// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
// This contract inherits from Staker.sol by [ScopeLift](https://scopelift.co)
// Staker.sol is licensed under AGPL-3.0-only.
// Users of this should ensure compliance with the AGPL-3.0-only license terms of the inherited Staker.sol contract.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// === Base Imports ===

import { RegenStakerBase, Staker, IERC20, DelegationSurrogate, IAddressSet, IEarningPowerCalculator } from "src/regen/RegenStakerBase.sol";
import { AccessMode } from "src/constants.sol";
import { SafeERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";

// === Contract Header ===
/// @title RegenStakerWithoutDelegateSurrogateVotes
/// @author [Golem Foundation](https://golem.foundation)
/// @custom:security-contact security@golem.foundation
/// @notice Variant of RegenStakerBase for regular ERC20 tokens without delegation support.
/// @custom:origin https://github.com/ScopeLift/flexible-voting/blob/master/src/Staker.sol
/// @dev Eliminates surrogate pattern; tokens are held directly by this contract.
/// @dev DELEGATION LIMITATION: Delegatee is tracked for compatibility but has no effect on token delegation.
///
/// @dev VARIANT COMPARISON: (See RegenStaker.sol for the delegation variant)
/// ┌─────────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┐
/// │ Feature                             │ RegenStaker     │ RegenStakerWithoutDelegateSurro… │
/// ├─────────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
/// │ Delegation Support                  │ ✓ Full Support  │ ✗ No Support                     │
/// │ Surrogate Deployment                │ ✓ Per Delegatee │ ✗ Contract as Surrogate          │
/// │ Token Holder                        │ Surrogates      │ Contract Directly                │
/// │ Voting Capability                   │ ✓ via Surrogate │ ✗ Not Available                  │
/// │ Gas Cost (First Delegatee)          │ Higher          │ Lower                            │
/// │ Integration Complexity              │ Higher          │ Lower                            │
/// └─────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
///
/// @dev VARIANT COMPARISON: See RegenStaker.sol for detailed comparison table.
///
/// @dev KEY DIFFERENCES FROM RegenStaker:
/// - No delegation support: delegatee parameter is informational only
/// - Lower gas costs: no surrogate contract deployment
/// - Simpler integration: contract holds tokens directly
/// - No voting capabilities through delegation
/// - Same security model: both variants use owner-centric allowset authorization
///
/// @dev USE CASE: Choose this variant for simple ERC20 staking without governance requirements.
contract RegenStakerWithoutDelegateSurrogateVotes is RegenStakerBase {
    // === Custom Errors ===
    error DelegationNotSupported();

    // === Constructor ===
    /// @notice Constructor for the RegenStakerWithoutDelegateSurrogateVotes contract.
    /// @param _rewardsToken Token distributed as staking rewards
    /// @param _stakeToken ERC20 token users stake (must implement IERC20Permit)
    /// @param _earningPowerCalculator Contract calculating earning power from stakes
    /// @param _maxBumpTip Maximum tip for earning power bumps in reward token base units
    /// @param _admin Address with admin permissions (TRUSTED)
    /// @param _rewardDuration Duration for reward distribution in seconds
    /// @param _minimumStakeAmount Minimum stake required in stake token base units
    /// @param _stakerAllowset Allowset for ALLOWSET mode (can be address(0))
    /// @param _stakerBlockset Blockset for BLOCKSET mode (can be address(0))
    /// @param _stakerAccessMode Staker access mode (NONE, ALLOWSET, or BLOCKSET)
    /// @param _allocationMechanismAllowset Allowset of approved allocation mechanisms (SECURITY CRITICAL)
    ///      Only audited and trusted allocation mechanisms should be in the allowset.
    ///      Users contribute funds to these mechanisms and may lose funds if mechanisms are malicious.
    constructor(
        IERC20 _rewardsToken,
        IERC20 _stakeToken,
        IEarningPowerCalculator _earningPowerCalculator,
        uint256 _maxBumpTip,
        address _admin,
        uint128 _rewardDuration,
        uint128 _minimumStakeAmount,
        IAddressSet _stakerAllowset,
        IAddressSet _stakerBlockset,
        AccessMode _stakerAccessMode,
        IAddressSet _allocationMechanismAllowset
    )
        RegenStakerBase(
            _rewardsToken,
            _stakeToken,
            _earningPowerCalculator,
            _maxBumpTip,
            _admin,
            _rewardDuration,
            _minimumStakeAmount,
            _stakerAllowset,
            _stakerBlockset,
            _stakerAccessMode,
            _allocationMechanismAllowset,
            "RegenStakerWithoutDelegateSurrogateVotes"
        )
    {}

    // === Overridden Functions ===

    /// @notice Validates sufficient reward token balance and returns the required balance for this variant
    /// @dev Overrides base to include totalStaked for same-token scenarios since stakes are held in main contract
    /// @param _amount Reward amount being added in reward token base units
    /// @return required Required balance including appropriate obligations
    function _validateAndGetRequiredBalance(uint256 _amount) internal view override returns (uint256 required) {
        uint256 currentBalance = REWARD_TOKEN.balanceOf(address(this));
        uint256 carryOverAmount = totalRewards - totalClaimedRewards;

        if (address(REWARD_TOKEN) == address(STAKE_TOKEN)) {
            // Same-token scenario: stakes ARE in main contract, so include totalStaked
            // Accounting: totalStaked + totalRewards - totalClaimedRewards + newAmount
            required = totalStaked + carryOverAmount + _amount;
        } else {
            // Different-token scenario: stakes are separate, only track reward obligations
            // Accounting: totalRewards - totalClaimedRewards + newAmount
            required = carryOverAmount + _amount;
        }

        if (currentBalance < required) {
            revert InsufficientRewardBalance(currentBalance, required);
        }

        return required;
    }

    /// @notice Returns this contract as the "surrogate" since we hold tokens directly
    /// @dev ARCHITECTURE: This variant uses address(this) as surrogate to eliminate delegation complexity
    ///      while maintaining compatibility with base Staker contract logic. This allows reuse of all
    ///      base functionality without deploying separate surrogate contracts.
    /// @dev WARNING: Deviates from standard surrogate pattern. Always returns address(this).
    ///      Integrators expecting separate surrogate contracts will fail. Do not assume external
    ///      surrogate contracts exist when integrating with this variant.
    function surrogates(address /* _delegatee */) public view override returns (DelegationSurrogate) {
        return DelegationSurrogate(address(this));
    }

    /// @notice Returns this contract as the "surrogate" - no separate contracts needed
    /// @dev SIMPLIFICATION: Eliminates need for complex token transfer overrides
    function _fetchOrDeploySurrogate(address /* _delegatee */) internal view override returns (DelegationSurrogate) {
        return DelegationSurrogate(address(this));
    }

    /// @notice Override to support withdrawals when this contract acts as its own surrogate
    /// @dev Since this contract uses address(this) as surrogate, use safeTransfer for contract-to-user paths.
    function _stakeTokenSafeTransferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) internal override {
        // Use safeTransfer for withdrawals (contract -> user)
        if (_from == address(this)) {
            SafeERC20.safeTransfer(STAKE_TOKEN, _to, _value);
            return;
        }

        // Default behavior for deposits (user -> contract)
        super._stakeTokenSafeTransferFrom(_from, _to, _value);
    }

    /// @notice Delegation changes are not supported in this variant
    /// @dev Always reverts since this contract doesn't use delegation surrogates - always uses address(this)
    /// @dev Both alterDelegatee() and alterDelegateeOnBehalf() call this internal function
    function _alterDelegatee(Deposit storage, DepositIdentifier, address) internal pure override {
        revert DelegationNotSupported();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
// This contract inherits from Staker.sol by [ScopeLift](https://scopelift.co)
// Staker.sol is licensed under AGPL-3.0-only.
// Users of this should ensure compliance with the AGPL-3.0-only license terms of the inherited Staker.sol contract.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// OpenZeppelin Imports
import { EIP712 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol";
import { Pausable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Pausable.sol";
import { ReentrancyGuard } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol";
import { IERC20Permit } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";

// Staker Library Imports
import { Staker, DelegationSurrogate, SafeCast, SafeERC20, IERC20 } from "staker/Staker.sol";
import { StakerOnBehalf } from "staker/extensions/StakerOnBehalf.sol";
import { StakerPermitAndStake } from "staker/extensions/StakerPermitAndStake.sol";

// Local Imports
import { IAddressSet } from "src/utils/IAddressSet.sol";
import { IEarningPowerCalculator } from "staker/interfaces/IEarningPowerCalculator.sol";
import { TokenizedAllocationMechanism } from "src/mechanisms/TokenizedAllocationMechanism.sol";
import { OctantQFMechanism } from "src/mechanisms/mechanism/OctantQFMechanism.sol";
import { AccessMode } from "src/constants.sol";
import { NotInAllowset } from "src/errors.sol";

