ETH Price: $2,047.99 (+2.78%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
10156897 at May-28-2020 10:23:28 PM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.00163992 ETH $3.36
Gas Used:
68,330 Gas / 24 Gwei

Emitted Events:

140 DUBI.Transfer( from=[Sender] 0x158e61a181959844d6ac426a2a50eec065b3a943, to=0xC5a319327e3A91f44161138cdc9682240eB4b5D7, value=50080000000000000000 )
141 DUBIex.LogTakeOrder( id=6385015083, taker=[Sender] 0x158e61a181959844d6ac426a2a50eec065b3a943, amount=676934865600000000 )

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
0x158e61A1...065B3a943
0.1393636135 Eth
Nonce: 8
0.8146585591 Eth
Nonce: 9
0.6752949456
(Spark Pool)
83.267831944676622837 Eth83.269471864676622837 Eth0.00163992
0x7C21D723...C8EA6cec7 72.227070178094683738 Eth71.550135312494683738 Eth0.6769348656
0xEd7fEA78...7aC31790B

Execution Trace

DUBIex.takeOrder( id=6385015083, amount=676934865600000000 ) => ( True )
  • DUBI.allowance( _owner=0x158e61A181959844D6Ac426a2A50eec065B3a943, _spender=0x7C21D723Af0f4594d4f8821aa16BC27C8EA6cec7 ) => ( 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 )
  • DUBI.balanceOf( _owner=0x158e61A181959844D6Ac426a2A50eec065B3a943 ) => ( balance=50080000000000000000 )
  • DUBI.transferFrom( _from=0x158e61A181959844D6Ac426a2A50eec065B3a943, _to=0xC5a319327e3A91f44161138cdc9682240eB4b5D7, _value=50080000000000000000 ) => ( True )
  • ETH 0.6769348656 0x158e61a181959844d6ac426a2a50eec065b3a943.CALL( )
    File 1 of 2: DUBIex
    pragma solidity 0.4.18;
    
    
    /**
     * @title ERC20Basic
     * @dev Simpler version of ERC20 interface
     * @dev see https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/179
     */
    contract ERC20Basic {
      function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256);
      function balanceOf(address who) public view returns (uint256);
      function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
      event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
    }
    
    /**
     * @title ERC20 interface
     * @dev see https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
     */
    contract ERC20 is ERC20Basic {
      function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view returns (uint256);
      function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
      function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
      event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
    }
    
    
    /**
     * @title SafeERC20
     * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure.
     * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for ERC20;` statement to your contract,
     * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
     */
    library SafeERC20 {
      function safeTransfer(ERC20Basic token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        assert(token.transfer(to, value));
      }
    
      function safeTransferFrom(ERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        assert(token.transferFrom(from, to, value));
      }
    
      function safeApprove(ERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        assert(token.approve(spender, value));
      }
    }
    
    
    /**
     * @title SafeMath
     * @dev Math operations with safety checks that throw on error
     */
    library SafeMath {
    
      /**
      * @dev Multiplies two numbers, throws on overflow.
      */
      function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
          return 0;
        }
        uint256 c = a * b;
        assert(c / a == b);
        return c;
      }
    
      /**
      * @dev Integer division of two numbers, truncating the quotient.
      */
      function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // assert(b > 0); // Solidity automatically throws when dividing by 0
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold
        return c;
      }
    
      /**
      * @dev Substracts two numbers, throws on overflow (i.e. if subtrahend is greater than minuend).
      */
      function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        assert(b <= a);
        return a - b;
      }
    
      /**
      * @dev Adds two numbers, throws on overflow.
      */
      function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        assert(c >= a);
        return c;
      }
    }
    
    
    /**
     * @title Helps contracts guard agains reentrancy attacks.
     * @author Remco Bloemen <remco@2π.com>
     * @notice If you mark a function `nonReentrant`, you should also
     * mark it `external`.
     */
    contract ReentrancyGuard {
    
      /**
       * @dev We use a single lock for the whole contract.
       */
      bool private reentrancy_lock = false;
    
      /**
       * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
       * @notice If you mark a function `nonReentrant`, you should also
       * mark it `external`. Calling one nonReentrant function from
       * another is not supported. Instead, you can implement a
       * `private` function doing the actual work, and a `external`
       * wrapper marked as `nonReentrant`.
       */
      modifier nonReentrant() {
        require(!reentrancy_lock);
        reentrancy_lock = true;
        _;
        reentrancy_lock = false;
      }
    
    }
    
    library Utils {
      function isEther(address addr) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return addr == address(0x0);
      }
    }
    
    
    contract DUBIex is ReentrancyGuard {
      using SafeMath for uint256;
      using SafeERC20 for ERC20;
      
