token != address(0), "NO_L2_TOKEN_SET");
                                      _amount = outboundEscrowTransfer(_l1Token, _from, _amount);
                                      // we override the res field to save on the stack
                                      res = getOutboundCalldata(_l1Token, _from, _to, _amount, extraData);
                                      seqNum = createOutboundTxCustomRefund(
                                          _refundTo,
                                          _from,
                                          _amount,
                                          _maxGas,
                                          _gasPriceBid,
                                          _maxSubmissionCost,
                                          res
                                      );
                                  }
                                  emit DepositInitiated(_l1Token, _from, _to, seqNum, _amount);
                                  return abi.encode(seqNum);
                              }
                              function outboundEscrowTransfer(
                                  address _l1Token,
                                  address _from,
                                  uint256 _amount
                              ) internal virtual returns (uint256 amountReceived) {
                                  // this method is virtual since different subclasses can handle escrow differently
                                  // user funds are escrowed on the gateway using this function
                                  uint256 prevBalance = IERC20(_l1Token).balanceOf(address(this));
                                  IERC20(_l1Token).safeTransferFrom(_from, address(this), _amount);
                                  uint256 postBalance = IERC20(_l1Token).balanceOf(address(this));
                                  return SafeMath.sub(postBalance, prevBalance);
                              }
                              function getOutboundCalldata(
                                  address _l1Token,
                                  address _from,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) public view virtual override returns (bytes memory outboundCalldata) {
                                  // this function is public so users can query how much calldata will be sent to the L2
                                  // before execution
                                  // it is virtual since different gateway subclasses can build this calldata differently
                                  // ( ie the standard ERC20 gateway queries for a tokens name/symbol/decimals )
                                  bytes memory emptyBytes = "";
                                  outboundCalldata = abi.encodeWithSelector(
                                      ITokenGateway.finalizeInboundTransfer.selector,
                                      _l1Token,
                                      _from,
                                      _to,
                                      _amount,
                                      GatewayMessageHandler.encodeToL2GatewayMsg(emptyBytes, _data)
                                  );
                                  return outboundCalldata;
                              }
                              function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
                                  public
                                  view
                                  virtual
                                  override(ERC165, IERC165)
                                  returns (bool)
                              {
                                  // registering interfaces that is added after arb-bridge-peripherals >1.0.11
                                  // using function selector instead of single function interfaces to reduce bloat
                                  return
                                      interfaceId == this.outboundTransferCustomRefund.selector ||
                                      super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
                           */
                          interface IERC20Upgradeable {
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
                               */
                              function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
                               */
                              function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
                               *
                               * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                               *
                               * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                               */
                              function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
                               * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
                               * zero by default.
                               *
                               * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
                               */
                              function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
                               *
                               * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                               *
                               * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
                               * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
                               * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
                               * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
                               * desired value afterwards:
                               * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
                               *
                               * Emits an {Approval} event.
                               */
                              function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
                              /**
                               * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
                               * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
                               * allowance.
                               *
                               * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                               *
                               * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                               */
                              function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
                              /**
                               * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
                               * another (`to`).
                               *
                               * Note that `value` may be zero.
                               */
                              event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
                              /**
                               * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
                               * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
                               */
                              event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          import "../../utils/Context.sol";
                          import "./IERC20.sol";
                          import "../../math/SafeMath.sol";
                          /**
                           * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
                           *
                           * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
                           * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
                           * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
                           *
                           * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
                           * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
                           * to implement supply mechanisms].
                           *
                           * We have followed general OpenZeppelin guidelines: functions revert instead
                           * of returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless conventional
                           * and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20 applications.
                           *
                           * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
                           * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
                           * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
                           * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
                           *
                           * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
                           * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
                           * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
                           */
                          contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20 {
                              using SafeMath for uint256;
                              mapping (address => uint256) private _balances;
                              mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) private _allowances;
                              uint256 private _totalSupply;
                              string private _name;
                              string private _symbol;
                              uint8 private _decimals;
                              /**
                               * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}, initializes {decimals} with
                               * a default value of 18.
                               *
                               * To select a different value for {decimals}, use {_setupDecimals}.
                               *
                               * All three of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
                               * construction.
                               */
                              constructor (string memory name_, string memory symbol_) public {
                                  _name = name_;
                                  _symbol = symbol_;
                                  _decimals = 18;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the name of the token.
                               */
                              function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
                                  return _name;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
                               * name.
                               */
                              function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
                                  return _symbol;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
                               * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
                               * be displayed to a user as `5,05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
                               *
                               * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
                               * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless {_setupDecimals} is
                               * called.
                               *
                               * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
                               * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
                               * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
                               */
                              function decimals() public view virtual returns (uint8) {
                                  return _decimals;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
                               */
                              function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
                                  return _totalSupply;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
                               */
                              function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
                                  return _balances[account];
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
                               * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
                               */
                              function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
                                  _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
                                  return true;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
                               */
                              function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
                                  return _allowances[owner][spender];
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
                               */
                              function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
                                  _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount);
                                  return true;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
                               *
                               * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
                               * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `sender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
                               * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
                               * - the caller must have allowance for ``sender``'s tokens of at least
                               * `amount`.
                               */
                              function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
                                  _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
                                  _approve(sender, _msgSender(), _allowances[sender][_msgSender()].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance"));
                                  return true;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
                               *
                               * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
                               * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
                               *
                               * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
                               */
                              function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
                                  _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].add(addedValue));
                                  return true;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
                               *
                               * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
                               * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
                               *
                               * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
                               * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
                               * `subtractedValue`.
                               */
                              function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
                                  _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].sub(subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero"));
                                  return true;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Moves tokens `amount` from `sender` to `recipient`.
                               *
                               * This is internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
                               * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
                               *
                               * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `sender` cannot be the zero address.
                               * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
                               * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
                               */
                              function _transfer(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
                                  require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
                                  require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");
                                  _beforeTokenTransfer(sender, recipient, amount);
                                  _balances[sender] = _balances[sender].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
                                  _balances[recipient] = _balances[recipient].add(amount);
                                  emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
                              }
                              /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
                               * the total supply.
                               *
                               * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
                               */
                              function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
                                  require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");
                                  _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
                                  _totalSupply = _totalSupply.add(amount);
                                  _balances[account] = _balances[account].add(amount);
                                  emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
                               * total supply.
                               *
                               * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
                               * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
                               */
                              function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
                                  require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");
                                  _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
                                  _balances[account] = _balances[account].sub(amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
                                  _totalSupply = _totalSupply.sub(amount);
                                  emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
                               *
                               * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
                               * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
                               *
                               * Emits an {Approval} event.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
                               * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
                               */
                              function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
                                  require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
                                  require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");
                                  _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
                                  emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Sets {decimals} to a value other than the default one of 18.
                               *
                               * WARNING: This function should only be called from the constructor. Most
                               * applications that interact with token contracts will not expect
                               * {decimals} to ever change, and may work incorrectly if it does.
                               */
                              function _setupDecimals(uint8 decimals_) internal virtual {
                                  _decimals = decimals_;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
                               * minting and burning.
                               *
                               * Calling conditions:
                               *
                               * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
                               * will be to transferred to `to`.
                               * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
                               * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
                               * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
                               *
                               * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
                               */
                              function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual { }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          import "./IERC20.sol";
                          import "../../math/SafeMath.sol";
                          import "../../utils/Address.sol";
                          /**
                           * @title SafeERC20
                           * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
                           * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
                           * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
                           * successful.
                           * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
                           * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
                           */
                          library SafeERC20 {
                              using SafeMath for uint256;
                              using Address for address;
                              function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
                                  _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
                              }
                              function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
                                  _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
                               * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
                               *
                               * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
                               * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
                               */
                              function safeApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                                  // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
                                  // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
                                  // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
                                  require((value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
                                      "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
                                  );
                                  _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
                              }
                              function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                                  uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender).add(value);
                                  _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
                              }
                              function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
                                  uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender).sub(value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
                                  _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
                               * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
                               * @param token The token targeted by the call.
                               * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
                               */
                              function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
                                  // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
                                  // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
                                  // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.
                                  bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
                                  if (returndata.length > 0) { // Return data is optional
                                      // solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
                                      require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
                           */
                          library Address {
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
                               *
                               * [IMPORTANT]
                               * ====
                               * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
                               * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
                               *
                               * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
                               * types of addresses:
                               *
                               *  - an externally-owned account
                               *  - a contract in construction
                               *  - an address where a contract will be created
                               *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                               * ====
                               */
                              function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                                  // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
                                  // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
                                  // constructor execution.
                                  uint256 size;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                  assembly { size := extcodesize(account) }
                                  return size > 0;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                               * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                               *
                               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                               * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                               * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                               * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                               *
                               * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                               *
                               * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                               * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                               * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                               * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                               */
                              function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                                  require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
                                  (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
                                  require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                               * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                               * function instead.
                               *
                               * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
                               * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
                               *
                               * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                               * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `target` must be a contract.
                               * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
                               * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                               * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
                               * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{ value: value }(data);
                                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a static call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.3._
                               */
                              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a static call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.3._
                               */
                              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a delegate call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a delegate call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
                                  return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              function _verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure returns(bytes memory) {
                                  if (success) {
                                      return returndata;
                                  } else {
                                      // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                                      if (returndata.length > 0) {
                                          // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                                          // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                                          assembly {
                                              let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                                              revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                                          }
                                      } else {
                                          revert(errorMessage);
                                      }
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
                           * checks.
                           *
                           * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
                           * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
                           * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
                           * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
                           * operation overflows.
                           *
                           * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
                           * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
                           */
                          library SafeMath {
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                                  uint256 c = a + b;
                                  if (c < a) return (false, 0);
                                  return (true, c);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the substraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                                  if (b > a) return (false, 0);
                                  return (true, a - b);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                                  // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
                                  // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
                                  // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
                                  if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
                                  uint256 c = a * b;
                                  if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
                                  return (true, c);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                                  if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
                                  return (true, a / b);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.4._
                               */
                              function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
                                  if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
                                  return (true, a % b);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
                               * overflow.
                               *
                               * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - Addition cannot overflow.
                               */
                              function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                  uint256 c = a + b;
                                  require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");
                                  return c;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
                               * overflow (when the result is negative).
                               *
                               * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
                               */
                              function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                  require(b <= a, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
                                  return a - b;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
                               * overflow.
                               *
                               * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
                               */
                              function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                  if (a == 0) return 0;
                                  uint256 c = a * b;
                                  require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");
                                  return c;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers, reverting on
                               * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
                               *
                               * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
                               * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
                               * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - The divisor cannot be zero.
                               */
                              function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                  require(b > 0, "SafeMath: division by zero");
                                  return a / b;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
                               * reverting when dividing by zero.
                               *
                               * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
                               * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
                               * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - The divisor cannot be zero.
                               */
                              function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                  require(b > 0, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
                                  return a % b;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
                               * overflow (when the result is negative).
                               *
                               * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
                               * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {trySub}.
                               *
                               * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
                               */
                              function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                  require(b <= a, errorMessage);
                                  return a - b;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
                               * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
                               *
                               * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
                               * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryDiv}.
                               *
                               * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
                               * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
                               * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - The divisor cannot be zero.
                               */
                              function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                  require(b > 0, errorMessage);
                                  return a / b;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
                               * reverting with custom message when dividing by zero.
                               *
                               * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
                               * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryMod}.
                               *
                               * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
                               * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
                               * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - The divisor cannot be zero.
                               */
                              function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                                  require(b > 0, errorMessage);
                                  return a % b;
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          import "./IBridge.sol";
                          import "./IMessageProvider.sol";
                          interface IInbox is IMessageProvider {
                              function sendL2Message(bytes calldata messageData) external returns (uint256);
                              function sendUnsignedTransaction(
                                  uint256 maxGas,
                                  uint256 gasPriceBid,
                                  uint256 nonce,
                                  address destAddr,
                                  uint256 amount,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external returns (uint256);
                              function sendContractTransaction(
                                  uint256 maxGas,
                                  uint256 gasPriceBid,
                                  address destAddr,
                                  uint256 amount,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external returns (uint256);
                              function sendL1FundedUnsignedTransaction(
                                  uint256 maxGas,
                                  uint256 gasPriceBid,
                                  uint256 nonce,
                                  address destAddr,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function sendL1FundedContractTransaction(
                                  uint256 maxGas,
                                  uint256 gasPriceBid,
                                  address destAddr,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function createRetryableTicket(
                                  address destAddr,
                                  uint256 arbTxCallValue,
                                  uint256 maxSubmissionCost,
                                  address submissionRefundAddress,
                                  address valueRefundAddress,
                                  uint256 maxGas,
                                  uint256 gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function unsafeCreateRetryableTicket(
                                  address destAddr,
                                  uint256 arbTxCallValue,
                                  uint256 maxSubmissionCost,
                                  address submissionRefundAddress,
                                  address valueRefundAddress,
                                  uint256 maxGas,
                                  uint256 gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function depositEth(uint256 maxSubmissionCost) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function bridge() external view returns (IBridge);
                              function pauseCreateRetryables() external;
                              function unpauseCreateRetryables() external;
                              function startRewriteAddress() external;
                              function stopRewriteAddress() external;
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          library ProxyUtil {
                              function getProxyAdmin() internal view returns (address admin) {
                                  // https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v3.4.0/contracts/proxy/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol#L48
                                  // Storage slot with the admin of the proxy contract.