// === Contract Header ===
/// @title RegenStakerBase
/// @author [Golem Foundation](https://golem.foundation)
/// @custom:security-contact security@golem.foundation
/// @custom:origin https://github.com/ScopeLift/staker
/// @notice Base contract for RegenStaker variants, extending the Staker contract by [ScopeLift](https://scopelift.co).
/// @notice Provides shared functionality including:
///         - Variable reward duration (7-3000 days, configurable by admin)
///         - Earning power management with external bumping incentivized by tips (up to maxBumpTip)
///         - Adjustable minimum stake amount (existing deposits grandfathered with restrictions)
///         - Access control for stakers and allocation mechanisms
///         - Reward compounding (when REWARD_TOKEN == STAKE_TOKEN)
///         - Reward contribution to approved allocation mechanisms
///         - Admin controls (pause/unpause, config updates)
///
/// @dev WITHDRAWAL PROTECTION:
///      Users can always withdraw their staked tokens, even when the contract is paused.
///      The pause functionality affects all other operations (stake, claim, contribute, compound)
///      but explicitly excludes withdrawals to preserve user access to their principal funds.
///      This design ensures emergency pause can halt new deposits and reward operations while
///      maintaining user control over their staked assets at all times.
///
/// @dev CLAIMER PERMISSION MODEL:
///      Claimers are trusted entities designated by deposit owners with specific permissions:
///
///      Permission Matrix:
///      ┌─────────────────────────┬──────────┬─────────┐
///      │ Operation               │ Owner    │ Claimer │
///      ├─────────────────────────┼──────────┼─────────┤
///      │ Claim rewards           │ ✓        │ ✓       │
///      │ Compound rewards*†      │ ✓        │ ✓       │
///      │ Contribute to public‡   │ ✓        │ ✓       │
///      │ Stake more              │ ✓        │ ✗       │
///      │ Withdraw                │ ✓        │ ✗       │
///      │ Alter delegatee         │ ✓        │ ✗       │
///      │ Alter claimer           │ ✓        │ ✗       │
///      └─────────────────────────┴──────────┴─────────┘
///      * Compounding increases deposit stake (intended behavior)
///      † Compounding requires deposit owner to pass stakerAccessMode checks (allowset/blockset enforcement)
///      ‡ Mechanism must be on allocationMechanismAllowset; contributor checked via mechanism's contributionAllowset
///      § VOTING POWER: The contributor (msg.sender) receives voting power in the allocation mechanism,
///         NOT the deposit owner. When a claimer contributes, the claimer gets voting power.
///
///      When designating a claimer, owners explicitly trust them with:
///      1. Claiming accrued rewards on their behalf
///      2. Compounding rewards to increase stake position (when REWARD_TOKEN == STAKE_TOKEN)
///      3. Contributing unclaimed rewards to approved allocation mechanisms
///      4. Receiving voting power in allocation mechanisms when they contribute (claimer gets voting power, not owner)
///
///      Security boundaries are maintained:
///      - Claimers cannot withdraw principal or rewards to arbitrary addresses
///      - Claimers cannot modify deposit parameters
///      - Owners can revoke claimer designation at any time via alterClaimer()
///
/// @notice Token requirements: STAKE_TOKEN and REWARD_TOKEN must be standard ERC-20 tokens.
///         Unsupported token behaviors include fee-on-transfer/deflationary mechanisms, rebasing,
///         or non-standard return values. Accounting assumes transferred amount equals requested
///         amount; non-standard tokens can break deposits, withdrawals, or reward accounting.
/// @dev Integer division causes ~1 wei precision loss, negligible due to SCALE_FACTOR (1e36).
/// @dev This base is abstract, with variants implementing token-specific behaviors (e.g., delegation surrogates).
/// @dev Earning power updates are required after balance changes; some are automatic, others via bumpEarningPower.
abstract contract RegenStakerBase is Staker, Pausable, ReentrancyGuard, EIP712, StakerPermitAndStake, StakerOnBehalf {
    using SafeCast for uint256;

    // === Enums ===

    // === Structs ===
    /// @notice Struct to hold shared configuration state
    /// @dev Groups related configuration variables for better storage efficiency and easier inheritance.
    struct SharedState {
        uint128 rewardDuration;
        uint128 minimumStakeAmount;
        IAddressSet stakerAllowset;
        IAddressSet allocationMechanismAllowset;
        IAddressSet stakerBlockset;
        AccessMode stakerAccessMode;
    }

    // === Constants ===
    /// @notice Minimum allowed reward duration in seconds (7 days).
    uint256 public constant MIN_REWARD_DURATION = 7 days;

    /// @notice Maximum allowed reward duration to prevent excessively long reward periods.
    uint256 public constant MAX_REWARD_DURATION = 3000 days;

    // === Custom Errors ===
    /// @param user Address that failed allowset check
    error StakerNotAllowed(address user);
    /// @param user Address found in blockset
    error StakerBlocked(address user);
    /// @param mechanism Allocation mechanism that rejected contributor
    /// @param owner Deposit owner attempting contribution
    error DepositOwnerNotEligibleForMechanism(address mechanism, address owner);
    /// @param currentBalance Actual token balance in contract (in token base units)
    /// @param required Minimum balance needed for totalStaked plus reward amount (in token base units)
    error InsufficientRewardBalance(uint256 currentBalance, uint256 required);
    /// @param requested Requested amount in token base units
    /// @param available Available amount in token base units
    error CantAfford(uint256 requested, uint256 available);
    /// @param expected Minimum stake amount required in token base units
    /// @param actual Actual stake amount provided in token base units
    error MinimumStakeAmountNotMet(uint256 expected, uint256 actual);
    /// @param rewardDuration Invalid duration value in seconds
    error InvalidRewardDuration(uint256 rewardDuration);
    error CannotChangeRewardDurationDuringActiveReward();
    error CompoundingNotSupported();
    error CannotRaiseMinimumStakeAmountDuringActiveReward();
    error CannotRaiseMaxBumpTipDuringActiveReward();

    /// @notice Error thrown when attempting to change earning power calculator during active reward
    error CannotChangeEarningPowerCalculatorDuringActiveReward();

    error ZeroOperation();
    error NoOperation();
    error DisablingAllocationMechanismAllowsetNotAllowed();
    /// @param expected Address of REWARD_TOKEN
    /// @param actual Address of token expected by allocation mechanism
    error AssetMismatch(address expected, address actual);

    // === State Variables ===
    /// @notice Shared configuration state instance
    /// @dev Internal storage for shared configuration accessible via getters.
    SharedState internal sharedState;

    /// @notice Tracks the total amount of rewards that have been added via notifyRewardAmount
    /// @dev This accumulates all reward amounts ever added to the contract
    uint256 public totalRewards;

    /// @notice Tracks the total amount of rewards that have been consumed by users
    /// @dev This includes claims, compounding, contributions, and tips
    uint256 public totalClaimedRewards;

    /// @notice Summary of the most recently scheduled reward cycle.
    /// @dev Tracks both the new amount and any carried-over rewards for analytics and UX.
    struct RewardSchedule {
        uint256 addedAmount;
        uint256 carryOverAmount;
        uint256 totalScheduledAmount;
        uint256 requiredBalance;
        uint256 duration;
        uint256 endTime;
    }

    /// @notice Cached metadata for the most recent reward schedule.
    RewardSchedule public latestRewardSchedule;

    // === Events ===
    /// @notice Emitted when the staker allowset is updated
    /// @param allowset Address of new allowset contract controlling staker access
    event StakerAllowsetAssigned(IAddressSet indexed allowset);

    /// @notice Emitted when the staker blockset is updated
    /// @param blockset Address of new blockset contract defining blocked stakers
    event StakerBlocksetAssigned(IAddressSet indexed blockset);

    /// @notice Emitted when staker access mode is changed
    /// @param mode New access control mode (NONE, ALLOWSET, or BLOCKSET)
    event AccessModeSet(AccessMode indexed mode);

    /// @notice Emitted when the allocation mechanism allowset is updated
    /// @param allowset Address of new allowset contract defining approved mechanisms
    event AllocationMechanismAllowsetAssigned(IAddressSet indexed allowset);

    /// @notice Emitted when the reward duration is updated
    /// @param newDuration New duration for reward distribution in seconds
    event RewardDurationSet(uint256 newDuration);