      // order
      struct Order {
        uint256 id;
        address maker;
        uint256 amount;
        address pairA;
        address pairB;
        uint256 priceA;
        uint256 priceB;
      }
    
      // order id -> order
      mapping(uint256 => Order) public orders;
    
      // weiSend of current tx
      uint256 private weiSend = 0;
    
      // makes sure weiSend of current tx is reset
      modifier weiSendGuard() {
        weiSend = msg.value;
        _;
        weiSend = 0;
      }
    
      // logs
      event LogMakeOrder(uint256 id, address indexed maker, uint256 amount, address indexed pairA, address indexed pairB, uint256 priceA, uint256 priceB);
      event LogTakeOrder(uint256 indexed id, address indexed taker, uint256 amount);
      event LogCancelOrder(uint256 indexed id);
    
      // internal
      function _makeOrder(uint256 id, uint256 amount, address pairA, address pairB, uint256 priceA, uint256 priceB, address maker) internal returns (bool) {
        // validate input
        if (
          id <= 0 ||
          amount <= 0 ||
          pairA == pairB ||
          priceA <= 0 ||
          priceB <= 0 ||
          orders[id].id == id
        ) return false;
    
        bool pairAisEther = Utils.isEther(pairA);
        ERC20 tokenA = ERC20(pairA);
    
        // validate maker's deposit
        if (pairAisEther && (weiSend <= 0 || weiSend < amount)) return false;
        else if (!pairAisEther && (tokenA.allowance(maker, this) < amount || tokenA.balanceOf(maker) < amount)) return false;
    
        // update state
        orders[id] = Order(id, maker, amount, pairA, pairB, priceA, priceB);
    
        // retrieve makers amount
        if (pairAisEther) {
          // eth already received, subtract used wei
          weiSend = weiSend.sub(amount);
        } else {
          // pull tokens
          tokenA.safeTransferFrom(maker, this, amount);
        }
    
        LogMakeOrder(id, maker, amount, pairA, pairB, priceA, priceB);
    
        return true;
      }
    
      function _takeOrder(uint256 id, uint256 amount, address taker) internal returns (bool) {
        // validate inputs
        if (
          id <= 0 ||
          amount <= 0
        ) return false;
        
        // get order
        Order storage order = orders[id];
        // validate order
        if (order.id != id) return false;
        
        bool pairAisEther = Utils.isEther(order.pairA);
        bool pairBisEther = Utils.isEther(order.pairB);
        // amount of pairA usable
        uint256 usableAmount = amount > order.amount ? order.amount : amount;
        // amount of pairB maker will receive
        uint256 totalB = usableAmount.mul(order.priceB).div(order.priceA);
    
        // token interfaces
        ERC20 tokenA = ERC20(order.pairA);
        ERC20 tokenB = ERC20(order.pairB);
    
        // validate taker's deposit
        if (pairBisEther && (weiSend <= 0 || weiSend < totalB)) return false;
        else if (!pairBisEther && (tokenB.allowance(taker, this) < totalB || tokenB.balanceOf(taker) < amount)) return false;
    
        // update state
        order.amount = order.amount.sub(usableAmount);
    
        // pay maker
        if (pairBisEther) {
          weiSend = weiSend.sub(totalB);
          order.maker.transfer(totalB);
        } else {
          tokenB.safeTransferFrom(taker, order.maker, totalB);
        }
    
        // pay taker
        if (pairAisEther) {
          taker.transfer(usableAmount);
        } else {
          tokenA.safeTransfer(taker, usableAmount);
        }
    
        LogTakeOrder(id, taker, usableAmount);
    
        return true;
      }
    
      function _cancelOrder(uint256 id, address maker) internal returns (bool) {
        // validate inputs
        if (id <= 0) return false;
    
        // get order
        Order storage order = orders[id];
        if (
          order.id != id ||
          order.maker != maker
        ) return false;
    
        uint256 amount = order.amount;
        bool pairAisEther = Utils.isEther(order.pairA);
    
        // update state
        order.amount = 0;
    
        // actions
        if (pairAisEther) {
          order.maker.transfer(amount);
        } else {
          ERC20(order.pairA).safeTransfer(order.maker, amount);
        }
    