                                  // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
                                  bytes32 slot = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
                                  assembly {
                                      admin := sload(slot)
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          import "arb-bridge-eth/contracts/bridge/interfaces/IInbox.sol";
                          import "arb-bridge-eth/contracts/bridge/interfaces/IOutbox.sol";
                          /// @notice L1 utility contract to assist with L1 <=> L2 interactions
                          /// @dev this is an abstract contract instead of library so the functions can be easily overriden when testing
                          abstract contract L1ArbitrumMessenger {
                              event TxToL2(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint256 indexed _seqNum, bytes _data);
                              struct L2GasParams {
                                  uint256 _maxSubmissionCost;
                                  uint256 _maxGas;
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid;
                              }
                              function sendTxToL2CustomRefund(
                                  address _inbox,
                                  address _to,
                                  address _refundTo,
                                  address _user,
                                  uint256 _l1CallValue,
                                  uint256 _l2CallValue,
                                  L2GasParams memory _l2GasParams,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) internal returns (uint256) {
                                  // alternative function entry point when struggling with the stack size
                                  return
                                      sendTxToL2CustomRefund(
                                          _inbox,
                                          _to,
                                          _refundTo,
                                          _user,
                                          _l1CallValue,
                                          _l2CallValue,
                                          _l2GasParams._maxSubmissionCost,
                                          _l2GasParams._maxGas,
                                          _l2GasParams._gasPriceBid,
                                          _data
                                      );
                              }
                              function sendTxToL2(
                                  address _inbox,
                                  address _to,
                                  address _user,
                                  uint256 _l1CallValue,
                                  uint256 _l2CallValue,
                                  L2GasParams memory _l2GasParams,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) internal returns (uint256) {
                                  // alternative function entry point when struggling with the stack size
                                  return
                                      sendTxToL2(
                                          _inbox,
                                          _to,
                                          _user,
                                          _l1CallValue,
                                          _l2CallValue,
                                          _l2GasParams._maxSubmissionCost,
                                          _l2GasParams._maxGas,
                                          _l2GasParams._gasPriceBid,
                                          _data
                                      );
                              }
                              function sendTxToL2CustomRefund(
                                  address _inbox,
                                  address _to,
                                  address _refundTo,
                                  address _user,
                                  uint256 _l1CallValue,
                                  uint256 _l2CallValue,
                                  uint256 _maxSubmissionCost,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) internal returns (uint256) {
                                  uint256 seqNum = IInbox(_inbox).createRetryableTicket{ value: _l1CallValue }(
                                      _to,
                                      _l2CallValue,
                                      _maxSubmissionCost,
                                      _refundTo, // only refund excess fee to the custom address
                                      _user, // user can cancel the retryable and receive call value refund
                                      _maxGas,
                                      _gasPriceBid,
                                      _data
                                  );
                                  emit TxToL2(_user, _to, seqNum, _data);
                                  return seqNum;
                              }
                              function sendTxToL2(
                                  address _inbox,
                                  address _to,
                                  address _user,
                                  uint256 _l1CallValue,
                                  uint256 _l2CallValue,
                                  uint256 _maxSubmissionCost,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) internal returns (uint256) {
                                  return
                                      sendTxToL2CustomRefund(
                                          _inbox,
                                          _to,
                                          _user,
                                          _user,
                                          _l1CallValue,
                                          _l2CallValue,
                                          _maxSubmissionCost,
                                          _maxGas,
                                          _gasPriceBid,
                                          _data
                                      );
                              }
                              function getBridge(address _inbox) internal view returns (IBridge) {
                                  return IInbox(_inbox).bridge();
                              }
                              /// @dev the l2ToL1Sender behaves as the tx.origin, the msg.sender should be validated to protect against reentrancies
                              function getL2ToL1Sender(address _inbox) internal view returns (address) {
                                  IOutbox outbox = IOutbox(getBridge(_inbox).activeOutbox());
                                  address l2ToL1Sender = outbox.l2ToL1Sender();
                                  require(l2ToL1Sender != address(0), "NO_SENDER");
                                  return l2ToL1Sender;
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          /// @notice this library manages encoding and decoding of gateway communication
                          library GatewayMessageHandler {
                              // these are for communication from L1 to L2 gateway
                              function encodeToL2GatewayMsg(bytes memory gatewayData, bytes memory callHookData)
                                  internal
                                  pure
                                  returns (bytes memory res)
                              {
                                  res = abi.encode(gatewayData, callHookData);
                              }
                              function parseFromL1GatewayMsg(bytes calldata _data)
                                  internal
                                  pure
                                  returns (bytes memory gatewayData, bytes memory callHookData)
                              {
                                  // abi decode may revert, but the encoding is done by L1 gateway, so we trust it
                                  (gatewayData, callHookData) = abi.decode(_data, (bytes, bytes));
                              }
                              // these are for communication from L2 to L1 gateway
                              function encodeFromL2GatewayMsg(uint256 exitNum, bytes memory callHookData)
                                  internal
                                  pure
                                  returns (bytes memory res)
                              {
                                  res = abi.encode(exitNum, callHookData);
                              }
                              function parseToL1GatewayMsg(bytes calldata _data)
                                  internal
                                  pure
                                  returns (uint256 exitNum, bytes memory callHookData)
                              {
                                  // abi decode may revert, but the encoding is done by L1 gateway, so we trust it
                                  (exitNum, callHookData) = abi.decode(_data, (uint256, bytes));
                              }
                              // these are for communication from router to gateway
                              function encodeFromRouterToGateway(address _from, bytes calldata _data)
                                  internal
                                  pure
                                  returns (bytes memory res)
                              {
                                  // abi decode may revert, but the encoding is done by L1 gateway, so we trust it
                                  return abi.encode(_from, _data);
                              }
                              function parseFromRouterToGateway(bytes calldata _data)
                                  internal
                                  pure
                                  returns (address, bytes memory res)
                              {
                                  // abi decode may revert, but the encoding is done by L1 gateway, so we trust it
                                  return abi.decode(_data, (address, bytes));
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          import "./ITokenGateway.sol";
                          import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
                          abstract contract TokenGateway is ITokenGateway {
                              using Address for address;
                              address public counterpartGateway;
                              address public router;
                              // This modifier is overriden in gateways to validate the message sender
                              // For L1 to L2 messages need to be validated against the aliased counterpartGateway
                              // For L2 to L1 messages need to be validated against the bridge and L2ToL1Sender
                              // prettier-ignore
                              modifier onlyCounterpartGateway() virtual;
                              function _initialize(address _counterpartGateway, address _router) internal virtual {
                                  // This initializes internal variables of the abstract contract it can be chained together with other functions.
                                  // It is virtual so subclasses can override or wrap around this logic.
                                  // An example where this is useful is different subclasses that validate the router address differently
                                  require(_counterpartGateway != address(0), "INVALID_COUNTERPART");
                                  require(counterpartGateway == address(0), "ALREADY_INIT");
                                  counterpartGateway = _counterpartGateway;
                                  router = _router;
                              }
                              function isRouter(address _target) internal view returns (bool isTargetRouter) {
                                  return _target == router;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @notice Calculate the address used when bridging an ERC20 token
                               * @dev the L1 and L2 address oracles may not always be in sync.
                               * For example, a custom token may have been registered but not deploy or the contract self destructed.
                               * @param l1ERC20 address of L1 token
                               * @return L2 address of a bridged ERC20 token
                               */
                              function calculateL2TokenAddress(address l1ERC20)
                                  public
                                  view
                                  virtual
                                  override
                                  returns (address);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          import "../../libraries/gateway/ITokenGateway.sol";
                          import "../../libraries/IERC165.sol";
                          /**
                           * @title Common interface for gatways on L1 messaging to Arbitrum.
                           */
                          interface IL1ArbitrumGateway is ITokenGateway, IERC165 {
                              function inbox() external view returns (address);
                              /**
                               * @notice Deposit ERC20 token from Ethereum into Arbitrum. If L2 side hasn't been deployed yet, includes name/symbol/decimals data for initial L2 deploy. Initiate by GatewayRouter.
                               * @dev L2 address alias will not be applied to the following types of addresses on L1:
                               *      - an externally-owned account
                               *      - a contract in construction
                               *      - an address where a contract will be created
                               *      - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                               * @param _l1Token L1 address of ERC20
                               * @param _refundTo Account, or its L2 alias if it have code in L1, to be credited with excess gas refund in L2
                               * @param _to Account to be credited with the tokens in the L2 (can be the user's L2 account or a contract), not subject to L2 aliasing
                                            This account, or its L2 alias if it have code in L1, will also be able to cancel the retryable ticket and receive callvalue refund
                               * @param _amount Token Amount
                               * @param _maxGas Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover L2 execution
                               * @param _gasPriceBid Gas price for L2 execution
                               * @param _data encoded data from router and user
                               * @return res abi encoded inbox sequence number
                               */
                              //  * @param maxSubmissionCost Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover base submission fee
                              function outboundTransferCustomRefund(
                                  address _l1Token,
                                  address _refundTo,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) external payable returns (bytes memory);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)
                          // With pragma modification to support ^0.6.11
                          // https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/release-v4.6/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol
                          pragma solidity ^0.6.11;
                          import "./IERC165.sol";
                          /**
                           * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
                           *
                           * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
                           * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
                           *
                           * ```solidity
                           * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
                           *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
                           * }
                           * ```
                           *
                           * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
                           */
                          abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
                              /**
                               * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
                               */
                              function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
                                  return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          /*
                           * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
                           * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
                           * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
                           * manner, since when dealing with GSN meta-transactions the account sending and
                           * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
                           * is concerned).
                           *
                           * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
                           */
                          abstract contract Context {
                              function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address payable) {
                                  return msg.sender;
                              }
                              function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes memory) {
                                  this; // silence state mutability warning without generating bytecode - see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2691
                                  return msg.data;
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
                           */
                          interface IERC20 {
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
                               */
                              function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
                               */
                              function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
                               *
                               * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                               *
                               * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                               */
                              function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
                               * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
                               * zero by default.
                               *
                               * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
                               */
                              function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
                               *
                               * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                               *
                               * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
                               * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
                               * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
                               * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
                               * desired value afterwards:
                               * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
                               *
                               * Emits an {Approval} event.
                               */
                              function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
                              /**
                               * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
                               * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
                               * allowance.
                               *
                               * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
                               *
                               * Emits a {Transfer} event.
                               */
                              function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
                              /**
                               * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
                               * another (`to`).
                               *
                               * Note that `value` may be zero.
                               */
                              event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
                              /**
                               * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
                               * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
                               */
                              event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          interface IBridge {
                              event MessageDelivered(
                                  uint256 indexed messageIndex,
                                  bytes32 indexed beforeInboxAcc,
                                  address inbox,
                                  uint8 kind,
                                  address sender,
                                  bytes32 messageDataHash
                              );
                              event BridgeCallTriggered(
                                  address indexed outbox,
                                  address indexed destAddr,
                                  uint256 amount,
                                  bytes data
                              );
                              event InboxToggle(address indexed inbox, bool enabled);
                              event OutboxToggle(address indexed outbox, bool enabled);
                              function deliverMessageToInbox(
                                  uint8 kind,
                                  address sender,
                                  bytes32 messageDataHash
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function executeCall(
                                  address destAddr,
                                  uint256 amount,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external returns (bool success, bytes memory returnData);
                              // These are only callable by the admin
                              function setInbox(address inbox, bool enabled) external;
                              function setOutbox(address inbox, bool enabled) external;
                              // View functions
                              function activeOutbox() external view returns (address);
                              function allowedInboxes(address inbox) external view returns (bool);
                              function allowedOutboxes(address outbox) external view returns (bool);
                              function inboxAccs(uint256 index) external view returns (bytes32);
                              function messageCount() external view returns (uint256);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          interface IMessageProvider {
                              event InboxMessageDelivered(uint256 indexed messageNum, bytes data);
                              event InboxMessageDeliveredFromOrigin(uint256 indexed messageNum);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          interface IOutbox {
                              event OutboxEntryCreated(
                                  uint256 indexed batchNum,
                                  uint256 outboxEntryIndex,
                                  bytes32 outputRoot,
                                  uint256 numInBatch
                              );
                              event OutBoxTransactionExecuted(
                                  address indexed destAddr,
                                  address indexed l2Sender,
                                  uint256 indexed outboxEntryIndex,
                                  uint256 transactionIndex
                              );
                              function l2ToL1Sender() external view returns (address);
                              function l2ToL1Block() external view returns (uint256);
                              function l2ToL1EthBlock() external view returns (uint256);
                              function l2ToL1Timestamp() external view returns (uint256);
                              function l2ToL1BatchNum() external view returns (uint256);
                              function l2ToL1OutputId() external view returns (bytes32);
                              function processOutgoingMessages(bytes calldata sendsData, uint256[] calldata sendLengths)
                                  external;
                              function outboxEntryExists(uint256 batchNum) external view returns (bool);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
                          /*
                           * Copyright 2020, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                           *
                           * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
                           * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
                           * You may obtain a copy of the License at
                           *
                           *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
                           *
                           * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
                           * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
                           * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
                           * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
                           * limitations under the License.