    /// @notice Emitted when a new reward schedule is created or updated.
    /// @param addedAmount Newly supplied reward amount for this cycle
    /// @param carryOverAmount Unclaimed rewards carried over into the new cycle
    /// @param totalScheduledAmount Total rewards scheduled for distribution this cycle
    /// @param requiredBalance Total balance the contract must hold after notification
    /// @param duration Duration over which the rewards will stream
    /// @param endTime Timestamp when the reward cycle is scheduled to end
    event RewardScheduleUpdated(
        uint256 addedAmount,
        uint256 carryOverAmount,
        uint256 totalScheduledAmount,
        uint256 requiredBalance,
        uint256 duration,
        uint256 endTime
    );

    /// @notice Emitted when rewards are contributed to an allocation mechanism
    /// @param depositId Deposit being used for contribution
    /// @param contributor Address making the contribution (receives voting power)
    /// @param fundingRound Allocation mechanism receiving the contribution
    /// @param amount Contribution amount in reward token base units
    event RewardContributed(
        DepositIdentifier indexed depositId,
        address indexed contributor,
        address indexed fundingRound,
        uint256 amount
    );
    /// @param delegatee Address for which surrogate should exist but doesn't
    error SurrogateNotFound(address delegatee);

    /// @notice Emitted when the minimum stake amount is updated
    /// @param newMinimumStakeAmount New minimum stake required in stake token base units
    event MinimumStakeAmountSet(uint256 newMinimumStakeAmount);

    // === Getters ===
    /// @notice Gets the current reward duration
    /// @return Duration for reward distribution in seconds
    function rewardDuration() external view returns (uint256) {
        return sharedState.rewardDuration;
    }

    /// @notice Gets the staker allowset
    /// @return Allowset contract controlling staker access
    function stakerAllowset() external view returns (IAddressSet) {
        return sharedState.stakerAllowset;
    }

    /// @notice Gets the staker blockset
    /// @return Blockset contract defining blocked stakers
    function stakerBlockset() external view returns (IAddressSet) {
        return sharedState.stakerBlockset;
    }

    /// @notice Gets the staker access mode
    /// @return Current access control mode (NONE, ALLOWSET, or BLOCKSET)
    function stakerAccessMode() external view returns (AccessMode) {
        return sharedState.stakerAccessMode;
    }

    /// @notice Gets the allocation mechanism allowset
    /// @return Allowset contract defining approved allocation mechanisms
    function allocationMechanismAllowset() external view returns (IAddressSet) {
        return sharedState.allocationMechanismAllowset;
    }

    /// @notice Gets the minimum stake amount
    /// @return Minimum stake required in stake token base units
    function minimumStakeAmount() external view returns (uint256) {
        return sharedState.minimumStakeAmount;
    }

    // === Constructor ===
    /// @notice Constructor for RegenStakerBase
    /// @dev Initializes Staker, extensions, and shared state
    /// @param _rewardsToken Token distributed as staking rewards
    /// @param _stakeToken Token users stake (must support IERC20Permit)
    /// @param _earningPowerCalculator Contract calculating earning power from stakes
    /// @param _maxBumpTip Maximum tip for earning power bumps in reward token base units
    /// @param _admin Address with admin permissions
    /// @param _rewardDuration Duration for reward distribution in seconds
    /// @param _minimumStakeAmount Minimum stake required in stake token base units
    /// @param _stakerAllowset Allowset contract for ALLOWSET mode (can be address(0))
    /// @param _stakerBlockset Blockset contract for BLOCKSET mode (can be address(0))
    /// @param _stakerAccessMode Initial access control mode (NONE, ALLOWSET, or BLOCKSET)
    /// @param _allocationMechanismAllowset Allowset of approved allocation mechanisms (cannot be address(0))
    /// @param _eip712Name EIP712 domain name for signature verification
    constructor(
        IERC20 _rewardsToken,
        IERC20 _stakeToken,
        IEarningPowerCalculator _earningPowerCalculator,
        uint256 _maxBumpTip,
        address _admin,
        uint128 _rewardDuration,
        uint128 _minimumStakeAmount,
        IAddressSet _stakerAllowset,
        IAddressSet _stakerBlockset,
        AccessMode _stakerAccessMode,
        IAddressSet _allocationMechanismAllowset,
        string memory _eip712Name
    )
        Staker(_rewardsToken, _stakeToken, _earningPowerCalculator, _maxBumpTip, _admin)
        StakerPermitAndStake(IERC20Permit(address(_stakeToken)))
        EIP712(_eip712Name, "1")
    {
        // Fee collection has been eliminated - set MAX_CLAIM_FEE to 0 to disable fees permanently
        MAX_CLAIM_FEE = 0;
        // Explicitly initialize claimFeeParameters to zero state for clarity
        claimFeeParameters = ClaimFeeParameters({ feeAmount: 0, feeCollector: address(0) });

        // Enable self-transfers for compound operations when stake and reward tokens are the same
        // This allows compoundRewards to use _stakeTokenSafeTransferFrom with address(this) as source
        if (address(STAKE_TOKEN) == address(REWARD_TOKEN)) {
            SafeERC20.safeIncreaseAllowance(STAKE_TOKEN, address(this), type(uint256).max);
        }

        // Initialize shared state
        _initializeSharedState(
            _rewardDuration,
            _minimumStakeAmount,
            _stakerAllowset,
            _stakerBlockset,
            _stakerAccessMode,
            _allocationMechanismAllowset
        );
    }

    // === Internal Functions ===
    /// @notice Initialize shared state with validation
    /// @dev Called by child constructors to set up shared configuration
    /// @param _rewardDuration Duration for reward distribution in seconds
    /// @param _minimumStakeAmount Minimum stake required in stake token base units
    /// @param _stakerAllowset Allowset contract for ALLOWSET mode (can be address(0))
    /// @param _stakerBlockset Blockset contract for BLOCKSET mode (can be address(0))
    /// @param _stakerAccessMode Initial access control mode (NONE, ALLOWSET, or BLOCKSET)
    /// @param _allocationMechanismAllowset Allowset of approved allocation mechanisms
    function _initializeSharedState(
        uint128 _rewardDuration,
        uint128 _minimumStakeAmount,
        IAddressSet _stakerAllowset,
        IAddressSet _stakerBlockset,
        AccessMode _stakerAccessMode,
        IAddressSet _allocationMechanismAllowset
    ) internal {
        require(
            _rewardDuration >= MIN_REWARD_DURATION && _rewardDuration <= MAX_REWARD_DURATION,
            InvalidRewardDuration(uint256(_rewardDuration))
        );
        // Align initialization invariants with setters: allocation mechanism allowset cannot be disabled
        require(address(_allocationMechanismAllowset) != address(0), DisablingAllocationMechanismAllowsetNotAllowed());
        // Sanity check: Allocation mechanism allowset must be distinct from staker address sets
        require(
            address(_allocationMechanismAllowset) != address(_stakerAllowset) &&
                address(_allocationMechanismAllowset) != address(_stakerBlockset),
            Staker__InvalidAddress()
        );

        // Emit events first to match setter ordering
        emit RewardDurationSet(_rewardDuration);
        emit MinimumStakeAmountSet(_minimumStakeAmount);
        emit StakerAllowsetAssigned(_stakerAllowset);
        emit StakerBlocksetAssigned(_stakerBlockset);
        emit AccessModeSet(_stakerAccessMode);
        emit AllocationMechanismAllowsetAssigned(_allocationMechanismAllowset);

        // Assign to storage after emits for consistency with setters
        sharedState.rewardDuration = _rewardDuration;
        sharedState.minimumStakeAmount = _minimumStakeAmount;
        sharedState.stakerAllowset = _stakerAllowset;
        sharedState.stakerBlockset = _stakerBlockset;
        sharedState.stakerAccessMode = _stakerAccessMode;
        sharedState.allocationMechanismAllowset = _allocationMechanismAllowset;
    }

    /// @notice Sets the reward duration for future reward notifications
    /// @dev GAS IMPLICATIONS: Shorter reward durations may result in higher gas costs for certain
    ///      operations due to more frequent reward rate calculations. Consider gas costs when
    ///      selecting reward durations.
    /// @dev Can only be called by admin and not during active reward period
    /// @param _rewardDuration New reward duration in seconds (7 days minimum, 3000 days maximum)
    function setRewardDuration(uint128 _rewardDuration) external {
        _revertIfNotAdmin();
        require(block.timestamp > rewardEndTime, CannotChangeRewardDurationDuringActiveReward());
        require(
            _rewardDuration >= MIN_REWARD_DURATION && _rewardDuration <= MAX_REWARD_DURATION,
            InvalidRewardDuration(uint256(_rewardDuration))
        );
        require(sharedState.rewardDuration != _rewardDuration, NoOperation());

        emit RewardDurationSet(_rewardDuration);
        sharedState.rewardDuration = _rewardDuration;
    }