        LogCancelOrder(id);
    
        return true;
      }
    
      // single
      function makeOrder(uint256 id, uint256 amount, address pairA, address pairB, uint256 priceA, uint256 priceB) external payable weiSendGuard nonReentrant returns (bool) {
        bool success = _makeOrder(id, amount, pairA, pairB, priceA, priceB, msg.sender);
    
        if (weiSend > 0) msg.sender.transfer(weiSend);
    
        return success;
      }
    
      function takeOrder(uint256 id, uint256 amount) external payable weiSendGuard nonReentrant returns (bool) {
        bool success = _takeOrder(id, amount, msg.sender);
    
        if (weiSend > 0) msg.sender.transfer(weiSend);
    
        return success;
      }
    
      function cancelOrder(uint256 id) external nonReentrant returns (bool) {
        return _cancelOrder(id, msg.sender);
      }
    
      // multi
      function makeOrders(uint256[] ids, uint256[] amounts, address[] pairAs, address[] pairBs, uint256[] priceAs, uint256[] priceBs) external payable weiSendGuard nonReentrant returns (bool) {
        require(
          amounts.length == ids.length &&
          pairAs.length == ids.length &&
          pairBs.length == ids.length &&
          priceAs.length == ids.length &&
          priceBs.length == ids.length
        );
    
        bool allSuccess = true;
    
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
          // update if any of the orders failed
          // the function is like this because "stack too deep" error
          if (allSuccess && !_makeOrder(ids[i], amounts[i], pairAs[i], pairBs[i], priceAs[i], priceBs[i], msg.sender)) allSuccess = false;
        }
    
        if (weiSend > 0) msg.sender.transfer(weiSend);
    
        return allSuccess;
      }
    
      function takeOrders(uint256[] ids, uint256[] amounts) external payable weiSendGuard nonReentrant returns (bool) {
        require(ids.length == amounts.length);
    
        bool allSuccess = true;
    
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
          bool success = _takeOrder(ids[i], amounts[i], msg.sender);
    
          // update if any of the orders failed
          if (allSuccess && !success) allSuccess = success;
        }
    
        if (weiSend > 0) msg.sender.transfer(weiSend);
    
        return allSuccess;
      }
    
      function cancelOrders(uint256[] ids) external nonReentrant returns (bool) {
        bool allSuccess = true;
    
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
          bool success = _cancelOrder(ids[i], msg.sender);
    
          // update if any of the orders failed
          if (allSuccess && !success) allSuccess = success;
        }
    
        return allSuccess;
      }
    }

    File 2 of 2: DUBI
    pragma solidity 0.4.18;
    
    // File: zeppelin-solidity/contracts/ownership/rbac/Roles.sol
    
    /**
     * @title Roles
     * @author Francisco Giordano (@frangio)
     * @dev Library for managing addresses assigned to a Role.
     *      See RBAC.sol for example usage.
     */
    library Roles {
        struct Role {
            mapping (address => bool) bearer;
        }
    
        /**
         * @dev give an address access to this role
         */
        function add(Role storage role, address addr)
            internal
        {
            role.bearer[addr] = true;
        }
    
        /**
         * @dev remove an address' access to this role
         */
        function remove(Role storage role, address addr)
            internal
        {
            role.bearer[addr] = false;
        }
    
        /**
         * @dev check if an address has this role
         * // reverts
         */
        function check(Role storage role, address addr)
            view
            internal
        {
            require(has(role, addr));
        }
    
        /**
         * @dev check if an address has this role
         * @return bool
         */
        function has(Role storage role, address addr)
            view
            internal
            returns (bool)
        {
            return role.bearer[addr];
        }
    }
    
    // File: zeppelin-solidity/contracts/ownership/rbac/RBAC.sol
    
    /**
     * @title RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)
     * @author Matt Condon (@Shrugs)
     * @dev Stores and provides setters and getters for roles and addresses.
     *      Supports unlimited numbers of roles and addresses.
     *      See //contracts/examples/RBACExample.sol for an example of usage.
     * This RBAC method uses strings to key roles. It may be beneficial
     *  for you to write your own implementation of this interface using Enums or similar.
     * It's also recommended that you define constants in the contract, like ROLE_ADMIN below,
     *  to avoid typos.
     */
    contract RBAC {
        using Roles for Roles.Role;
    
        mapping (string => Roles.Role) private roles;
    
        event RoleAdded(address addr, string roleName);
        event RoleRemoved(address addr, string roleName);
    
        /**
         * A constant role name for indicating admins.
         */
        string public constant ROLE_ADMIN = "admin";
    
        /**
         * @dev constructor. Sets msg.sender as admin by default
         */
        function RBAC()
            public
        {
            addRole(msg.sender, ROLE_ADMIN);
        }
    
        /**
         * @dev add a role to an address
         * @param addr address
         * @param roleName the name of the role
         */
        function addRole(address addr, string roleName)
            internal
        {
            roles[roleName].add(addr);
            RoleAdded(addr, roleName);
        }
    