                           */
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          interface ITokenGateway {
                              /// @notice event deprecated in favor of DepositInitiated and WithdrawalInitiated
                              // event OutboundTransferInitiated(
                              //     address token,
                              //     address indexed _from,
                              //     address indexed _to,
                              //     uint256 indexed _transferId,
                              //     uint256 _amount,
                              //     bytes _data
                              // );
                              /// @notice event deprecated in favor of DepositFinalized and WithdrawalFinalized
                              // event InboundTransferFinalized(
                              //     address token,
                              //     address indexed _from,
                              //     address indexed _to,
                              //     uint256 indexed _transferId,
                              //     uint256 _amount,
                              //     bytes _data
                              // );
                              function outboundTransfer(
                                  address _token,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  uint256 _maxGas,
                                  uint256 _gasPriceBid,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) external payable returns (bytes memory);
                              function finalizeInboundTransfer(
                                  address _token,
                                  address _from,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  bytes calldata _data
                              ) external payable;
                              /**
                               * @notice Calculate the address used when bridging an ERC20 token
                               * @dev the L1 and L2 address oracles may not always be in sync.
                               * For example, a custom token may have been registered but not deploy or the contract self destructed.
                               * @param l1ERC20 address of L1 token
                               * @return L2 address of a bridged ERC20 token
                               */
                              function calculateL2TokenAddress(address l1ERC20) external view returns (address);
                              function getOutboundCalldata(
                                  address _token,
                                  address _from,
                                  address _to,
                                  uint256 _amount,
                                  bytes memory _data
                              ) external view returns (bytes memory);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)
                          // With pragma modification to allow interface compatibility with >=0.6.9 <0.9.0
                          // https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/release-v4.6/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          /**
                           * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
                           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
                           *
                           * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
                           * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
                           *
                           * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
                           */
                          interface IERC165 {
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
                               * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
                               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
                               * to learn more about how these ids are created.
                               *
                               * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
                               */
                              function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
                          }
                          

                          File 8 of 9: Magic
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import '@solidstate/contracts/access/OwnableInternal.sol';
                          import '@solidstate/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol';
                          import './IMagic.sol';
                          contract Magic is IMagic, ERC20, OwnableInternal {
                              uint256 public teamMintAmount;
                              mapping(address => bool) private whitelist;
                              function setWhitelist(address[] calldata minters) external onlyOwner {
                                  require(!whitelist[address(this)], 'Magic: whitelist already set');
                                  for (uint256 i; i < minters.length; i++) {
                                      whitelist[minters[i]] = true;
                                  }
                                  whitelist[address(this)] = true;
                              }
                              function mint(address account, uint256 amount) external override {
                                  require(whitelist[msg.sender], 'Magic: sender must be whitelisted');
                                  _mint(account, amount);
                              }
                              function teamMint(address account, uint256 amount) external onlyOwner {
                                  require(
                                      (totalSupply() + amount) / (teamMintAmount + amount) >= 10,
                                      'Magic: excessive mint'
                                  );
                                  _mint(account, amount);
                                  teamMintAmount += amount;
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {OwnableStorage} from './OwnableStorage.sol';
                          abstract contract OwnableInternal {
                            using OwnableStorage for OwnableStorage.Layout;
                            modifier onlyOwner {
                              require(
                                msg.sender == OwnableStorage.layout().owner,
                                'Ownable: sender must be owner'
                              );
                              _;
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {ERC20Base} from './base/ERC20Base.sol';
                          import {ERC20Extended} from './extended/ERC20Extended.sol';
                          import {ERC20Metadata} from './metadata/ERC20Metadata.sol';
                          /**
                           * @title SolidState ERC20 implementation, including recommended extensions
                           */
                          abstract contract ERC20 is ERC20Base, ERC20Extended, ERC20Metadata {}
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import '@solidstate/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol';
                          interface IMagic is IERC20 {
                              function mint(address account, uint256 amount) external;
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          library OwnableStorage {
                            struct Layout {
                              address owner;
                            }
                            bytes32 internal constant STORAGE_SLOT = keccak256(
                              'solidstate.contracts.storage.Ownable'
                            );
                            function layout () internal pure returns (Layout storage l) {
                              bytes32 slot = STORAGE_SLOT;
                              assembly { l.slot := slot }
                            }
                            function setOwner (
                              Layout storage l,
                              address owner
                            ) internal {
                              l.owner = owner;
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {IERC20} from '../IERC20.sol';
                          import {ERC20BaseInternal} from './ERC20BaseInternal.sol';
                          import {ERC20BaseStorage} from './ERC20BaseStorage.sol';
                          /**
                           * @title Base ERC20 implementation, excluding optional extensions
                           */
                          abstract contract ERC20Base is IERC20, ERC20BaseInternal {
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IERC20
                             */
                            function totalSupply () override virtual public view returns (uint) {
                              return _totalSupply();
                            }
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IERC20
                             */
                            function balanceOf (
                              address account
                            ) override virtual public view returns (uint) {
                              return _balanceOf(account);
                            }
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IERC20
                             */
                            function allowance (
                              address holder,
                              address spender
                            ) override virtual public view returns (uint) {
                              return ERC20BaseStorage.layout().allowances[holder][spender];
                            }
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IERC20
                             */
                            function approve (
                              address spender,
                              uint amount
                            ) override virtual public returns (bool) {
                              _approve(msg.sender, spender, amount);
                              return true;
                            }
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IERC20
                             */
                            function transfer (
                              address recipient,
                              uint amount
                            ) override virtual public returns (bool) {
                              _transfer(msg.sender, recipient, amount);
                              return true;
                            }
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IERC20
                             */
                            function transferFrom (
                              address holder,
                              address recipient,
                              uint amount
                            ) override virtual public returns (bool) {
                              uint256 currentAllowance = ERC20BaseStorage.layout().allowances[holder][msg.sender];
                              require(currentAllowance >= amount, 'ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance');
                              unchecked {
                                _approve(holder, msg.sender, currentAllowance - amount);
                              }
                              _transfer(holder, recipient, amount);
                              return true;
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {ERC20Base, ERC20BaseStorage} from '../base/ERC20Base.sol';
                          /**
                           * @title ERC20 safe approval extensions
                           * @dev mitigations for transaction-ordering vulnerability (see https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729)
                           */
                          abstract contract ERC20Extended is ERC20Base {
                            /**
                             * @notice increase spend amount granted to spender
                             * @param spender address whose allowance to increase
                             * @param amount quantity by which to increase allowance
                             * @return success status (always true; otherwise function will revert)
                             */
                            function increaseAllowance (address spender, uint amount) virtual public returns (bool) {
                              unchecked {
                                mapping (address => uint) storage allowances = ERC20BaseStorage.layout().allowances[msg.sender];
                                uint allowance = allowances[spender];
                                require(allowance + amount >= allowance, 'ERC20Extended: excessive allowance');
                                _approve(
                                  msg.sender,
                                  spender,
                                  allowances[spender] = allowance + amount
                                );
                                return true;
                              }
                            }
                            /**
                             * @notice decrease spend amount granted to spender
                             * @param spender address whose allowance to decrease
                             * @param amount quantity by which to decrease allowance
                             * @return success status (always true; otherwise function will revert)
                             */
                            function decreaseAllowance (address spender, uint amount) virtual public returns (bool) {
                              unchecked {
                                mapping (address => uint) storage allowances = ERC20BaseStorage.layout().allowances[msg.sender];
                                uint allowance = allowances[spender];
                                require(amount <= allowance, 'ERC20Extended: insufficient allowance');
                                _approve(
                                  msg.sender,
                                  spender,
                                  allowances[spender] = allowance - amount
                                );
                                return true;
                              }
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {ERC20MetadataStorage} from './ERC20MetadataStorage.sol';
                          import {IERC20Metadata} from './IERC20Metadata.sol';
                          /**
                           * @title ERC20 metadata extensions
                           */
                          abstract contract ERC20Metadata is IERC20Metadata {
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IERC20Metadata
                             */
                            function name () virtual override public view returns (string memory) {
                              return ERC20MetadataStorage.layout().name;
                            }
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IERC20Metadata
                             */
                            function symbol () virtual override public view returns (string memory) {
                              return ERC20MetadataStorage.layout().symbol;
                            }
                            /**
                             * @inheritdoc IERC20Metadata
                             */
                            function decimals () virtual override public view returns (uint8) {
                              return ERC20MetadataStorage.layout().decimals;
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {IERC20Internal} from './IERC20Internal.sol';
                          /**
                           * @title ERC20 interface
                           * @dev see https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
                           */
                          interface IERC20 is IERC20Internal {
                            /**
                             * @notice query the total minted token supply
                             * @return token supply
                             */
                            function totalSupply () external view returns (uint256);
                            /**
                             * @notice query the token balance of given account
                             * @param account address to query
                             * @return token balance
                             */
                            function balanceOf (
                              address account
                            ) external view returns (uint256);
                            /**
                             * @notice query the allowance granted from given holder to given spender
                             * @param holder approver of allowance
                             * @param spender recipient of allowance
                             * @return token allowance
                             */
                            function allowance (
                              address holder,
                              address spender
                            ) external view returns (uint256);
                            /**
                             * @notice grant approval to spender to spend tokens
                             * @dev prefer ERC20Extended functions to avoid transaction-ordering vulnerability (see https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729)
                             * @param spender recipient of allowance
                             * @param amount quantity of tokens approved for spending
                             * @return success status (always true; otherwise function should revert)
                             */
                            function approve (
                              address spender,
                              uint256 amount
                            ) external returns (bool);
                            /**
                             * @notice transfer tokens to given recipient
                             * @param recipient beneficiary of token transfer
                             * @param amount quantity of tokens to transfer
                             * @return success status (always true; otherwise function should revert)
                             */
                            function transfer (
                              address recipient,
                              uint256 amount
                            ) external returns (bool);
                            /**
                             * @notice transfer tokens to given recipient on behalf of given holder
                             * @param holder holder of tokens prior to transfer
                             * @param recipient beneficiary of token transfer
                             * @param amount quantity of tokens to transfer
                             * @return success status (always true; otherwise function should revert)
                             */
                            function transferFrom (
                              address holder,
                              address recipient,
                              uint256 amount
                            ) external returns (bool);
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {IERC20Internal} from '../IERC20Internal.sol';
                          import {ERC20BaseStorage} from './ERC20BaseStorage.sol';
                          /**
                           * @title Base ERC20 implementation, excluding optional extensions
                           */
                          abstract contract ERC20BaseInternal is IERC20Internal {
                            /**
                             * @notice query the total minted token supply
                             * @return token supply
                             */
                            function _totalSupply () virtual internal view returns (uint) {
                              return ERC20BaseStorage.layout().totalSupply;
                            }
                            /**
                             * @notice query the token balance of given account
                             * @param account address to query
                             * @return token balance
                             */
                            function _balanceOf (
                              address account
                            ) virtual internal view returns (uint) {
                              return ERC20BaseStorage.layout().balances[account];
                            }
                            /**
                             * @notice enable spender to spend tokens on behalf of holder
                             * @param holder address on whose behalf tokens may be spent
                             * @param spender recipient of allowance
                             * @param amount quantity of tokens approved for spending
                             */
                            function _approve (
                              address holder,
                              address spender,
                              uint amount
                            ) virtual internal {
                              require(holder != address(0), 'ERC20: approve from the zero address');
                              require(spender != address(0), 'ERC20: approve to the zero address');
                              ERC20BaseStorage.layout().allowances[holder][spender] = amount;
                              emit Approval(holder, spender, amount);
                            }
                            /**
                             * @notice mint tokens for given account
                             * @param account recipient of minted tokens
                             * @param amount quantity of tokens minted
                             */
                            function _mint (
                              address account,
                              uint amount
                            ) virtual internal {
                              require(account != address(0), 'ERC20: mint to the zero address');
                              _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
                              ERC20BaseStorage.Layout storage l = ERC20BaseStorage.layout();
                              l.totalSupply += amount;
                              l.balances[account] += amount;
                              emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
                            }
                            /**
                             * @notice burn tokens held by given account
                             * @param account holder of burned tokens
                             * @param amount quantity of tokens burned
                             */
                            function _burn (
                              address account,
                              uint amount
                            ) virtual internal {
                              require(account != address(0), 'ERC20: burn from the zero address');
                              _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
                              ERC20BaseStorage.Layout storage l = ERC20BaseStorage.layout();
                              uint256 balance = l.balances[account];
                              require(balance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
                              unchecked {
                                l.balances[account] = balance - amount;
                              }
                              l.totalSupply -= amount;
                              emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
                            }
                            /**
                             * @notice transfer tokens from holder to recipient
                             * @param holder owner of tokens to be transferred
                             * @param recipient beneficiary of transfer
                             * @param amount quantity of tokens transferred
                             */
                            function _transfer (
                              address holder,
                              address recipient,
                              uint amount
                            ) virtual internal {
                              require(holder != address(0), 'ERC20: transfer from the zero address');
                              require(recipient != address(0), 'ERC20: transfer to the zero address');
                              _beforeTokenTransfer(holder, recipient, amount);
                              ERC20BaseStorage.Layout storage l = ERC20BaseStorage.layout();
                              uint256 holderBalance = l.balances[holder];
                              require(holderBalance >= amount, 'ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance');
                              unchecked {
                                l.balances[holder] = holderBalance - amount;