    /// @notice Internal implementation of notifyRewardAmount using custom reward duration
    /// @dev Overrides the base Staker logic to use variable duration
    /// @dev Enforces monotonic reward property: totalRewards can only increase, never decrease.
    ///      Once rewards are notified and time has elapsed, those elapsed portions cannot be
    ///      clawed back. Admins can adjust future reward rates by notifying new amounts, but
    ///      the current schedule represents a commitment for its duration and typically won't
    ///      be changed mid-cycle.
    /// @param _amount Reward amount to notify in reward token base units
    /// @param _requiredBalance Required contract balance calculated by variant-specific validation
    function _notifyRewardAmountWithCustomDuration(uint256 _amount, uint256 _requiredBalance) internal {
        if (!isRewardNotifier[msg.sender]) revert Staker__Unauthorized("not notifier", msg.sender);

        rewardPerTokenAccumulatedCheckpoint = rewardPerTokenAccumulated();

        if (block.timestamp >= rewardEndTime) {
            // Scale to maintain precision across variable durations
            scaledRewardRate = (_amount * SCALE_FACTOR) / sharedState.rewardDuration;
        } else {
            uint256 _remainingReward = scaledRewardRate * (rewardEndTime - block.timestamp);
            // Scale to maintain precision across variable durations
            scaledRewardRate = (_remainingReward + _amount * SCALE_FACTOR) / sharedState.rewardDuration;
        }

        rewardEndTime = block.timestamp + sharedState.rewardDuration;
        lastCheckpointTime = block.timestamp;

        if (scaledRewardRate < SCALE_FACTOR) revert Staker__InvalidRewardRate();

        // Calculate reward schedule metadata before updating totalRewards
        uint256 carryOverAmount = totalRewards - totalClaimedRewards;
        uint256 totalScheduledAmount = carryOverAmount + _amount;

        // Track total rewards added
        totalRewards += _amount;

        emit RewardNotified(_amount, msg.sender);

        latestRewardSchedule = RewardSchedule({
            addedAmount: _amount,
            carryOverAmount: carryOverAmount,
            totalScheduledAmount: totalScheduledAmount,
            requiredBalance: _requiredBalance,
            duration: sharedState.rewardDuration,
            endTime: rewardEndTime
        });

        emit RewardScheduleUpdated(
            _amount,
            carryOverAmount,
            totalScheduledAmount,
            _requiredBalance,
            sharedState.rewardDuration,
            rewardEndTime
        );
    }

    /// @notice Sets the allowset for stakers (who can stake tokens)
    /// @dev OPERATIONAL IMPACT: Affects all stake and stakeMore operations immediately.
    /// @dev GRANDFATHERING: Existing stakers can continue operations regardless of new allowset.
    /// @dev Can only be called by admin
    /// @dev NOTE: Use setAccessMode(AccessMode.NONE) to disable access control, not address(0)
    /// @param _stakerAllowset New staker allowset contract
    function setStakerAllowset(IAddressSet _stakerAllowset) external {
        require(sharedState.stakerAllowset != _stakerAllowset, NoOperation());
        require(address(_stakerAllowset) != address(sharedState.allocationMechanismAllowset), Staker__InvalidAddress());
        _revertIfNotAdmin();
        emit StakerAllowsetAssigned(_stakerAllowset);
        sharedState.stakerAllowset = _stakerAllowset;
    }

    /// @notice Sets the staker blockset
    /// @dev OPERATIONAL IMPACT: Affects all stake operations immediately.
    /// @dev Can only be called by admin
    /// @dev NOTE: Use setAccessMode(AccessMode.NONE) to disable access control, not address(0)
    /// @param _stakerBlockset New staker blockset contract
    function setStakerBlockset(IAddressSet _stakerBlockset) external {
        _revertIfNotAdmin();
        require(sharedState.stakerBlockset != _stakerBlockset, NoOperation());
        require(address(_stakerBlockset) != address(sharedState.allocationMechanismAllowset), Staker__InvalidAddress());
        emit StakerBlocksetAssigned(_stakerBlockset);
        sharedState.stakerBlockset = _stakerBlockset;
    }

    /// @notice Sets the staker access mode
    /// @dev OPERATIONAL IMPACT: Changes which address set (allowset/blockset) is active
    /// @dev Can only be called by admin
    /// @param _mode New access mode (NONE, ALLOWSET, or BLOCKSET)
    function setAccessMode(AccessMode _mode) external {
        _revertIfNotAdmin();
        require(sharedState.stakerAccessMode != _mode, NoOperation());
        emit AccessModeSet(_mode);
        sharedState.stakerAccessMode = _mode;
    }

    /// @notice Sets the allowset for allocation mechanisms
    /// @dev SECURITY: Only add thoroughly audited allocation mechanisms to this allowset.
    ///      Users will contribute rewards to approved mechanisms and funds cannot be recovered
    ///      if sent to malicious or buggy implementations.
    /// @dev EVALUATION PROCESS: New mechanisms should undergo comprehensive security audit,
    ///      integration testing, and governance review before approval.
    /// @dev OPERATIONAL IMPACT: Changes affect all future contributions. Existing contributions
    ///      to previously approved mechanisms are not affected.
    /// @dev Can only be called by admin. Cannot set to address(0).
    /// @dev AUDIT NOTE: Changes require governance approval.
    /// @param _allocationMechanismAllowset New allowset contract (cannot be address(0))
    function setAllocationMechanismAllowset(IAddressSet _allocationMechanismAllowset) external {
        require(sharedState.allocationMechanismAllowset != _allocationMechanismAllowset, NoOperation());
        require(address(_allocationMechanismAllowset) != address(0), DisablingAllocationMechanismAllowsetNotAllowed());
        // Prevent footgun: allocation mechanism allowset must be distinct from staker address sets
        require(
            address(_allocationMechanismAllowset) != address(sharedState.stakerAllowset) &&
                address(_allocationMechanismAllowset) != address(sharedState.stakerBlockset),
            Staker__InvalidAddress()
        );
        _revertIfNotAdmin();
        emit AllocationMechanismAllowsetAssigned(_allocationMechanismAllowset);
        sharedState.allocationMechanismAllowset = _allocationMechanismAllowset;
    }

    /// @notice Sets the minimum stake amount
    /// @dev GRANDFATHERING: Existing deposits below new minimum remain valid but will be
    ///      restricted from partial withdrawals and stakeMore operations until brought above threshold.
    /// @dev TIMING RESTRICTION: Cannot raise minimum during active reward period for user protection.
    /// @dev OPERATIONAL IMPACT: Affects all new stakes immediately. Consider user communication before changes.
    /// @dev Can only be called by admin
    /// @param _minimumStakeAmount New minimum stake amount in wei (0 = no minimum)
    function setMinimumStakeAmount(uint128 _minimumStakeAmount) external {
        _revertIfNotAdmin();
        require(
            _minimumStakeAmount <= sharedState.minimumStakeAmount || block.timestamp > rewardEndTime,
            CannotRaiseMinimumStakeAmountDuringActiveReward()
        );
        emit MinimumStakeAmountSet(_minimumStakeAmount);
        sharedState.minimumStakeAmount = _minimumStakeAmount;
    }

    /// @notice Sets the maximum bump tip with governance protection
    /// @dev TIMING RESTRICTION: During active reward period only decreases are allowed; increases must wait until after rewardEndTime.
    /// @dev SECURITY: Prevents malicious admin from extracting unclaimed rewards via tip manipulation.
    /// @dev GOVERNANCE PROTECTION: Aligns with setMinimumStakeAmount protection for consistency.
    /// @dev Can only be called by admin and not during active reward period
    /// @param _newMaxBumpTip New maximum bump tip value in wei
    function setMaxBumpTip(uint256 _newMaxBumpTip) external virtual override {
        _revertIfNotAdmin();
        // Allow decreases anytime; increases only after reward period ends
        require(
            _newMaxBumpTip <= maxBumpTip || block.timestamp > rewardEndTime,
            CannotRaiseMaxBumpTipDuringActiveReward()
        );
        _setMaxBumpTip(_newMaxBumpTip);
    }

    /// @notice Pauses the contract, disabling user operations except withdrawals and view functions
    /// @dev EMERGENCY USE: Intended for security incidents or critical maintenance.
    /// @dev SCOPE: Affects stake, claim, contribute, and compound operations.
    /// @dev USER PROTECTION: Withdrawals remain enabled to preserve user access to their funds.
    /// @dev ADMIN ONLY: Only admin can pause. Use emergency procedures for urgent situations.
    function pause() external whenNotPaused {
        _revertIfNotAdmin();
        _pause();
    }