        /**
         * @dev remove a role from an address
         * @param addr address
         * @param roleName the name of the role
         */
        function removeRole(address addr, string roleName)
            internal
        {
            roles[roleName].remove(addr);
            RoleRemoved(addr, roleName);
        }
    
        /**
         * @dev reverts if addr does not have role
         * @param addr address
         * @param roleName the name of the role
         * // reverts
         */
        function checkRole(address addr, string roleName)
            view
            public
        {
            roles[roleName].check(addr);
        }
    
        /**
         * @dev determine if addr has role
         * @param addr address
         * @param roleName the name of the role
         * @return bool
         */
        function hasRole(address addr, string roleName)
            view
            public
            returns (bool)
        {
            return roles[roleName].has(addr);
        }
    
        /**
         * @dev add a role to an address
         * @param addr address
         * @param roleName the name of the role
         */
        function adminAddRole(address addr, string roleName)
            onlyAdmin
            public
        {
            addRole(addr, roleName);
        }
    
        /**
         * @dev remove a role from an address
         * @param addr address
         * @param roleName the name of the role
         */
        function adminRemoveRole(address addr, string roleName)
            onlyAdmin
            public
        {
            removeRole(addr, roleName);
        }
    
    
        /**
         * @dev modifier to scope access to a single role (uses msg.sender as addr)
         * @param roleName the name of the role
         * // reverts
         */
        modifier onlyRole(string roleName)
        {
            checkRole(msg.sender, roleName);
            _;
        }
    
        /**
         * @dev modifier to scope access to admins
         * // reverts
         */
        modifier onlyAdmin()
        {
            checkRole(msg.sender, ROLE_ADMIN);
            _;
        }
    
        /**
         * @dev modifier to scope access to a set of roles (uses msg.sender as addr)
         * @param roleNames the names of the roles to scope access to
         * // reverts
         *
         * @TODO - when solidity supports dynamic arrays as arguments to modifiers, provide this
         *  see: https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2467
         */
        // modifier onlyRoles(string[] roleNames) {
        //     bool hasAnyRole = false;
        //     for (uint8 i = 0; i < roleNames.length; i++) {
        //         if (hasRole(msg.sender, roleNames[i])) {
        //             hasAnyRole = true;
        //             break;
        //         }
        //     }
    
        //     require(hasAnyRole);
    
        //     _;
        // }
    }
    
    // File: zeppelin-solidity/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol
    
    /**
     * @title SafeMath
     * @dev Math operations with safety checks that throw on error
     */
    library SafeMath {
      function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
          return 0;
        }
        uint256 c = a * b;
        assert(c / a == b);
        return c;
      }
    
      function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // assert(b > 0); // Solidity automatically throws when dividing by 0
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold
        return c;
      }
    
      function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        assert(b <= a);
        return a - b;
      }
    
      function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        assert(c >= a);
        return c;
      }
    }
    
    // File: zeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20Basic.sol
    
    /**
     * @title ERC20Basic
     * @dev Simpler version of ERC20 interface
     * @dev see https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/179
     */
    contract ERC20Basic {
      uint256 public totalSupply;
      function balanceOf(address who) public view returns (uint256);
      function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
      event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
    }
    
    // File: zeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/BasicToken.sol
    
    /**
     * @title Basic token
     * @dev Basic version of StandardToken, with no allowances.
     */
    contract BasicToken is ERC20Basic {
      using SafeMath for uint256;
    
      mapping(address => uint256) balances;
    
      /**
      * @dev transfer token for a specified address
      * @param _to The address to transfer to.
      * @param _value The amount to be transferred.
      */
      function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
        require(_to != address(0));
        require(_value <= balances[msg.sender]);
    
        // SafeMath.sub will throw if there is not enough balance.
        balances[msg.sender] = balances[msg.sender].sub(_value);
        balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_value);
        Transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value);
        return true;
      }
    
      /**
      * @dev Gets the balance of the specified address.
      * @param _owner The address to query the the balance of.
      * @return An uint256 representing the amount owned by the passed address.
      */
      function balanceOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256 balance) {
        return balances[_owner];
      }
    
    }
    
    // File: zeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/BurnableToken.sol
    
    /**
     * @title Burnable Token
     * @dev Token that can be irreversibly burned (destroyed).
     */
    contract BurnableToken is BasicToken {
    
        event Burn(address indexed burner, uint256 value);
    