                              }
                              l.balances[recipient] += amount;
                              emit Transfer(holder, recipient, amount);
                            }
                            /**
                             * @notice ERC20 hook, called before all transfers including mint and burn
                             * @dev function should be overridden and new implementation must call super
                             * @param from sender of tokens
                             * @param to receiver of tokens
                             * @param amount quantity of tokens transferred
                             */
                            function _beforeTokenTransfer (
                              address from,
                              address to,
                              uint amount
                            ) virtual internal {}
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          library ERC20BaseStorage {
                            struct Layout {
                              mapping (address => uint) balances;
                              mapping (address => mapping (address => uint)) allowances;
                              uint totalSupply;
                            }
                            bytes32 internal constant STORAGE_SLOT = keccak256(
                              'solidstate.contracts.storage.ERC20Base'
                            );
                            function layout () internal pure returns (Layout storage l) {
                              bytes32 slot = STORAGE_SLOT;
                              assembly { l.slot := slot }
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @title Partial ERC20 interface needed by internal functions
                           */
                          interface IERC20Internal {
                            event Transfer(
                              address indexed from,
                              address indexed to,
                              uint256 value
                            );
                            event Approval(
                              address indexed owner,
                              address indexed spender,
                              uint256 value
                            );
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          library ERC20MetadataStorage {
                            struct Layout {
                              string name;
                              string symbol;
                              uint8 decimals;
                            }
                            bytes32 internal constant STORAGE_SLOT = keccak256(
                              'solidstate.contracts.storage.ERC20Metadata'
                            );
                            function layout () internal pure returns (Layout storage l) {
                              bytes32 slot = STORAGE_SLOT;
                              assembly { l.slot := slot }
                            }
                            function setName (
                              Layout storage l,
                              string memory name
                            ) internal {
                              l.name = name;
                            }
                            function setSymbol (
                              Layout storage l,
                              string memory symbol
                            ) internal {
                              l.symbol = symbol;
                            }
                            function setDecimals (
                              Layout storage l,
                              uint8 decimals
                            ) internal {
                              l.decimals = decimals;
                            }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          /**
                           * @title ERC20 metadata interface
                           */
                          interface IERC20Metadata {
                            /**
                             * @notice return token name
                             * @return token name
                             */
                            function name () external view returns (string memory);
                            /**
                             * @notice return token symbol
                             * @return token symbol
                             */
                            function symbol () external view returns (string memory);
                            /**
                             * @notice return token decimals, generally used only for display purposes
                             * @return token decimals
                             */
                            function decimals () external view returns (uint8);
                          }
                          

                          File 9 of 9: Inbox
                          // Copyright 2021-2022, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                          // For license information, see https://github.com/nitro/blob/master/LICENSE
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
                          import {
                              AlreadyInit,
                              NotOrigin,
                              DataTooLarge,
                              AlreadyPaused,
                              AlreadyUnpaused,
                              Paused,
                              InsufficientValue,
                              InsufficientSubmissionCost,
                              NotAllowedOrigin,
                              RetryableData,
                              NotRollupOrOwner,
                              L1Forked,
                              NotForked,
                              GasLimitTooLarge
                          } from "../libraries/Error.sol";
                          import "./IInbox.sol";
                          import "./ISequencerInbox.sol";
                          import "./IBridge.sol";
                          import "./Messages.sol";
                          import "../libraries/AddressAliasHelper.sol";
                          import "../libraries/DelegateCallAware.sol";
                          import {
                              L2_MSG,
                              L1MessageType_L2FundedByL1,
                              L1MessageType_submitRetryableTx,
                              L1MessageType_ethDeposit,
                              L2MessageType_unsignedEOATx,
                              L2MessageType_unsignedContractTx
                          } from "../libraries/MessageTypes.sol";
                          import {MAX_DATA_SIZE, UNISWAP_L1_TIMELOCK, UNISWAP_L2_FACTORY} from "../libraries/Constants.sol";
                          import "../precompiles/ArbSys.sol";
                          import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
                          import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/PausableUpgradeable.sol";
                          /**
                           * @title Inbox for user and contract originated messages
                           * @notice Messages created via this inbox are enqueued in the delayed accumulator
                           * to await inclusion in the SequencerInbox
                           */
                          contract Inbox is DelegateCallAware, PausableUpgradeable, IInbox {
                              IBridge public bridge;
                              ISequencerInbox public sequencerInbox;
                              /// ------------------------------------ allow list start ------------------------------------ ///
                              bool public allowListEnabled;
                              mapping(address => bool) public isAllowed;
                              event AllowListAddressSet(address indexed user, bool val);
                              event AllowListEnabledUpdated(bool isEnabled);
                              function setAllowList(address[] memory user, bool[] memory val) external onlyRollupOrOwner {
                                  require(user.length == val.length, "INVALID_INPUT");
                                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < user.length; i++) {
                                      isAllowed[user[i]] = val[i];
                                      emit AllowListAddressSet(user[i], val[i]);
                                  }
                              }
                              function setAllowListEnabled(bool _allowListEnabled) external onlyRollupOrOwner {
                                  require(_allowListEnabled != allowListEnabled, "ALREADY_SET");
                                  allowListEnabled = _allowListEnabled;
                                  emit AllowListEnabledUpdated(_allowListEnabled);
                              }
                              /// @dev this modifier checks the tx.origin instead of msg.sender for convenience (ie it allows
                              /// allowed users to interact with the token bridge without needing the token bridge to be allowList aware).
                              /// this modifier is not intended to use to be used for security (since this opens the allowList to
                              /// a smart contract phishing risk).
                              modifier onlyAllowed() {
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-tx-origin
                                  if (allowListEnabled && !isAllowed[tx.origin]) revert NotAllowedOrigin(tx.origin);
                                  _;
                              }
                              /// ------------------------------------ allow list end ------------------------------------ ///
                              modifier onlyRollupOrOwner() {
                                  IOwnable rollup = bridge.rollup();
                                  if (msg.sender != address(rollup)) {
                                      address rollupOwner = rollup.owner();
                                      if (msg.sender != rollupOwner) {
                                          revert NotRollupOrOwner(msg.sender, address(rollup), rollupOwner);
                                      }
                                  }
                                  _;
                              }
                              uint256 internal immutable deployTimeChainId = block.chainid;
                              function _chainIdChanged() internal view returns (bool) {
                                  return deployTimeChainId != block.chainid;
                              }
                              /// @inheritdoc IInbox
                              function pause() external onlyRollupOrOwner {
                                  _pause();
                              }
                              /// @inheritdoc IInbox
                              function unpause() external onlyRollupOrOwner {
                                  _unpause();
                              }
                              function initialize(IBridge _bridge, ISequencerInbox _sequencerInbox)
                                  external
                                  initializer
                                  onlyDelegated
                              {
                                  bridge = _bridge;
                                  sequencerInbox = _sequencerInbox;
                                  allowListEnabled = false;
                                  __Pausable_init();
                              }
                              /// @inheritdoc IInbox
                              function postUpgradeInit(IBridge) external onlyDelegated onlyProxyOwner {}
                              /// @inheritdoc IInbox
                              function sendL2MessageFromOrigin(bytes calldata messageData)
                                  external
                                  whenNotPaused
                                  onlyAllowed
                                  returns (uint256)
                              {
                                  if (_chainIdChanged()) revert L1Forked();
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-tx-origin
                                  if (msg.sender != tx.origin) revert NotOrigin();
                                  if (messageData.length > MAX_DATA_SIZE)
                                      revert DataTooLarge(messageData.length, MAX_DATA_SIZE);
                                  uint256 msgNum = deliverToBridge(L2_MSG, msg.sender, keccak256(messageData));
                                  emit InboxMessageDeliveredFromOrigin(msgNum);
                                  return msgNum;
                              }
                              /// @inheritdoc IInbox
                              function sendL2Message(bytes calldata messageData)
                                  external
                                  whenNotPaused
                                  onlyAllowed
                                  returns (uint256)
                              {
                                  if (_chainIdChanged()) revert L1Forked();
                                  return _deliverMessage(L2_MSG, msg.sender, messageData);
                              }
                              function sendL1FundedUnsignedTransaction(
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  uint256 nonce,
                                  address to,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable whenNotPaused onlyAllowed returns (uint256) {
                                  // arbos will discard unsigned tx with gas limit too large
                                  if (gasLimit > type(uint64).max) {
                                      revert GasLimitTooLarge();
                                  }
                                  return
                                      _deliverMessage(
                                          L1MessageType_L2FundedByL1,
                                          msg.sender,
                                          abi.encodePacked(
                                              L2MessageType_unsignedEOATx,
                                              gasLimit,
                                              maxFeePerGas,
                                              nonce,
                                              uint256(uint160(to)),
                                              msg.value,
                                              data
                                          )
                                      );
                              }
                              function sendL1FundedContractTransaction(
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  address to,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable whenNotPaused onlyAllowed returns (uint256) {
                                  // arbos will discard unsigned tx with gas limit too large
                                  if (gasLimit > type(uint64).max) {
                                      revert GasLimitTooLarge();
                                  }
                                  return
                                      _deliverMessage(
                                          L1MessageType_L2FundedByL1,
                                          msg.sender,
                                          abi.encodePacked(
                                              L2MessageType_unsignedContractTx,
                                              gasLimit,
                                              maxFeePerGas,
                                              uint256(uint160(to)),
                                              msg.value,
                                              data
                                          )
                                      );
                              }
                              function sendUnsignedTransaction(
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  uint256 nonce,
                                  address to,
                                  uint256 value,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external whenNotPaused onlyAllowed returns (uint256) {
                                  // arbos will discard unsigned tx with gas limit too large
                                  if (gasLimit > type(uint64).max) {
                                      revert GasLimitTooLarge();
                                  }
                                  return
                                      _deliverMessage(
                                          L2_MSG,
                                          msg.sender,
                                          abi.encodePacked(
                                              L2MessageType_unsignedEOATx,
                                              gasLimit,
                                              maxFeePerGas,
                                              nonce,
                                              uint256(uint160(to)),
                                              value,
                                              data
                                          )
                                      );
                              }
                              function sendContractTransaction(
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  address to,
                                  uint256 value,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external whenNotPaused onlyAllowed returns (uint256) {
                                  // arbos will discard unsigned tx with gas limit too large
                                  if (gasLimit > type(uint64).max) {
                                      revert GasLimitTooLarge();
                                  }
                                  return
                                      _deliverMessage(
                                          L2_MSG,
                                          msg.sender,
                                          abi.encodePacked(
                                              L2MessageType_unsignedContractTx,
                                              gasLimit,
                                              maxFeePerGas,
                                              uint256(uint160(to)),
                                              value,
                                              data
                                          )
                                      );
                              }
                              /// @inheritdoc IInbox
                              function sendL1FundedUnsignedTransactionToFork(
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  uint256 nonce,
                                  address to,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable whenNotPaused onlyAllowed returns (uint256) {
                                  if (!_chainIdChanged()) revert NotForked();
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-tx-origin
                                  if (msg.sender != tx.origin) revert NotOrigin();
                                  // arbos will discard unsigned tx with gas limit too large
                                  if (gasLimit > type(uint64).max) {
                                      revert GasLimitTooLarge();
                                  }
                                  return
                                      _deliverMessage(
                                          L1MessageType_L2FundedByL1,
                                          // undoing sender alias here to cancel out the aliasing
                                          AddressAliasHelper.undoL1ToL2Alias(msg.sender),
                                          abi.encodePacked(
                                              L2MessageType_unsignedEOATx,
                                              gasLimit,
                                              maxFeePerGas,
                                              nonce,
                                              uint256(uint160(to)),
                                              msg.value,
                                              data
                                          )
                                      );
                              }
                              /// @inheritdoc IInbox
                              function sendUnsignedTransactionToFork(
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  uint256 nonce,
                                  address to,
                                  uint256 value,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external whenNotPaused onlyAllowed returns (uint256) {
                                  if (!_chainIdChanged()) revert NotForked();
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-tx-origin
                                  if (msg.sender != tx.origin) revert NotOrigin();
                                  // arbos will discard unsigned tx with gas limit too large
                                  if (gasLimit > type(uint64).max) {
                                      revert GasLimitTooLarge();
                                  }
                                  return
                                      _deliverMessage(
                                          L2_MSG,
                                          // undoing sender alias here to cancel out the aliasing
                                          AddressAliasHelper.undoL1ToL2Alias(msg.sender),
                                          abi.encodePacked(
                                              L2MessageType_unsignedEOATx,
                                              gasLimit,
                                              maxFeePerGas,
                                              nonce,
                                              uint256(uint160(to)),
                                              value,
                                              data
                                          )
                                      );
                              }
                              /// @inheritdoc IInbox
                              function sendWithdrawEthToFork(
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  uint256 nonce,
                                  uint256 value,
                                  address withdrawTo
                              ) external whenNotPaused onlyAllowed returns (uint256) {
                                  if (!_chainIdChanged()) revert NotForked();
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-tx-origin
                                  if (msg.sender != tx.origin) revert NotOrigin();
                                  // arbos will discard unsigned tx with gas limit too large
                                  if (gasLimit > type(uint64).max) {
                                      revert GasLimitTooLarge();
                                  }
                                  return
                                      _deliverMessage(
                                          L2_MSG,
                                          // undoing sender alias here to cancel out the aliasing
                                          AddressAliasHelper.undoL1ToL2Alias(msg.sender),
                                          abi.encodePacked(
                                              L2MessageType_unsignedEOATx,
                                              gasLimit,
                                              maxFeePerGas,
                                              nonce,
                                              uint256(uint160(address(100))), // ArbSys address
                                              value,
                                              abi.encode(ArbSys.withdrawEth.selector, withdrawTo)
                                          )
                                      );
                              }
                              /// @inheritdoc IInbox
                              function calculateRetryableSubmissionFee(uint256 dataLength, uint256 baseFee)
                                  public
                                  view
                                  returns (uint256)
                              {
                                  // Use current block basefee if baseFee parameter is 0
                                  return (1400 + 6 * dataLength) * (baseFee == 0 ? block.basefee : baseFee);
                              }
                              /// @inheritdoc IInbox
                              function depositEth() public payable whenNotPaused onlyAllowed returns (uint256) {
                                  address dest = msg.sender;
                                  // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-tx-origin
                                  if (AddressUpgradeable.isContract(msg.sender) || tx.origin != msg.sender) {
                                      // isContract check fails if this function is called during a contract's constructor.