    /// @notice Unpauses the contract, re-enabling all user operations
    /// @dev RECOVERY: Use after resolving issues that required pause.
    /// @dev ADMIN ONLY: Only admin can unpause. Ensure all issues resolved before unpause.
    function unpause() external whenPaused {
        _revertIfNotAdmin();
        _unpause();
    }

    // === Public Functions ===
    /// @notice Contributes unclaimed rewards to a user-specified allocation mechanism
    /// @dev CONTRIBUTION RISK: Contributed funds are transferred to external allocation mechanisms
    ///      for public good causes. Malicious mechanisms may misappropriate funds for unintended
    ///      purposes rather than the stated public good cause.
    /// @dev TRUST MODEL: Allocation mechanisms must be approved by protocol governance.
    ///      Only contribute to mechanisms you trust, as the protocol cannot recover funds
    ///      sent to malicious or buggy allocation mechanisms.
    /// @dev VOTING POWER ASSIGNMENT: The contributor (msg.sender) receives voting power in the
    ///      allocation mechanism, NOT necessarily the deposit owner. When a claimer contributes
    ///      owner's rewards, the CLAIMER receives the voting power. This is intended behavior
    ///      as part of the claimer trust model.
    /// @dev SECURITY: This function first withdraws rewards to the contributor, then the contributor
    ///      must have pre-approved the allocation mechanism to pull the tokens.
    /// @dev SECURITY AUDIT: Ensure allocation mechanisms are immutable after approval.
    /// @dev AUTHZ: Authorized caller is the deposit owner or the designated claimer; the claimer acts
    ///      as the owner's agent for rewards. Contribution access control enforced by mechanism.
    /// @dev Requires contract not paused and uses reentrancy guard
    /// @param _depositId Deposit identifier to contribute from
    /// @param _allocationMechanismAddress Approved allocation mechanism to receive contribution
    /// @param _amount Amount of unclaimed rewards to contribute (must be <= available rewards)
    /// @param _deadline Signature expiration timestamp
    /// @param _v Signature component v
    /// @param _r Signature component r
    /// @param _s Signature component s
    /// @return amountContributedToAllocationMechanism Actual amount contributed
    function contribute(
        DepositIdentifier _depositId,
        address _allocationMechanismAddress,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint256 _deadline,
        uint8 _v,
        bytes32 _r,
        bytes32 _s
    ) public virtual whenNotPaused nonReentrant returns (uint256 amountContributedToAllocationMechanism) {
        _revertIfAddressZero(_allocationMechanismAddress);
        require(
            sharedState.allocationMechanismAllowset.contains(_allocationMechanismAddress),
            NotInAllowset(_allocationMechanismAddress)
        );

        // Validate asset compatibility to fail fast and provide clear error
        {
            address expectedAsset = address(TokenizedAllocationMechanism(_allocationMechanismAddress).asset());
            if (address(REWARD_TOKEN) != expectedAsset) {
                revert AssetMismatch(address(REWARD_TOKEN), expectedAsset);
            }
        }

        Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];
        if (deposit.claimer != msg.sender && deposit.owner != msg.sender) {
            revert Staker__Unauthorized("not claimer or owner", msg.sender);
        }

        // Defense-in-depth dual-check architecture (Cantina Finding #127 fix):
        // 1. TAM checks msg.sender (claimer/contributor) via beforeSignupHook - receives voting power
        // 2. RegenStaker checks deposit.owner (fund source) must also be eligible (defense-in-depth)
        // This prevents delisted owners from using allowlisted claimers as proxies
        //
        // IMPORTANT: Voting power goes to msg.sender (claimer), NOT deposit.owner
        // Per documented permission model (see lines 56-64), the contributor (msg.sender) receives
        // voting power, preserving claimer autonomy. The owner check here is an additional security
        // layer to ensure fund sources are also eligible, closing the bypass vector identified in
        // Cantina Finding #127 where delisted owners could use allowlisted claimers as proxies.

        // Explicit fund source check: Verify deposit owner is also eligible for this mechanism
        // Assumes mechanism implements canSignup() (OctantQFMechanism interface)
        bool ownerCanSignup = OctantQFMechanism(payable(_allocationMechanismAddress)).canSignup(deposit.owner);
        if (!ownerCanSignup) {
            revert DepositOwnerNotEligibleForMechanism(_allocationMechanismAddress, deposit.owner);
        }

        _checkpointGlobalReward();
        _checkpointReward(deposit);

        uint256 unclaimedAmount = deposit.scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint / SCALE_FACTOR;
        require(_amount <= unclaimedAmount, CantAfford(_amount, unclaimedAmount));

        // Special case: Allow zero-amount contributions to enable users to register for voting
        // without contributing funds. This is useful for participation-only scenarios where
        // users want to signal support without financial commitment.
        if (_amount == 0) {
            emit RewardContributed(_depositId, msg.sender, _allocationMechanismAddress, 0);
            TokenizedAllocationMechanism(_allocationMechanismAddress).signupOnBehalfWithSignature(
                msg.sender, // Claimer/contributor receives voting power and provides signature
                0,
                _deadline,
                _v,
                _r,
                _s
            );
            return 0;
        }

        amountContributedToAllocationMechanism = _amount;
        _consumeRewards(deposit, _amount);

        // Defensive earning power update - maintaining consistency with base Staker pattern
        uint256 _oldEarningPower = deposit.earningPower;
        uint256 _newEarningPower = earningPowerCalculator.getEarningPower(
            deposit.balance,
            deposit.owner,
            deposit.delegatee
        );

        // Update earning power totals before modifying deposit state
        totalEarningPower = _calculateTotalEarningPower(_oldEarningPower, _newEarningPower, totalEarningPower);
        depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner] = _calculateTotalEarningPower(
            _oldEarningPower,
            _newEarningPower,
            depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner]
        );
        deposit.earningPower = _newEarningPower.toUint96();

        emit RewardClaimed(_depositId, msg.sender, amountContributedToAllocationMechanism, _newEarningPower);

        // approve the allocation mechanism to spend the rewards
        SafeERC20.safeIncreaseAllowance(
            REWARD_TOKEN,
            _allocationMechanismAddress,
            amountContributedToAllocationMechanism
        );

        emit RewardContributed(
            _depositId,
            msg.sender,
            _allocationMechanismAddress,
            amountContributedToAllocationMechanism
        );

        TokenizedAllocationMechanism(_allocationMechanismAddress).signupOnBehalfWithSignature(
            msg.sender, // Claimer/contributor receives voting power and provides signature
            amountContributedToAllocationMechanism,
            _deadline,
            _v,
            _r,
            _s
        );

        // check that allowance is zero
        require(REWARD_TOKEN.allowance(address(this), _allocationMechanismAddress) == 0, "allowance not zero");

        return amountContributedToAllocationMechanism;
    }

    /// @notice Compounds rewards by claiming them and immediately restaking them into the same deposit
    /// @dev REQUIREMENT: Only works when REWARD_TOKEN == STAKE_TOKEN, otherwise reverts.
    /// @dev EARNING POWER: Compounding updates earning power based on new total balance.
    /// @dev GAS OPTIMIZATION: More efficient than separate claim + stake operations.
    /// @dev CLAIMER PERMISSIONS: This function grants claimers the ability to increase deposit stakes
    ///      through compounding. This is INTENDED BEHAVIOR - when an owner designates a claimer, they
    ///      explicitly trust them with both reward claiming AND limited staking operations (compounding).
    ///      Claimers cannot withdraw funds or alter deposit parameters, maintaining security boundaries.
    /// @dev STAKER ACCESS: The deposit OWNER (not the caller/claimer) must pass stakerAccessMode checks.
    ///      If ALLOWSET mode active, owner must be in allowset. If BLOCKSET mode active, owner must not
    ///      be in blockset. Claimer's access status is not checked.
    /// @dev Requires contract not paused and uses reentrancy guard
    /// @param _depositId Deposit to compound rewards for
    /// @return compoundedAmount Amount of rewards compounded (returns 0 if no unclaimed rewards available)
    function compoundRewards(
        DepositIdentifier _depositId
    ) external virtual whenNotPaused nonReentrant returns (uint256 compoundedAmount) {
        if (address(REWARD_TOKEN) != address(STAKE_TOKEN)) {
            revert CompoundingNotSupported();
        }

        Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];
        address depositOwner = deposit.owner;

        if (deposit.claimer != msg.sender && depositOwner != msg.sender) {
            revert Staker__Unauthorized("not claimer or owner", msg.sender);
        }

        _checkStakerAccess(depositOwner);