        /**
         * @dev Burns a specific amount of tokens.
         * @param _value The amount of token to be burned.
         */
        function burn(uint256 _value) public {
            require(_value <= balances[msg.sender]);
            // no need to require value <= totalSupply, since that would imply the
            // sender's balance is greater than the totalSupply, which *should* be an assertion failure
    
            address burner = msg.sender;
            balances[burner] = balances[burner].sub(_value);
            totalSupply = totalSupply.sub(_value);
            Burn(burner, _value);
        }
    }
    
    // File: zeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20.sol
    
    /**
     * @title ERC20 interface
     * @dev see https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
     */
    contract ERC20 is ERC20Basic {
      function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view returns (uint256);
      function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
      function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
      event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
    }
    
    // File: zeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/StandardToken.sol
    
    /**
     * @title Standard ERC20 token
     *
     * @dev Implementation of the basic standard token.
     * @dev https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
     * @dev Based on code by FirstBlood: https://github.com/Firstbloodio/token/blob/master/smart_contract/FirstBloodToken.sol
     */
    contract StandardToken is ERC20, BasicToken {
    
      mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) internal allowed;
    
    
      /**
       * @dev Transfer tokens from one address to another
       * @param _from address The address which you want to send tokens from
       * @param _to address The address which you want to transfer to
       * @param _value uint256 the amount of tokens to be transferred
       */
      function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
        require(_to != address(0));
        require(_value <= balances[_from]);
        require(_value <= allowed[_from][msg.sender]);
    
        balances[_from] = balances[_from].sub(_value);
        balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_value);
        allowed[_from][msg.sender] = allowed[_from][msg.sender].sub(_value);
        Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
        return true;
      }
    
      /**
       * @dev Approve the passed address to spend the specified amount of tokens on behalf of msg.sender.
       *
       * Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk that someone may use both the old
       * and the new allowance by unfortunate transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this
       * race condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the desired value afterwards:
       * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
       * @param _spender The address which will spend the funds.
       * @param _value The amount of tokens to be spent.
       */
      function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
        allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
        Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _value);
        return true;
      }
    
      /**
       * @dev Function to check the amount of tokens that an owner allowed to a spender.
       * @param _owner address The address which owns the funds.
       * @param _spender address The address which will spend the funds.
       * @return A uint256 specifying the amount of tokens still available for the spender.
       */
      function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) public view returns (uint256) {
        return allowed[_owner][_spender];
      }
    
      /**
       * @dev Increase the amount of tokens that an owner allowed to a spender.
       *
       * approve should be called when allowed[_spender] == 0. To increment
       * allowed value is better to use this function to avoid 2 calls (and wait until
       * the first transaction is mined)
       * From MonolithDAO Token.sol
       * @param _spender The address which will spend the funds.
       * @param _addedValue The amount of tokens to increase the allowance by.
       */
      function increaseApproval(address _spender, uint _addedValue) public returns (bool) {
        allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = allowed[msg.sender][_spender].add(_addedValue);
        Approval(msg.sender, _spender, allowed[msg.sender][_spender]);
        return true;
      }
    
      /**
       * @dev Decrease the amount of tokens that an owner allowed to a spender.
       *
       * approve should be called when allowed[_spender] == 0. To decrement
       * allowed value is better to use this function to avoid 2 calls (and wait until
       * the first transaction is mined)
       * From MonolithDAO Token.sol
       * @param _spender The address which will spend the funds.
       * @param _subtractedValue The amount of tokens to decrease the allowance by.
       */
      function decreaseApproval(address _spender, uint _subtractedValue) public returns (bool) {
        uint oldValue = allowed[msg.sender][_spender];
        if (_subtractedValue > oldValue) {
          allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = 0;
        } else {
          allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = oldValue.sub(_subtractedValue);
        }
        Approval(msg.sender, _spender, allowed[msg.sender][_spender]);
        return true;
      }
    
    }
    
    // File: contracts/DUBI.sol
    
    contract DUBI is StandardToken, BurnableToken, RBAC {
      string public constant name = "Decentralized Universal Basic Income";
      string public constant symbol = "DUBI";
      uint8 public constant decimals = 18;
      string constant public ROLE_MINT = "mint";
    
      event MintLog(address indexed to, uint256 amount);
    
      function DUBI() public {
        totalSupply = 0;
      }
    
      // used by contracts to mint DUBI tokens
      function mint(address _to, uint256 _amount) external onlyRole(ROLE_MINT) returns (bool) {
        require(_to != address(0));
        require(_amount > 0);
    
        // update state
        totalSupply = totalSupply.add(_amount);
        balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_amount);
    
        // logs
        MintLog(_to, _amount);
        Transfer(0x0, _to, _amount);
        
        return true;
      }
    }