                                      dest = AddressAliasHelper.applyL1ToL2Alias(msg.sender);
                                  }
                                  return
                                      _deliverMessage(
                                          L1MessageType_ethDeposit,
                                          msg.sender,
                                          abi.encodePacked(dest, msg.value)
                                      );
                              }
                              /// @notice deprecated in favour of depositEth with no parameters
                              function depositEth(uint256) external payable whenNotPaused onlyAllowed returns (uint256) {
                                  return depositEth();
                              }
                              /**
                               * @notice deprecated in favour of unsafeCreateRetryableTicket
                               * @dev deprecated in favour of unsafeCreateRetryableTicket
                               * @dev Gas limit and maxFeePerGas should not be set to 1 as that is used to trigger the RetryableData error
                               * @param to destination L2 contract address
                               * @param l2CallValue call value for retryable L2 message
                               * @param maxSubmissionCost Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover base submission fee
                               * @param excessFeeRefundAddress gasLimit x maxFeePerGas - execution cost gets credited here on L2 balance
                               * @param callValueRefundAddress l2Callvalue gets credited here on L2 if retryable txn times out or gets cancelled
                               * @param gasLimit Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover L2 execution. Should not be set to 1 (magic value used to trigger the RetryableData error)
                               * @param maxFeePerGas price bid for L2 execution. Should not be set to 1 (magic value used to trigger the RetryableData error)
                               * @param data ABI encoded data of L2 message
                               * @return unique message number of the retryable transaction
                               */
                              function createRetryableTicketNoRefundAliasRewrite(
                                  address to,
                                  uint256 l2CallValue,
                                  uint256 maxSubmissionCost,
                                  address excessFeeRefundAddress,
                                  address callValueRefundAddress,
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable whenNotPaused onlyAllowed returns (uint256) {
                                  // gas limit is validated to be within uint64 in unsafeCreateRetryableTicket
                                  return
                                      unsafeCreateRetryableTicket(
                                          to,
                                          l2CallValue,
                                          maxSubmissionCost,
                                          excessFeeRefundAddress,
                                          callValueRefundAddress,
                                          gasLimit,
                                          maxFeePerGas,
                                          data
                                      );
                              }
                              /// @inheritdoc IInbox
                              function createRetryableTicket(
                                  address to,
                                  uint256 l2CallValue,
                                  uint256 maxSubmissionCost,
                                  address excessFeeRefundAddress,
                                  address callValueRefundAddress,
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable whenNotPaused onlyAllowed returns (uint256) {
                                  // ensure the user's deposit alone will make submission succeed
                                  if (msg.value < (maxSubmissionCost + l2CallValue + gasLimit * maxFeePerGas)) {
                                      revert InsufficientValue(
                                          maxSubmissionCost + l2CallValue + gasLimit * maxFeePerGas,
                                          msg.value
                                      );
                                  }
                                  // if a refund address is a contract, we apply the alias to it
                                  // so that it can access its funds on the L2
                                  // since the beneficiary and other refund addresses don't get rewritten by arb-os
                                  if (AddressUpgradeable.isContract(excessFeeRefundAddress)) {
                                      excessFeeRefundAddress = AddressAliasHelper.applyL1ToL2Alias(excessFeeRefundAddress);
                                  }
                                  if (AddressUpgradeable.isContract(callValueRefundAddress)) {
                                      // this is the beneficiary. be careful since this is the address that can cancel the retryable in the L2
                                      callValueRefundAddress = AddressAliasHelper.applyL1ToL2Alias(callValueRefundAddress);
                                  }
                                  // gas limit is validated to be within uint64 in unsafeCreateRetryableTicket
                                  return
                                      unsafeCreateRetryableTicket(
                                          to,
                                          l2CallValue,
                                          maxSubmissionCost,
                                          excessFeeRefundAddress,
                                          callValueRefundAddress,
                                          gasLimit,
                                          maxFeePerGas,
                                          data
                                      );
                              }
                              /// @inheritdoc IInbox
                              function unsafeCreateRetryableTicket(
                                  address to,
                                  uint256 l2CallValue,
                                  uint256 maxSubmissionCost,
                                  address excessFeeRefundAddress,
                                  address callValueRefundAddress,
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) public payable whenNotPaused onlyAllowed returns (uint256) {
                                  // gas price and limit of 1 should never be a valid input, so instead they are used as
                                  // magic values to trigger a revert in eth calls that surface data without requiring a tx trace
                                  if (gasLimit == 1 || maxFeePerGas == 1)
                                      revert RetryableData(
                                          msg.sender,
                                          to,
                                          l2CallValue,
                                          msg.value,
                                          maxSubmissionCost,
                                          excessFeeRefundAddress,
                                          callValueRefundAddress,
                                          gasLimit,
                                          maxFeePerGas,
                                          data
                                      );
                                  // arbos will discard retryable with gas limit too large
                                  if (gasLimit > type(uint64).max) {
                                      revert GasLimitTooLarge();
                                  }
                                  uint256 submissionFee = calculateRetryableSubmissionFee(data.length, block.basefee);
                                  if (maxSubmissionCost < submissionFee)
                                      revert InsufficientSubmissionCost(submissionFee, maxSubmissionCost);
                                  return
                                      _deliverMessage(
                                          L1MessageType_submitRetryableTx,
                                          msg.sender,
                                          abi.encodePacked(
                                              uint256(uint160(to)),
                                              l2CallValue,
                                              msg.value,
                                              maxSubmissionCost,
                                              uint256(uint160(excessFeeRefundAddress)),
                                              uint256(uint160(callValueRefundAddress)),
                                              gasLimit,
                                              maxFeePerGas,
                                              data.length,
                                              data
                                          )
                                      );
                              }
                              /// @notice This is an one-time-exception to resolve a misconfiguration of Uniswap Arbitrum deployment
                              ///         Only the Uniswap L1 Timelock may call this function and it is allowed to create a crosschain
                              ///         retryable ticket without address aliasing. More info here:
                              ///         https://gov.uniswap.org/t/consensus-check-fix-the-cross-chain-messaging-bridge-on-arbitrum/18547
                              /// @dev    This function will be removed in future releases
                              function uniswapCreateRetryableTicket(
                                  address to,
                                  uint256 l2CallValue,
                                  uint256 maxSubmissionCost,
                                  address excessFeeRefundAddress,
                                  address callValueRefundAddress,
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable whenNotPaused onlyAllowed returns (uint256) {
                                  // this can only be called by UNISWAP_L1_TIMELOCK
                                  require(msg.sender == UNISWAP_L1_TIMELOCK, "NOT_UNISWAP_L1_TIMELOCK");
                                  // the retryable can only call UNISWAP_L2_FACTORY
                                  require(to == UNISWAP_L2_FACTORY, "NOT_TO_UNISWAP_L2_FACTORY");
                                  // ensure the user's deposit alone will make submission succeed
                                  if (msg.value < (maxSubmissionCost + l2CallValue + gasLimit * maxFeePerGas)) {
                                      revert InsufficientValue(
                                          maxSubmissionCost + l2CallValue + gasLimit * maxFeePerGas,
                                          msg.value
                                      );
                                  }
                                  // if a refund address is a contract, we apply the alias to it
                                  // so that it can access its funds on the L2
                                  // since the beneficiary and other refund addresses don't get rewritten by arb-os
                                  if (AddressUpgradeable.isContract(excessFeeRefundAddress)) {
                                      excessFeeRefundAddress = AddressAliasHelper.applyL1ToL2Alias(excessFeeRefundAddress);
                                  }
                                  if (AddressUpgradeable.isContract(callValueRefundAddress)) {
                                      // this is the beneficiary. be careful since this is the address that can cancel the retryable in the L2
                                      callValueRefundAddress = AddressAliasHelper.applyL1ToL2Alias(callValueRefundAddress);
                                  }
                                  // gas price and limit of 1 should never be a valid input, so instead they are used as
                                  // magic values to trigger a revert in eth calls that surface data without requiring a tx trace
                                  if (gasLimit == 1 || maxFeePerGas == 1)
                                      revert RetryableData(
                                          msg.sender,
                                          to,
                                          l2CallValue,
                                          msg.value,
                                          maxSubmissionCost,
                                          excessFeeRefundAddress,
                                          callValueRefundAddress,
                                          gasLimit,
                                          maxFeePerGas,
                                          data
                                      );
                                  uint256 submissionFee = calculateRetryableSubmissionFee(data.length, block.basefee);
                                  if (maxSubmissionCost < submissionFee)
                                      revert InsufficientSubmissionCost(submissionFee, maxSubmissionCost);
                                  return
                                      _deliverMessage(
                                          L1MessageType_submitRetryableTx,
                                          AddressAliasHelper.undoL1ToL2Alias(msg.sender),
                                          abi.encodePacked(
                                              uint256(uint160(to)),
                                              l2CallValue,
                                              msg.value,
                                              maxSubmissionCost,
                                              uint256(uint160(excessFeeRefundAddress)),
                                              uint256(uint160(callValueRefundAddress)),
                                              gasLimit,
                                              maxFeePerGas,
                                              data.length,
                                              data
                                          )
                                      );
                              }
                              function _deliverMessage(
                                  uint8 _kind,
                                  address _sender,
                                  bytes memory _messageData
                              ) internal returns (uint256) {
                                  if (_messageData.length > MAX_DATA_SIZE)
                                      revert DataTooLarge(_messageData.length, MAX_DATA_SIZE);
                                  uint256 msgNum = deliverToBridge(_kind, _sender, keccak256(_messageData));
                                  emit InboxMessageDelivered(msgNum, _messageData);
                                  return msgNum;
                              }
                              function deliverToBridge(
                                  uint8 kind,
                                  address sender,
                                  bytes32 messageDataHash
                              ) internal returns (uint256) {
                                  return
                                      bridge.enqueueDelayedMessage{value: msg.value}(
                                          kind,
                                          AddressAliasHelper.applyL1ToL2Alias(sender),
                                          messageDataHash
                                      );
                              }
                          }
                          // Copyright 2021-2022, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                          // For license information, see https://github.com/nitro/blob/master/LICENSE
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
                          /// @dev Init was already called
                          error AlreadyInit();
                          /// Init was called with param set to zero that must be nonzero
                          error HadZeroInit();
                          /// @dev Thrown when non owner tries to access an only-owner function
                          /// @param sender The msg.sender who is not the owner
                          /// @param owner The owner address
                          error NotOwner(address sender, address owner);
                          /// @dev Thrown when an address that is not the rollup tries to call an only-rollup function
                          /// @param sender The sender who is not the rollup
                          /// @param rollup The rollup address authorized to call this function
                          error NotRollup(address sender, address rollup);
                          /// @dev Thrown when the contract was not called directly from the origin ie msg.sender != tx.origin
                          error NotOrigin();
                          /// @dev Provided data was too large
                          /// @param dataLength The length of the data that is too large
                          /// @param maxDataLength The max length the data can be
                          error DataTooLarge(uint256 dataLength, uint256 maxDataLength);
                          /// @dev The provided is not a contract and was expected to be
                          /// @param addr The adddress in question
                          error NotContract(address addr);
                          /// @dev The merkle proof provided was too long
                          /// @param actualLength The length of the merkle proof provided
                          /// @param maxProofLength The max length a merkle proof can have
                          error MerkleProofTooLong(uint256 actualLength, uint256 maxProofLength);
                          /// @dev Thrown when an un-authorized address tries to access an admin function
                          /// @param sender The un-authorized sender
                          /// @param rollup The rollup, which would be authorized
                          /// @param owner The rollup's owner, which would be authorized
                          error NotRollupOrOwner(address sender, address rollup, address owner);
                          // Bridge Errors
                          /// @dev Thrown when an un-authorized address tries to access an only-inbox function
                          /// @param sender The un-authorized sender
                          error NotDelayedInbox(address sender);
                          /// @dev Thrown when an un-authorized address tries to access an only-sequencer-inbox function
                          /// @param sender The un-authorized sender
                          error NotSequencerInbox(address sender);
                          /// @dev Thrown when an un-authorized address tries to access an only-outbox function
                          /// @param sender The un-authorized sender
                          error NotOutbox(address sender);
                          /// @dev the provided outbox address isn't valid