        _checkpointGlobalReward();
        _checkpointReward(deposit);

        uint256 unclaimedAmount = deposit.scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint / SCALE_FACTOR;
        if (unclaimedAmount == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        compoundedAmount = unclaimedAmount;

        uint256 tempEarningPower = earningPowerCalculator.getEarningPower(
            deposit.balance,
            deposit.owner,
            deposit.delegatee
        );

        uint256 newBalance = deposit.balance + compoundedAmount;
        uint256 oldEarningPower = deposit.earningPower; // Save old earning power for event
        uint256 newEarningPower = earningPowerCalculator.getEarningPower(newBalance, deposit.owner, deposit.delegatee);

        totalEarningPower = _calculateTotalEarningPower(oldEarningPower, newEarningPower, totalEarningPower);
        depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner] = _calculateTotalEarningPower(
            oldEarningPower,
            newEarningPower,
            depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner]
        );

        totalStaked += compoundedAmount;
        depositorTotalStaked[depositOwner] += compoundedAmount;

        _consumeRewards(deposit, unclaimedAmount);

        deposit.balance = newBalance.toUint96();
        deposit.earningPower = newEarningPower.toUint96();

        // Transfer compounded rewards using the same pattern as _stakeMore for consistency
        // The surrogate must already exist since the deposit exists (created during initial stake)
        // This ensures child contracts can customize behavior through _stakeTokenSafeTransferFrom
        DelegationSurrogate _surrogate = surrogates(deposit.delegatee);
        if (address(_surrogate) == address(0)) {
            revert SurrogateNotFound(deposit.delegatee);
        }
        _stakeTokenSafeTransferFrom(address(this), address(_surrogate), compoundedAmount);

        emit RewardClaimed(_depositId, msg.sender, compoundedAmount, tempEarningPower);
        emit StakeDeposited(depositOwner, _depositId, compoundedAmount, newBalance, newEarningPower);

        _revertIfMinimumStakeAmountNotMet(_depositId);

        return compoundedAmount;
    }

    /// @notice Internal helper to check minimum stake amount
    /// @dev Reverts if balance is below minimum and not zero
    ///      Exception: Zero balance is allowed (permits full withdrawal to 0)
    /// @param _depositId Deposit to check eligibility for
    function _revertIfMinimumStakeAmountNotMet(DepositIdentifier _depositId) internal view {
        Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];
        if (deposit.balance < sharedState.minimumStakeAmount && deposit.balance > 0) {
            revert MinimumStakeAmountNotMet(sharedState.minimumStakeAmount, deposit.balance);
        }
    }

    function _checkStakerAccess(address user) internal view {
        if (sharedState.stakerAccessMode == AccessMode.ALLOWSET) {
            if (!sharedState.stakerAllowset.contains(user)) {
                revert StakerNotAllowed(user);
            }
        } else if (sharedState.stakerAccessMode == AccessMode.BLOCKSET) {
            if (sharedState.stakerBlockset.contains(user)) {
                revert StakerBlocked(user);
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Atomically updates deposit checkpoint and totalClaimedRewards
    /// @dev Ensures consistent state updates when rewards are consumed
    /// @param _deposit Deposit storage reference to update
    /// @param _amount Amount of rewards being claimed
    function _consumeRewards(Deposit storage _deposit, uint256 _amount) internal {
        if (_amount > 0) {
            uint256 scaledAmount = _amount * SCALE_FACTOR;
            _deposit.scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint = _deposit.scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint - scaledAmount;
            totalClaimedRewards = totalClaimedRewards + _amount;
        }
    }

    /// @notice Pauses reward streaming during idle windows (when `totalEarningPower == 0`) by
    ///         extending `rewardEndTime` by the idle duration; no rewards accrue while idle.
    /// @dev When earning power is non-zero, accrues `rewardPerTokenAccumulatedCheckpoint` as usual.
    function _checkpointGlobalReward() internal virtual override {
        uint256 lastDistributed = lastTimeRewardDistributed();
        uint256 elapsed = lastDistributed - lastCheckpointTime;

        if (elapsed > 0 && scaledRewardRate != 0) {
            if (totalEarningPower == 0) {
                rewardEndTime += elapsed;
            } else {
                rewardPerTokenAccumulatedCheckpoint += (scaledRewardRate * elapsed) / totalEarningPower;
            }
        }

        lastCheckpointTime = lastDistributed;
    }

    // === Overridden Functions ===

    /// @inheritdoc Staker
    /// @dev Overrides to block changes during active reward periods
    function setEarningPowerCalculator(address _newEarningPowerCalculator) external virtual override {
        _revertIfNotAdmin();
        require(block.timestamp > rewardEndTime, CannotChangeEarningPowerCalculatorDuringActiveReward());
        _setEarningPowerCalculator(_newEarningPowerCalculator);
    }

    /// @notice Prevents staking 0, staking below the minimum, staking when paused, and unauthorized staking.
    /// @dev Uses reentrancy guard
    /// @param _depositor Address making the deposit
    /// @param _amount Amount to stake
    /// @param _delegatee Address to receive voting power delegation
    /// @param _claimer Address authorized to claim rewards
    /// @return _depositId Deposit identifier for the created deposit
    function _stake(
        address _depositor,
        uint256 _amount,
        address _delegatee,
        address _claimer
    ) internal virtual override whenNotPaused nonReentrant returns (DepositIdentifier _depositId) {
        require(_amount > 0, ZeroOperation());
        _checkStakerAccess(_depositor);
        _depositId = super._stake(_depositor, _amount, _delegatee, _claimer);
        _revertIfMinimumStakeAmountNotMet(_depositId);
    }

    /// @notice Prevents withdrawing 0; prevents withdrawals that drop balance below minimum.
    /// @dev USER PROTECTION: Withdrawals remain enabled even when contract is paused to ensure
    ///      users can always access their principal funds.
    /// @dev Uses reentrancy guard
    /// @param deposit Deposit storage reference
    /// @param _depositId Deposit identifier
    /// @param _amount Amount to withdraw
    function _withdraw(
        Deposit storage deposit,
        DepositIdentifier _depositId,
        uint256 _amount
    ) internal virtual override nonReentrant {
        require(_amount > 0, ZeroOperation());
        super._withdraw(deposit, _depositId, _amount);
        _revertIfMinimumStakeAmountNotMet(_depositId);
    }

    /// @notice Overrides to add reentrancy protection.
    /// @dev Uses reentrancy guard
    /// @param deposit Deposit storage reference
    /// @param _depositId Deposit identifier
    /// @param _newDelegatee Address to receive voting power delegation
    function _alterDelegatee(
        Deposit storage deposit,
        DepositIdentifier _depositId,
        address _newDelegatee
    ) internal virtual override whenNotPaused nonReentrant {
        super._alterDelegatee(deposit, _depositId, _newDelegatee);
    }

    /// @notice Overrides to add reentrancy protection.
    /// @dev Uses reentrancy guard
    /// @param deposit Deposit storage reference
    /// @param _depositId Deposit identifier
    /// @param _newClaimer Address authorized to claim rewards
    function _alterClaimer(
        Deposit storage deposit,
        DepositIdentifier _depositId,
        address _newClaimer
    ) internal virtual override whenNotPaused nonReentrant {
        super._alterClaimer(deposit, _depositId, _newClaimer);
    }

    /// @notice Overrides to add pause protection and track totalClaimedRewards for balance validation
    /// @dev Reuses base Staker logic (with fee=0) and adds totalClaimedRewards tracking
    /// @dev nonReentrant protects against reentrancy despite updating totalClaimedRewards after transfer
    /// @param _depositId Deposit identifier
    /// @param deposit Deposit storage reference
    /// @param _claimer Address authorized to claim rewards
    /// @return Claimed amount in reward token base units
    function _claimReward(
        DepositIdentifier _depositId,
        Deposit storage deposit,
        address _claimer
    ) internal virtual override whenNotPaused nonReentrant returns (uint256) {
        uint256 _claimedAmount = super._claimReward(_depositId, deposit, _claimer);
        totalClaimedRewards += _claimedAmount;
        return _claimedAmount;
    }

    /// @notice Override notifyRewardAmount to use custom reward duration
    /// @dev nonReentrant as a belts-and-braces guard against exotic ERC20 callback reentry
    /// @param _amount Reward amount in reward token base units
    function notifyRewardAmount(uint256 _amount) external virtual override nonReentrant {
        uint256 requiredBalance = _validateAndGetRequiredBalance(_amount);
        _notifyRewardAmountWithCustomDuration(_amount, requiredBalance);
    }

    /// @notice Validates sufficient reward token balance and returns the required balance
    /// @dev Virtual function allowing variants to implement appropriate balance checks
    /// @param _amount Reward amount in reward token base units being added
    /// @return required Required balance for this variant in reward token base units
    function _validateAndGetRequiredBalance(uint256 _amount) internal view virtual returns (uint256 required) {
        uint256 currentBalance = REWARD_TOKEN.balanceOf(address(this));

        // For variants with surrogates: stakes are NOT in main contract
        // Only track rewards obligations: outstanding rewards + new amount
        uint256 carryOverAmount = totalRewards - totalClaimedRewards;
        required = carryOverAmount + _amount;

        if (currentBalance < required) {
            revert InsufficientRewardBalance(currentBalance, required);
        }

        return required;
    }

    /// @notice Prevents staking more when paused or by unauthorized owners; ensures non-zero amount and final balance meets minimum.
    /// @dev Uses reentrancy guard; validates deposit.owner against staker access control before proceeding
    /// @param deposit Deposit storage reference
    /// @param _depositId Deposit identifier
    /// @param _amount Additional stake amount in stake token base units
    function _stakeMore(
        Deposit storage deposit,
        DepositIdentifier _depositId,
        uint256 _amount
    ) internal virtual override whenNotPaused nonReentrant {
        require(_amount > 0, ZeroOperation());
        _checkStakerAccess(deposit.owner);
        super._stakeMore(deposit, _depositId, _amount);
        _revertIfMinimumStakeAmountNotMet(_depositId);
    }

    /// @notice Override to add nonReentrant modifier and fix checks-effects-interactions pattern
    /// @dev Adds reentrancy protection and corrects state update ordering
    /// @dev Updates state BEFORE external transfer to prevent reentrancy vulnerabilities
    /// @param _depositId Deposit identifier to bump earning power for
    /// @param _tipReceiver Address receiving tip for updating earning power
    /// @param _requestedTip Tip amount requested in reward token base units
    function bumpEarningPower(
        DepositIdentifier _depositId,
        address _tipReceiver,
        uint256 _requestedTip
    ) public virtual override whenNotPaused nonReentrant {
        if (_requestedTip > maxBumpTip) revert Staker__InvalidTip();

        Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];

        _checkpointGlobalReward();
        _checkpointReward(deposit);

        uint256 _unclaimedRewards = deposit.scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint / SCALE_FACTOR;

        (uint256 _newEarningPower, bool _isQualifiedForBump) = earningPowerCalculator.getNewEarningPower(
            deposit.balance,
            deposit.owner,
            deposit.delegatee,
            deposit.earningPower
        );
        if (!_isQualifiedForBump || _newEarningPower == deposit.earningPower) {
            revert Staker__Unqualified(_newEarningPower);
        }

        if (_newEarningPower > deposit.earningPower && _unclaimedRewards < _requestedTip) {
            revert Staker__InsufficientUnclaimedRewards();
        }

        uint256 tipToPay = _requestedTip;
        if (_requestedTip > _unclaimedRewards) {
            tipToPay = _unclaimedRewards;
        }

        emit EarningPowerBumped(_depositId, deposit.earningPower, _newEarningPower, msg.sender, _tipReceiver, tipToPay);

        // Update global earning power & deposit earning power based on this bump
        totalEarningPower = _calculateTotalEarningPower(deposit.earningPower, _newEarningPower, totalEarningPower);
        depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner] = _calculateTotalEarningPower(
            deposit.earningPower,
            _newEarningPower,
            depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner]
        );
        deposit.earningPower = _newEarningPower.toUint96();

        // CRITICAL: Update state BEFORE external call (checks-effects-interactions pattern)
        // This prevents reentrancy attacks via malicious reward tokens with callbacks
        _consumeRewards(deposit, tipToPay);

        // External call AFTER all state updates. Some ERC20 tokens revert on zero-value transfers,
        // so skip the call entirely when no tip is due. This also prevents unnecessary gas consumption for zero-value transfers.
        if (tipToPay > 0) {
            SafeERC20.safeTransfer(REWARD_TOKEN, _tipReceiver, tipToPay);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
pragma solidity ^0.8.25;

// Global constants and enums used across Octant contracts

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SENTINEL VALUES
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

// Sentinel value representing native ETH (address(0) for ETH instead of ERC20)
address constant NATIVE_TOKEN = address(0);

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// EVM / PROTOCOL CONSTANTS
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

// EIP-7825 per-transaction gas limit (2^24 = 16,777,216)
// Used for gas profiling DAO proposals to ensure they fit within limits
uint256 constant EIP_7825_TX_GAS_LIMIT = 16_777_216;

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// MAINNET TOKEN ADDRESSES
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

// USDC token address on Ethereum mainnet
address constant USDC_MAINNET = 0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48;

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// OCTANT DEPLOYED CONTRACTS (MAINNET)
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

// Morpho Compounder Strategy Factory on Ethereum mainnet (V1 - no symbol param)
address constant MORPHO_STRATEGY_FACTORY_MAINNET = 0x052d20B0e0b141988bD32772C735085e45F357c1;

// Morpho Compounder Strategy Factory V2 on Ethereum mainnet (with symbol param)
// Deployed 2025-01-22: https://etherscan.io/tx/0x21da599d0259e3d4caf6f0510598630a66a290099afb105a43b0c2a4d96e7c08
address constant MORPHO_STRATEGY_FACTORY_V2_MAINNET = 0xd8Df22cB3c3876487961aC2500889664632674d7;

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// EXTERNAL PROTOCOL ADDRESSES (MAINNET)
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

// Yearn TokenizedStrategy singleton on Ethereum mainnet (yield-donating variant, V1 - no symbol param)
address constant YIELD_DONATING_TOKENIZED_STRATEGY_MAINNET = 0xb27064A2C51b8C5b39A5Bb911AD34DB039C3aB9c;

// YieldDonatingTokenizedStrategy V2 on Ethereum mainnet (with symbol param)
// Deployed 2025-01-22: https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa8b239d1302d650cd0dc2c3b0a2b9f1bdbb85d24e01d666f7b55c6cef76a87c4
address constant YIELD_DONATING_TOKENIZED_STRATEGY_V2_MAINNET = 0xea648c313b497fECfBC629e73cB61Db34181F067;

// Gnosis Safe MultiSendCallOnly canonical deployment on Ethereum mainnet
// Used for batching multiple transactions in a single Safe execution
address constant SAFE_MULTISEND_MAINNET = 0x40A2aCCbd92BCA938b02010E17A5b8929b49130D;

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// ENUMS
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

/**
 * @notice Access control modes for address set validation
 * @dev Used by LinearAllowanceExecutor and RegenStaker
 */
enum AccessMode {
    NONE, // No access control (permissionless)
    ALLOWSET, // Only addresses in allowset are permitted
    BLOCKSET // All addresses except those in blockset are permitted
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";
import {IERC1363} from "../../../interfaces/IERC1363.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC-20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev An operation with an ERC-20 token failed.
     */
    error SafeERC20FailedOperation(address token);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failed `decreaseAllowance` request.
     */
    error SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 currentAllowance, uint256 requestedDecrease);

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transfer, (to, value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
     * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transferFrom, (from, to, value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {safeTransfer} that returns a bool instead of reverting if the operation is not successful.
     */
    function trySafeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _callOptionalReturnBool(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transfer, (to, value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {safeTransferFrom} that returns a bool instead of reverting if the operation is not successful.
     */
    function trySafeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _callOptionalReturnBool(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transferFrom, (from, to, value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: If the token implements ERC-7674 (ERC-20 with temporary allowance), and if the "client"
     * smart contract uses ERC-7674 to set temporary allowances, then the "client" smart contract should avoid using
     * this function. Performing a {safeIncreaseAllowance} or {safeDecreaseAllowance} operation on a token contract
     * that has a non-zero temporary allowance (for that particular owner-spender) will result in unexpected behavior.
     */
    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
        forceApprove(token, spender, oldAllowance + value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `requestedDecrease`. If `token` returns no
     * value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: If the token implements ERC-7674 (ERC-20 with temporary allowance), and if the "client"
     * smart contract uses ERC-7674 to set temporary allowances, then the "client" smart contract should avoid using
     * this function. Performing a {safeIncreaseAllowance} or {safeDecreaseAllowance} operation on a token contract
     * that has a non-zero temporary allowance (for that particular owner-spender) will result in unexpected behavior.
     */
    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 requestedDecrease) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 currentAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            if (currentAllowance < requestedDecrease) {
                revert SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, requestedDecrease);
            }
            forceApprove(token, spender, currentAllowance - requestedDecrease);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
     * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
     *
     * NOTE: If the token implements ERC-7674, this function will not modify any temporary allowance. This function
     * only sets the "standard" allowance. Any temporary allowance will remain active, in addition to the value being
     * set here.
     */
    function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, value));