                          /// @param outbox address of outbox being set
                          error InvalidOutboxSet(address outbox);
                          // Inbox Errors
                          /// @dev The contract is paused, so cannot be paused
                          error AlreadyPaused();
                          /// @dev The contract is unpaused, so cannot be unpaused
                          error AlreadyUnpaused();
                          /// @dev The contract is paused
                          error Paused();
                          /// @dev msg.value sent to the inbox isn't high enough
                          error InsufficientValue(uint256 expected, uint256 actual);
                          /// @dev submission cost provided isn't enough to create retryable ticket
                          error InsufficientSubmissionCost(uint256 expected, uint256 actual);
                          /// @dev address not allowed to interact with the given contract
                          error NotAllowedOrigin(address origin);
                          /// @dev used to convey retryable tx data in eth calls without requiring a tx trace
                          /// this follows a pattern similar to EIP-3668 where reverts surface call information
                          error RetryableData(
                              address from,
                              address to,
                              uint256 l2CallValue,
                              uint256 deposit,
                              uint256 maxSubmissionCost,
                              address excessFeeRefundAddress,
                              address callValueRefundAddress,
                              uint256 gasLimit,
                              uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                              bytes data
                          );
                          /// @dev Thrown when a L1 chainId fork is detected
                          error L1Forked();
                          /// @dev Thrown when a L1 chainId fork is not detected
                          error NotForked();
                          /// @dev The provided gasLimit is larger than uint64
                          error GasLimitTooLarge();
                          // Outbox Errors
                          /// @dev The provided proof was too long
                          /// @param proofLength The length of the too-long proof
                          error ProofTooLong(uint256 proofLength);
                          /// @dev The output index was greater than the maximum
                          /// @param index The output index
                          /// @param maxIndex The max the index could be
                          error PathNotMinimal(uint256 index, uint256 maxIndex);
                          /// @dev The calculated root does not exist
                          /// @param root The calculated root
                          error UnknownRoot(bytes32 root);
                          /// @dev The record has already been spent
                          /// @param index The index of the spent record
                          error AlreadySpent(uint256 index);
                          /// @dev A call to the bridge failed with no return data
                          error BridgeCallFailed();
                          // Sequencer Inbox Errors
                          /// @dev Thrown when someone attempts to read fewer messages than have already been read
                          error DelayedBackwards();
                          /// @dev Thrown when someone attempts to read more messages than exist
                          error DelayedTooFar();
                          /// @dev Force include can only read messages more blocks old than the delay period
                          error ForceIncludeBlockTooSoon();
                          /// @dev Force include can only read messages more seconds old than the delay period
                          error ForceIncludeTimeTooSoon();
                          /// @dev The message provided did not match the hash in the delayed inbox
                          error IncorrectMessagePreimage();
                          /// @dev This can only be called by the batch poster
                          error NotBatchPoster();
                          /// @dev The sequence number provided to this message was inconsistent with the number of batches already included
                          error BadSequencerNumber(uint256 stored, uint256 received);
                          /// @dev The sequence message number provided to this message was inconsistent with the previous one
                          error BadSequencerMessageNumber(uint256 stored, uint256 received);
                          /// @dev The batch data has the inbox authenticated bit set, but the batch data was not authenticated by the inbox
                          error DataNotAuthenticated();
                          /// @dev Tried to create an already valid Data Availability Service keyset
                          error AlreadyValidDASKeyset(bytes32);
                          /// @dev Tried to use or invalidate an already invalid Data Availability Service keyset
                          error NoSuchKeyset(bytes32);
                          // Copyright 2021-2022, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                          // For license information, see https://github.com/nitro/blob/master/LICENSE
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          import "./IBridge.sol";
                          import "./IDelayedMessageProvider.sol";
                          import "./ISequencerInbox.sol";
                          interface IInbox is IDelayedMessageProvider {
                              function bridge() external view returns (IBridge);
                              function sequencerInbox() external view returns (ISequencerInbox);
                              /**
                               * @notice Send a generic L2 message to the chain
                               * @dev This method is an optimization to avoid having to emit the entirety of the messageData in a log. Instead validators are expected to be able to parse the data from the transaction's input
                               *      This method will be disabled upon L1 fork to prevent replay attacks on L2
                               * @param messageData Data of the message being sent
                               */
                              function sendL2MessageFromOrigin(bytes calldata messageData) external returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @notice Send a generic L2 message to the chain
                               * @dev This method can be used to send any type of message that doesn't require L1 validation
                               *      This method will be disabled upon L1 fork to prevent replay attacks on L2
                               * @param messageData Data of the message being sent
                               */
                              function sendL2Message(bytes calldata messageData) external returns (uint256);
                              function sendL1FundedUnsignedTransaction(
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  uint256 nonce,
                                  address to,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function sendL1FundedContractTransaction(
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  address to,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function sendUnsignedTransaction(
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  uint256 nonce,
                                  address to,
                                  uint256 value,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external returns (uint256);
                              function sendContractTransaction(
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  address to,
                                  uint256 value,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @dev This method can only be called upon L1 fork and will not alias the caller
                               *      This method will revert if not called from origin
                               */
                              function sendL1FundedUnsignedTransactionToFork(
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  uint256 nonce,
                                  address to,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @dev This method can only be called upon L1 fork and will not alias the caller
                               *      This method will revert if not called from origin
                               */
                              function sendUnsignedTransactionToFork(
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  uint256 nonce,
                                  address to,
                                  uint256 value,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @notice Send a message to initiate L2 withdrawal
                               * @dev This method can only be called upon L1 fork and will not alias the caller
                               *      This method will revert if not called from origin
                               */
                              function sendWithdrawEthToFork(
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  uint256 nonce,
                                  uint256 value,
                                  address withdrawTo
                              ) external returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @notice Get the L1 fee for submitting a retryable
                               * @dev This fee can be paid by funds already in the L2 aliased address or by the current message value
                               * @dev This formula may change in the future, to future proof your code query this method instead of inlining!!
                               * @param dataLength The length of the retryable's calldata, in bytes
                               * @param baseFee The block basefee when the retryable is included in the chain, if 0 current block.basefee will be used
                               */
                              function calculateRetryableSubmissionFee(uint256 dataLength, uint256 baseFee)
                                  external
                                  view
                                  returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @notice Deposit eth from L1 to L2 to address of the sender if sender is an EOA, and to its aliased address if the sender is a contract
                               * @dev This does not trigger the fallback function when receiving in the L2 side.
                               *      Look into retryable tickets if you are interested in this functionality.
                               * @dev This function should not be called inside contract constructors
                               */
                              function depositEth() external payable returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @notice Put a message in the L2 inbox that can be reexecuted for some fixed amount of time if it reverts
                               * @dev all msg.value will deposited to callValueRefundAddress on L2
                               * @dev Gas limit and maxFeePerGas should not be set to 1 as that is used to trigger the RetryableData error
                               * @param to destination L2 contract address
                               * @param l2CallValue call value for retryable L2 message
                               * @param maxSubmissionCost Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover base submission fee
                               * @param excessFeeRefundAddress gasLimit x maxFeePerGas - execution cost gets credited here on L2 balance
                               * @param callValueRefundAddress l2Callvalue gets credited here on L2 if retryable txn times out or gets cancelled
                               * @param gasLimit Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover L2 execution. Should not be set to 1 (magic value used to trigger the RetryableData error)
                               * @param maxFeePerGas price bid for L2 execution. Should not be set to 1 (magic value used to trigger the RetryableData error)
                               * @param data ABI encoded data of L2 message
                               * @return unique message number of the retryable transaction
                               */
                              function createRetryableTicket(
                                  address to,
                                  uint256 l2CallValue,
                                  uint256 maxSubmissionCost,
                                  address excessFeeRefundAddress,
                                  address callValueRefundAddress,
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @notice Put a message in the L2 inbox that can be reexecuted for some fixed amount of time if it reverts
                               * @dev Same as createRetryableTicket, but does not guarantee that submission will succeed by requiring the needed funds
                               * come from the deposit alone, rather than falling back on the user's L2 balance
                               * @dev Advanced usage only (does not rewrite aliases for excessFeeRefundAddress and callValueRefundAddress).
                               * createRetryableTicket method is the recommended standard.
                               * @dev Gas limit and maxFeePerGas should not be set to 1 as that is used to trigger the RetryableData error
                               * @param to destination L2 contract address
                               * @param l2CallValue call value for retryable L2 message
                               * @param maxSubmissionCost Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover base submission fee
                               * @param excessFeeRefundAddress gasLimit x maxFeePerGas - execution cost gets credited here on L2 balance
                               * @param callValueRefundAddress l2Callvalue gets credited here on L2 if retryable txn times out or gets cancelled
                               * @param gasLimit Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover L2 execution. Should not be set to 1 (magic value used to trigger the RetryableData error)
                               * @param maxFeePerGas price bid for L2 execution. Should not be set to 1 (magic value used to trigger the RetryableData error)
                               * @param data ABI encoded data of L2 message
                               * @return unique message number of the retryable transaction
                               */
                              function unsafeCreateRetryableTicket(
                                  address to,
                                  uint256 l2CallValue,
                                  uint256 maxSubmissionCost,
                                  address excessFeeRefundAddress,
                                  address callValueRefundAddress,
                                  uint256 gasLimit,
                                  uint256 maxFeePerGas,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              // ---------- onlyRollupOrOwner functions ----------
                              /// @notice pauses all inbox functionality
                              function pause() external;
                              /// @notice unpauses all inbox functionality
                              function unpause() external;
                              // ---------- initializer ----------
                              /**
                               * @dev function to be called one time during the inbox upgrade process
                               *      this is used to fix the storage slots
                               */
                              function postUpgradeInit(IBridge _bridge) external;
                              function initialize(IBridge _bridge, ISequencerInbox _sequencerInbox) external;
                          }
                          // Copyright 2021-2022, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                          // For license information, see https://github.com/nitro/blob/master/LICENSE
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;
                          import "../libraries/IGasRefunder.sol";
                          import "./IDelayedMessageProvider.sol";
                          import "./IBridge.sol";
                          interface ISequencerInbox is IDelayedMessageProvider {
                              struct MaxTimeVariation {
                                  uint256 delayBlocks;
                                  uint256 futureBlocks;
                                  uint256 delaySeconds;
                                  uint256 futureSeconds;
                              }
                              struct TimeBounds {
                                  uint64 minTimestamp;
                                  uint64 maxTimestamp;
                                  uint64 minBlockNumber;
                                  uint64 maxBlockNumber;
                              }
                              enum BatchDataLocation {
                                  TxInput,
                                  SeparateBatchEvent,
                                  NoData
                              }
                              event SequencerBatchDelivered(
                                  uint256 indexed batchSequenceNumber,
                                  bytes32 indexed beforeAcc,
                                  bytes32 indexed afterAcc,
                                  bytes32 delayedAcc,
                                  uint256 afterDelayedMessagesRead,
                                  TimeBounds timeBounds,
                                  BatchDataLocation dataLocation
                              );
                              event OwnerFunctionCalled(uint256 indexed id);
                              /// @dev a separate event that emits batch data when this isn't easily accessible in the tx.input
                              event SequencerBatchData(uint256 indexed batchSequenceNumber, bytes data);
                              /// @dev a valid keyset was added
                              event SetValidKeyset(bytes32 indexed keysetHash, bytes keysetBytes);
                              /// @dev a keyset was invalidated
                              event InvalidateKeyset(bytes32 indexed keysetHash);
                              function totalDelayedMessagesRead() external view returns (uint256);
                              function bridge() external view returns (IBridge);
                              /// @dev The size of the batch header
                              // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
                              function HEADER_LENGTH() external view returns (uint256);
                              /// @dev If the first batch data byte after the header has this bit set,
                              ///      the sequencer inbox has authenticated the data. Currently not used.
                              // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
                              function DATA_AUTHENTICATED_FLAG() external view returns (bytes1);
                              function rollup() external view returns (IOwnable);
                              function isBatchPoster(address) external view returns (bool);
                              struct DasKeySetInfo {
                                  bool isValidKeyset;
                                  uint64 creationBlock;
                              }
                              // https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/11826
                              // function maxTimeVariation() external view returns (MaxTimeVariation calldata);
                              // function dasKeySetInfo(bytes32) external view returns (DasKeySetInfo calldata);
                              /// @notice Remove force inclusion delay after a L1 chainId fork
                              function removeDelayAfterFork() external;
                              /// @notice Force messages from the delayed inbox to be included in the chain
                              ///         Callable by any address, but message can only be force-included after maxTimeVariation.delayBlocks and
                              ///         maxTimeVariation.delaySeconds has elapsed. As part of normal behaviour the sequencer will include these
                              ///         messages so it's only necessary to call this if the sequencer is down, or not including any delayed messages.
                              /// @param _totalDelayedMessagesRead The total number of messages to read up to
                              /// @param kind The kind of the last message to be included
                              /// @param l1BlockAndTime The l1 block and the l1 timestamp of the last message to be included
                              /// @param baseFeeL1 The l1 gas price of the last message to be included
                              /// @param sender The sender of the last message to be included
                              /// @param messageDataHash The messageDataHash of the last message to be included
                              function forceInclusion(
                                  uint256 _totalDelayedMessagesRead,
                                  uint8 kind,
                                  uint64[2] calldata l1BlockAndTime,
                                  uint256 baseFeeL1,
                                  address sender,
                                  bytes32 messageDataHash
                              ) external;
                              function inboxAccs(uint256 index) external view returns (bytes32);
                              function batchCount() external view returns (uint256);
                              function isValidKeysetHash(bytes32 ksHash) external view returns (bool);
                              /// @notice the creation block is intended to still be available after a keyset is deleted
                              function getKeysetCreationBlock(bytes32 ksHash) external view returns (uint256);
                              // ---------- BatchPoster functions ----------
                              function addSequencerL2BatchFromOrigin(
                                  uint256 sequenceNumber,
                                  bytes calldata data,
                                  uint256 afterDelayedMessagesRead,
                                  IGasRefunder gasRefunder
                              ) external;
                              function addSequencerL2Batch(
                                  uint256 sequenceNumber,
                                  bytes calldata data,
                                  uint256 afterDelayedMessagesRead,
                                  IGasRefunder gasRefunder,
                                  uint256 prevMessageCount,
                                  uint256 newMessageCount
                              ) external;
                              // ---------- onlyRollupOrOwner functions ----------
                              /**
                               * @notice Set max delay for sequencer inbox
                               * @param maxTimeVariation_ the maximum time variation parameters
                               */
                              function setMaxTimeVariation(MaxTimeVariation memory maxTimeVariation_) external;
                              /**
                               * @notice Updates whether an address is authorized to be a batch poster at the sequencer inbox
                               * @param addr the address
                               * @param isBatchPoster_ if the specified address should be authorized as a batch poster
                               */
                              function setIsBatchPoster(address addr, bool isBatchPoster_) external;
                              /**
                               * @notice Makes Data Availability Service keyset valid
                               * @param keysetBytes bytes of the serialized keyset
                               */
                              function setValidKeyset(bytes calldata keysetBytes) external;
                              /**
                               * @notice Invalidates a Data Availability Service keyset
                               * @param ksHash hash of the keyset
                               */
                              function invalidateKeysetHash(bytes32 ksHash) external;
                              // ---------- initializer ----------
                              function initialize(IBridge bridge_, MaxTimeVariation calldata maxTimeVariation_) external;
                          }
                          // Copyright 2021-2022, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                          // For license information, see https://github.com/nitro/blob/master/LICENSE
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          import "./IOwnable.sol";
                          interface IBridge {
                              event MessageDelivered(
                                  uint256 indexed messageIndex,
                                  bytes32 indexed beforeInboxAcc,
                                  address inbox,
                                  uint8 kind,
                                  address sender,
                                  bytes32 messageDataHash,
                                  uint256 baseFeeL1,
                                  uint64 timestamp
                              );
                              event BridgeCallTriggered(
                                  address indexed outbox,
                                  address indexed to,
                                  uint256 value,
                                  bytes data
                              );
                              event InboxToggle(address indexed inbox, bool enabled);
                              event OutboxToggle(address indexed outbox, bool enabled);
                              event SequencerInboxUpdated(address newSequencerInbox);
                              function allowedDelayedInboxList(uint256) external returns (address);
                              function allowedOutboxList(uint256) external returns (address);
                              /// @dev Accumulator for delayed inbox messages; tail represents hash of the current state; each element represents the inclusion of a new message.
                              function delayedInboxAccs(uint256) external view returns (bytes32);
                              /// @dev Accumulator for sequencer inbox messages; tail represents hash of the current state; each element represents the inclusion of a new message.
                              function sequencerInboxAccs(uint256) external view returns (bytes32);
                              function rollup() external view returns (IOwnable);
                              function sequencerInbox() external view returns (address);
                              function activeOutbox() external view returns (address);
                              function allowedDelayedInboxes(address inbox) external view returns (bool);
                              function allowedOutboxes(address outbox) external view returns (bool);
                              function sequencerReportedSubMessageCount() external view returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @dev Enqueue a message in the delayed inbox accumulator.
                               *      These messages are later sequenced in the SequencerInbox, either
                               *      by the sequencer as part of a normal batch, or by force inclusion.
                               */
                              function enqueueDelayedMessage(
                                  uint8 kind,
                                  address sender,
                                  bytes32 messageDataHash
                              ) external payable returns (uint256);
                              function executeCall(
                                  address to,
                                  uint256 value,
                                  bytes calldata data
                              ) external returns (bool success, bytes memory returnData);
                              function delayedMessageCount() external view returns (uint256);
                              function sequencerMessageCount() external view returns (uint256);
                              // ---------- onlySequencerInbox functions ----------
                              function enqueueSequencerMessage(
                                  bytes32 dataHash,
                                  uint256 afterDelayedMessagesRead,
                                  uint256 prevMessageCount,
                                  uint256 newMessageCount
                              )
                                  external
                                  returns (
                                      uint256 seqMessageIndex,
                                      bytes32 beforeAcc,
                                      bytes32 delayedAcc,
                                      bytes32 acc
                                  );
                              /**
                               * @dev Allows the sequencer inbox to submit a delayed message of the batchPostingReport type
                               *      This is done through a separate function entrypoint instead of allowing the sequencer inbox
                               *      to call `enqueueDelayedMessage` to avoid the gas overhead of an extra SLOAD in either
                               *      every delayed inbox or every sequencer inbox call.
                               */
                              function submitBatchSpendingReport(address batchPoster, bytes32 dataHash)
                                  external
                                  returns (uint256 msgNum);
                              // ---------- onlyRollupOrOwner functions ----------
                              function setSequencerInbox(address _sequencerInbox) external;
                              function setDelayedInbox(address inbox, bool enabled) external;
                              function setOutbox(address inbox, bool enabled) external;
                              // ---------- initializer ----------
                              function initialize(IOwnable rollup_) external;
                          }
                          // Copyright 2021-2022, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                          // For license information, see https://github.com/nitro/blob/master/LICENSE
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          library Messages {
                              function messageHash(
                                  uint8 kind,
                                  address sender,
                                  uint64 blockNumber,
                                  uint64 timestamp,
                                  uint256 inboxSeqNum,
                                  uint256 baseFeeL1,
                                  bytes32 messageDataHash
                              ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
                                  return
                                      keccak256(
                                          abi.encodePacked(
                                              kind,
                                              sender,
                                              blockNumber,
                                              timestamp,
                                              inboxSeqNum,
                                              baseFeeL1,
                                              messageDataHash
                                          )
                                      );
                              }
                              function accumulateInboxMessage(bytes32 prevAcc, bytes32 message)
                                  internal
                                  pure
                                  returns (bytes32)
                              {
                                  return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(prevAcc, message));
                              }
                          }
                          // Copyright 2021-2022, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                          // For license information, see https://github.com/nitro/blob/master/LICENSE
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          library AddressAliasHelper {
                              uint160 internal constant OFFSET = uint160(0x1111000000000000000000000000000000001111);
                              /// @notice Utility function that converts the address in the L1 that submitted a tx to
                              /// the inbox to the msg.sender viewed in the L2
                              /// @param l1Address the address in the L1 that triggered the tx to L2
                              /// @return l2Address L2 address as viewed in msg.sender
                              function applyL1ToL2Alias(address l1Address) internal pure returns (address l2Address) {
                                  unchecked {
                                      l2Address = address(uint160(l1Address) + OFFSET);
                                  }
                              }
                              /// @notice Utility function that converts the msg.sender viewed in the L2 to the
                              /// address in the L1 that submitted a tx to the inbox
                              /// @param l2Address L2 address as viewed in msg.sender
                              /// @return l1Address the address in the L1 that triggered the tx to L2
                              function undoL1ToL2Alias(address l2Address) internal pure returns (address l1Address) {
                                  unchecked {
                                      l1Address = address(uint160(l2Address) - OFFSET);
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          // Copyright 2021-2022, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                          // For license information, see https://github.com/nitro/blob/master/LICENSE
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import {NotOwner} from "./Error.sol";
                          /// @dev A stateless contract that allows you to infer if the current call has been delegated or not
                          /// Pattern used here is from UUPS implementation by the OpenZeppelin team
                          abstract contract DelegateCallAware {
                              address private immutable __self = address(this);
                              /**
                               * @dev Check that the execution is being performed through a delegate call. This allows a function to be
                               * callable on the proxy contract but not on the logic contract.
                               */
                              modifier onlyDelegated() {
                                  require(address(this) != __self, "Function must be called through delegatecall");
                                  _;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Check that the execution is not being performed through a delegate call. This allows a function to be
                               * callable on the implementing contract but not through proxies.
                               */
                              modifier notDelegated() {
                                  require(address(this) == __self, "Function must not be called through delegatecall");
                                  _;
                              }
                              /// @dev Check that msg.sender is the current EIP 1967 proxy admin
                              modifier onlyProxyOwner() {
                                  // Storage slot with the admin of the proxy contract
                                  // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1
                                  bytes32 slot = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;
                                  address admin;
                                  assembly {
                                      admin := sload(slot)
                                  }
                                  if (msg.sender != admin) revert NotOwner(msg.sender, admin);
                                  _;
                              }
                          }
                          // Copyright 2021-2022, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                          // For license information, see https://github.com/nitro/blob/master/LICENSE
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
                          uint8 constant L2_MSG = 3;
                          uint8 constant L1MessageType_L2FundedByL1 = 7;
                          uint8 constant L1MessageType_submitRetryableTx = 9;
                          uint8 constant L1MessageType_ethDeposit = 12;
                          uint8 constant L1MessageType_batchPostingReport = 13;
                          uint8 constant L2MessageType_unsignedEOATx = 0;
                          uint8 constant L2MessageType_unsignedContractTx = 1;
                          uint8 constant ROLLUP_PROTOCOL_EVENT_TYPE = 8;
                          uint8 constant INITIALIZATION_MSG_TYPE = 11;
                          // Copyright 2021-2022, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                          // For license information, see https://github.com/nitro/blob/master/LICENSE
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
                          // 90% of Geth's 128KB tx size limit, leaving ~13KB for proving
                          uint256 constant MAX_DATA_SIZE = 117964;
                          uint64 constant NO_CHAL_INDEX = 0;
                          // Expected seconds per block in Ethereum PoS
                          uint256 constant ETH_POS_BLOCK_TIME = 12;
                          address constant UNISWAP_L1_TIMELOCK = 0x1a9C8182C09F50C8318d769245beA52c32BE35BC;
                          address constant UNISWAP_L2_FACTORY = 0x1F98431c8aD98523631AE4a59f267346ea31F984;
                          // Copyright 2021-2022, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                          // For license information, see https://github.com/nitro/blob/master/LICENSE
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
                          pragma solidity >=0.4.21 <0.9.0;
                          /**
                           * @title System level functionality
                           * @notice For use by contracts to interact with core L2-specific functionality.
                           * Precompiled contract that exists in every Arbitrum chain at address(100), 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000064.
                           */
                          interface ArbSys {
                              /**
                               * @notice Get Arbitrum block number (distinct from L1 block number; Arbitrum genesis block has block number 0)
                               * @return block number as int
                               */
                              function arbBlockNumber() external view returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @notice Get Arbitrum block hash (reverts unless currentBlockNum-256 <= arbBlockNum < currentBlockNum)
                               * @return block hash
                               */
                              function arbBlockHash(uint256 arbBlockNum) external view returns (bytes32);
                              /**
                               * @notice Gets the rollup's unique chain identifier
                               * @return Chain identifier as int
                               */
                              function arbChainID() external view returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @notice Get internal version number identifying an ArbOS build
                               * @return version number as int
                               */
                              function arbOSVersion() external view returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @notice Returns 0 since Nitro has no concept of storage gas
                               * @return uint 0
                               */
                              function getStorageGasAvailable() external view returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @notice (deprecated) check if current call is top level (meaning it was triggered by an EoA or a L1 contract)
                               * @dev this call has been deprecated and may be removed in a future release
                               * @return true if current execution frame is not a call by another L2 contract
                               */
                              function isTopLevelCall() external view returns (bool);
                              /**
                               * @notice map L1 sender contract address to its L2 alias
                               * @param sender sender address
                               * @param unused argument no longer used
                               * @return aliased sender address
                               */
                              function mapL1SenderContractAddressToL2Alias(address sender, address unused)
                                  external
                                  pure
                                  returns (address);
                              /**
                               * @notice check if the caller (of this caller of this) is an aliased L1 contract address
                               * @return true iff the caller's address is an alias for an L1 contract address
                               */
                              function wasMyCallersAddressAliased() external view returns (bool);
                              /**
                               * @notice return the address of the caller (of this caller of this), without applying L1 contract address aliasing
                               * @return address of the caller's caller, without applying L1 contract address aliasing
                               */
                              function myCallersAddressWithoutAliasing() external view returns (address);
                              /**
                               * @notice Send given amount of Eth to dest from sender.
                               * This is a convenience function, which is equivalent to calling sendTxToL1 with empty data.
                               * @param destination recipient address on L1
                               * @return unique identifier for this L2-to-L1 transaction.
                               */
                              function withdrawEth(address destination) external payable returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @notice Send a transaction to L1
                               * @dev it is not possible to execute on the L1 any L2-to-L1 transaction which contains data
                               * to a contract address without any code (as enforced by the Bridge contract).
                               * @param destination recipient address on L1
                               * @param data (optional) calldata for L1 contract call
                               * @return a unique identifier for this L2-to-L1 transaction.
                               */
                              function sendTxToL1(address destination, bytes calldata data)
                                  external
                                  payable
                                  returns (uint256);
                              /**
                               * @notice Get send Merkle tree state
                               * @return size number of sends in the history
                               * @return root root hash of the send history
                               * @return partials hashes of partial subtrees in the send history tree
                               */
                              function sendMerkleTreeState()
                                  external
                                  view
                                  returns (
                                      uint256 size,
                                      bytes32 root,
                                      bytes32[] memory partials
                                  );
                              /**
                               * @notice creates a send txn from L2 to L1
                               * @param position = (level << 192) + leaf = (0 << 192) + leaf = leaf
                               */
                              event L2ToL1Tx(
                                  address caller,
                                  address indexed destination,
                                  uint256 indexed hash,
                                  uint256 indexed position,
                                  uint256 arbBlockNum,
                                  uint256 ethBlockNum,
                                  uint256 timestamp,
                                  uint256 callvalue,
                                  bytes data
                              );
                              /// @dev DEPRECATED in favour of the new L2ToL1Tx event above after the nitro upgrade
                              event L2ToL1Transaction(
                                  address caller,
                                  address indexed destination,
                                  uint256 indexed uniqueId,
                                  uint256 indexed batchNumber,
                                  uint256 indexInBatch,
                                  uint256 arbBlockNum,
                                  uint256 ethBlockNum,
                                  uint256 timestamp,
                                  uint256 callvalue,
                                  bytes data
                              );
                              /**
                               * @notice logs a merkle branch for proof synthesis
                               * @param reserved an index meant only to align the 4th index with L2ToL1Transaction's 4th event
                               * @param hash the merkle hash
                               * @param position = (level << 192) + leaf
                               */
                              event SendMerkleUpdate(
                                  uint256 indexed reserved,
                                  bytes32 indexed hash,
                                  uint256 indexed position
                              );
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/Address.sol)
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.1;
                          /**
                           * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
                           */
                          library AddressUpgradeable {
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
                               *
                               * [IMPORTANT]
                               * ====
                               * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
                               * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
                               *
                               * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
                               * types of addresses:
                               *
                               *  - an externally-owned account
                               *  - a contract in construction
                               *  - an address where a contract will be created
                               *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
                               * ====
                               *
                               * [IMPORTANT]
                               * ====
                               * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
                               *
                               * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
                               * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
                               * constructor.
                               * ====
                               */
                              function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
                                  // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
                                  // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
                                  // of the constructor execution.
                                  return account.code.length > 0;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
                               * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
                               *
                               * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
                               * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
                               * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
                               * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
                               *
                               * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
                               *
                               * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
                               * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
                               * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
                               * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
                               */
                              function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
                                  require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
                                  (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
                                  require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
                               * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
                               * function instead.
                               *
                               * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
                               * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
                               *
                               * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
                               * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - `target` must be a contract.
                               * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
                               * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCall(
                                  address target,
                                  bytes memory data,
                                  string memory errorMessage
                              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
                               * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCallWithValue(
                                  address target,
                                  bytes memory data,
                                  uint256 value
                              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
                               * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.1._
                               */
                              function functionCallWithValue(
                                  address target,
                                  bytes memory data,
                                  uint256 value,
                                  string memory errorMessage
                              ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
                                  return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a static call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.3._
                               */
                              function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                  return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
                               * but performing a static call.
                               *
                               * _Available since v3.3._
                               */
                              function functionStaticCall(
                                  address target,
                                  bytes memory data,
                                  string memory errorMessage
                              ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
                                  require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
                                  (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
                                  return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
                               * revert reason using the provided one.
                               *
                               * _Available since v4.3._
                               */
                              function verifyCallResult(
                                  bool success,
                                  bytes memory returndata,
                                  string memory errorMessage
                              ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
                                  if (success) {
                                      return returndata;
                                  } else {
                                      // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                                      if (returndata.length > 0) {
                                          // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                                          assembly {
                                              let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                                              revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                                          }
                                      } else {
                                          revert(errorMessage);
                                      }
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (security/Pausable.sol)
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
                          import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
                          /**
                           * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
                           * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
                           *
                           * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
                           * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
                           * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
                           * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
                           */
                          abstract contract PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
                              /**
                               * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
                               */
                              event Paused(address account);
                              /**
                               * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
                               */
                              event Unpaused(address account);
                              bool private _paused;
                              /**
                               * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
                               */
                              function __Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
                                  __Pausable_init_unchained();
                              }
                              function __Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
                                  _paused = false;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
                               */
                              function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
                                  return _paused;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - The contract must not be paused.
                               */
                              modifier whenNotPaused() {
                                  require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
                                  _;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - The contract must be paused.
                               */
                              modifier whenPaused() {
                                  require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
                                  _;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Triggers stopped state.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - The contract must not be paused.
                               */
                              function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
                                  _paused = true;
                                  emit Paused(_msgSender());
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Returns to normal state.
                               *
                               * Requirements:
                               *
                               * - The contract must be paused.
                               */
                              function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
                                  _paused = false;
                                  emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
                               * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
                               * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
                               */
                              uint256[49] private __gap;
                          }
                          // Copyright 2021-2022, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                          // For license information, see https://github.com/nitro/blob/master/LICENSE
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          interface IDelayedMessageProvider {
                              /// @dev event emitted when a inbox message is added to the Bridge's delayed accumulator
                              event InboxMessageDelivered(uint256 indexed messageNum, bytes data);
                              /// @dev event emitted when a inbox message is added to the Bridge's delayed accumulator
                              /// same as InboxMessageDelivered but the batch data is available in tx.input
                              event InboxMessageDeliveredFromOrigin(uint256 indexed messageNum);
                          }
                          // Copyright 2021-2022, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                          // For license information, see https://github.com/nitro/blob/master/LICENSE
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.4.21 <0.9.0;
                          interface IOwnable {
                              function owner() external view returns (address);
                          }
                          // Copyright 2021-2022, Offchain Labs, Inc.
                          // For license information, see https://github.com/nitro/blob/master/LICENSE
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
                          // solhint-disable-next-line compiler-version
                          pragma solidity >=0.6.9 <0.9.0;
                          interface IGasRefunder {
                              function onGasSpent(
                                  address payable spender,
                                  uint256 gasUsed,
                                  uint256 calldataSize
                              ) external returns (bool success);
                          }
                          abstract contract GasRefundEnabled {
                              /// @dev this refunds the sender for execution costs of the tx
                              /// calldata costs are only refunded if `msg.sender == tx.origin` to guarantee the value refunded relates to charging
                              /// for the `tx.input`. this avoids a possible attack where you generate large calldata from a contract and get over-refunded
                              modifier refundsGas(IGasRefunder gasRefunder) {
                                  uint256 startGasLeft = gasleft();
                                  _;
                                  if (address(gasRefunder) != address(0)) {
                                      uint256 calldataSize;
                                      assembly {
                                          calldataSize := calldatasize()
                                      }
                                      uint256 calldataWords = (calldataSize + 31) / 32;
                                      // account for the CALLDATACOPY cost of the proxy contract, including the memory expansion cost
                                      startGasLeft += calldataWords * 6 + (calldataWords**2) / 512;
                                      // if triggered in a contract call, the spender may be overrefunded by appending dummy data to the call
                                      // so we check if it is a top level call, which would mean the sender paid calldata as part of tx.input
                                      // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-tx-origin
                                      if (msg.sender != tx.origin) {
                                          // We can't be sure if this calldata came from the top level tx,
                                          // so to be safe we tell the gas refunder there was no calldata.
                                          calldataSize = 0;
                                      }
                                      gasRefunder.onGasSpent(payable(msg.sender), startGasLeft - gasleft(), calldataSize);
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
                          /**
                           * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
                           * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
                           * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
                           * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
                           * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
                           * is concerned).
                           *
                           * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
                           */
                          abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
                              function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
                              }
                              function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
                              }
                              function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
                                  return msg.sender;
                              }
                              function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
                                  return msg.data;
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
                               * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
                               * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
                               */
                              uint256[50] private __gap;
                          }
                          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
                          // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)
                          pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
                          import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
                          /**
                           * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
                           * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
                           * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
                           * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
                           *
                           * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
                           * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
                           *
                           * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
                           * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
                           *
                           * [CAUTION]
                           * ====
                           * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
                           *
                           * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
                           * contract, which may impact the proxy. To initialize the implementation contract, you can either invoke the
                           * initializer manually, or you can include a constructor to automatically mark it as initialized when it is deployed:
                           *
                           * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
                           * ```
                           * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
                           * constructor() initializer {}
                           * ```
                           * ====
                           */
                          abstract contract Initializable {
                              /**
                               * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
                               */
                              bool private _initialized;
                              /**
                               * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
                               */
                              bool private _initializing;
                              /**
                               * @dev Modifier to protect an initializer function from being invoked twice.
                               */
                              modifier initializer() {
                                  // If the contract is initializing we ignore whether _initialized is set in order to support multiple
                                  // inheritance patterns, but we only do this in the context of a constructor, because in other contexts the
                                  // contract may have been reentered.
                                  require(_initializing ? _isConstructor() : !_initialized, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
                                  bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
                                  if (isTopLevelCall) {
                                      _initializing = true;
                                      _initialized = true;
                                  }
                                  _;
                                  if (isTopLevelCall) {
                                      _initializing = false;
                                  }
                              }
                              /**
                               * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
                               * {initializer} modifier, directly or indirectly.
                               */
                              modifier onlyInitializing() {
                                  require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
                                  _;
                              }
                              function _isConstructor() private view returns (bool) {
                                  return !AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this));
                              }
                          }