        if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, 0)));
            _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs an {ERC1363} transferAndCall, with a fallback to the simple {ERC20} transfer if the target has no
     * code. This can be used to implement an {ERC721}-like safe transfer that rely on {ERC1363} checks when
     * targeting contracts.
     *
     * Reverts if the returned value is other than `true`.
     */
    function transferAndCallRelaxed(IERC1363 token, address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data) internal {
        if (to.code.length == 0) {
            safeTransfer(token, to, value);
        } else if (!token.transferAndCall(to, value, data)) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs an {ERC1363} transferFromAndCall, with a fallback to the simple {ERC20} transferFrom if the target
     * has no code. This can be used to implement an {ERC721}-like safe transfer that rely on {ERC1363} checks when
     * targeting contracts.
     *
     * Reverts if the returned value is other than `true`.
     */
    function transferFromAndCallRelaxed(
        IERC1363 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal {
        if (to.code.length == 0) {
            safeTransferFrom(token, from, to, value);
        } else if (!token.transferFromAndCall(from, to, value, data)) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs an {ERC1363} approveAndCall, with a fallback to the simple {ERC20} approve if the target has no
     * code. This can be used to implement an {ERC721}-like safe transfer that rely on {ERC1363} checks when
     * targeting contracts.
     *
     * NOTE: When the recipient address (`to`) has no code (i.e. is an EOA), this function behaves as {forceApprove}.
     * Opposedly, when the recipient address (`to`) has code, this function only attempts to call {ERC1363-approveAndCall}
     * once without retrying, and relies on the returned value to be true.
     *
     * Reverts if the returned value is other than `true`.
     */
    function approveAndCallRelaxed(IERC1363 token, address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data) internal {
        if (to.code.length == 0) {
            forceApprove(token, to, value);
        } else if (!token.approveAndCall(to, value, data)) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturnBool} that reverts if call fails to meet the requirements.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        uint256 returnSize;
        uint256 returnValue;
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            let success := call(gas(), token, 0, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0x20)
            // bubble errors
            if iszero(success) {
                let ptr := mload(0x40)
                returndatacopy(ptr, 0, returndatasize())
                revert(ptr, returndatasize())
            }
            returnSize := returndatasize()
            returnValue := mload(0)
        }

        if (returnSize == 0 ? address(token).code.length == 0 : returnValue != 1) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silently catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
        bool success;
        uint256 returnSize;
        uint256 returnValue;
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            success := call(gas(), token, 0, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0x20)
            returnSize := returndatasize()
            returnValue := mload(0)
        }
        return success && (returnSize == 0 ? address(token).code.length > 0 : returnValue == 1);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {MessageHashUtils} from "./MessageHashUtils.sol";
import {ShortStrings, ShortString} from "../ShortStrings.sol";
import {IERC5267} from "../../interfaces/IERC5267.sol";

/**
 * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP-712] is a standard for hashing and signing of typed structured data.
 *
 * The encoding scheme specified in the EIP requires a domain separator and a hash of the typed structured data, whose
 * encoding is very generic and therefore its implementation in Solidity is not feasible, thus this contract
 * does not implement the encoding itself. Protocols need to implement the type-specific encoding they need in order to
 * produce the hash of their typed data using a combination of `abi.encode` and `keccak256`.
 *
 * This contract implements the EIP-712 domain separator ({_domainSeparatorV4}) that is used as part of the encoding
 * scheme, and the final step of the encoding to obtain the message digest that is then signed via ECDSA
 * ({_hashTypedDataV4}).
 *
 * The implementation of the domain separator was designed to be as efficient as possible while still properly updating
 * the chain id to protect against replay attacks on an eventual fork of the chain.
 *
 * NOTE: This contract implements the version of the encoding known as "v4", as implemented by the JSON RPC method
 * https://docs.metamask.io/guide/signing-data.html[`eth_signTypedDataV4` in MetaMask].
 *
 * NOTE: In the upgradeable version of this contract, the cached values will correspond to the address, and the domain
 * separator of the implementation contract. This will cause the {_domainSeparatorV4} function to always rebuild the
 * separator from the immutable values, which is cheaper than accessing a cached version in cold storage.
 *
 * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable
 */
abstract contract EIP712 is IERC5267 {
    using ShortStrings for *;

    bytes32 private constant TYPE_HASH =
        keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)");

    // Cache the domain separator as an immutable value, but also store the chain id that it corresponds to, in order to
    // invalidate the cached domain separator if the chain id changes.
    bytes32 private immutable _cachedDomainSeparator;
    uint256 private immutable _cachedChainId;
    address private immutable _cachedThis;

    bytes32 private immutable _hashedName;
    bytes32 private immutable _hashedVersion;

    ShortString private immutable _name;
    ShortString private immutable _version;
    // slither-disable-next-line constable-states
    string private _nameFallback;
    // slither-disable-next-line constable-states
    string private _versionFallback;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the domain separator and parameter caches.
     *
     * The meaning of `name` and `version` is specified in
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-domainseparator[EIP-712]:
     *
     * - `name`: the user readable name of the signing domain, i.e. the name of the DApp or the protocol.
     * - `version`: the current major version of the signing domain.
     *
     * NOTE: These parameters cannot be changed except through a xref:learn::upgrading-smart-contracts.adoc[smart
     * contract upgrade].
     */
    constructor(string memory name, string memory version) {
        _name = name.toShortStringWithFallback(_nameFallback);
        _version = version.toShortStringWithFallback(_versionFallback);
        _hashedName = keccak256(bytes(name));
        _hashedVersion = keccak256(bytes(version));

        _cachedChainId = block.chainid;
        _cachedDomainSeparator = _buildDomainSeparator();
        _cachedThis = address(this);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator for the current chain.
     */
    function _domainSeparatorV4() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        if (address(this) == _cachedThis && block.chainid == _cachedChainId) {
            return _cachedDomainSeparator;
        } else {
            return _buildDomainSeparator();
        }
    }

    function _buildDomainSeparator() private view returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encode(TYPE_HASH, _hashedName, _hashedVersion, block.chainid, address(this)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Given an already https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-hashstruct[hashed struct], this
     * function returns the hash of the fully encoded EIP712 message for this domain.
     *
     * This hash can be used together with {ECDSA-recover} to obtain the signer of a message. For example:
     *
     * ```solidity
     * bytes32 digest = _hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(
     *     keccak256("Mail(address to,string contents)"),
     *     mailTo,
     *     keccak256(bytes(mailContents))
     * )));
     * address signer = ECDSA.recover(digest, signature);
     * ```
     */
    function _hashTypedDataV4(bytes32 structHash) internal view virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return MessageHashUtils.toTypedDataHash(_domainSeparatorV4(), structHash);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IERC5267
     */
    function eip712Domain()
        public
        view
        virtual
        returns (
            bytes1 fields,
            string memory name,
            string memory version,
            uint256 chainId,
            address verifyingContract,
            bytes32 salt,
            uint256[] memory extensions
        )
    {
        return (
            hex"0f", // 01111
            _EIP712Name(),
            _EIP712Version(),
            block.chainid,
            address(this),
            bytes32(0),
            new uint256[](0)
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev The name parameter for the EIP712 domain.
     *
     * NOTE: By default this function reads _name which is an immutable value.
     * It only reads from storage if necessary (in case the value is too large to fit in a ShortString).
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function _EIP712Name() internal view returns (string memory) {
        return _name.toStringWithFallback(_nameFallback);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The version parameter for the EIP712 domain.
     *
     * NOTE: By default this function reads _version which is an immutable value.
     * It only reads from storage if necessary (in case the value is too large to fit in a ShortString).
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function _EIP712Version() internal view returns (string memory) {
        return _version.toStringWithFallback(_versionFallback);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (utils/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Context} from "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract Pausable is Context {
    bool private _paused;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev The operation failed because the contract is paused.
     */
    error EnforcedPause();

    /**
     * @dev The operation failed because the contract is not paused.
     */
    error ExpectedPause();

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        _requireNotPaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        _requirePaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
     */
    function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
        if (paused()) {
            revert EnforcedPause();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
     */
    function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
        if (!paused()) {
            revert ExpectedPause();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If EIP-1153 (transient storage) is available on the chain you're deploying at,
 * consider using {ReentrancyGuardTransient} instead.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    /**
     * @dev Unauthorized reentrant call.
     */
    error ReentrancyGuardReentrantCall();

    constructor() {
        _status = NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _nonReentrantBefore();
        _;
        _nonReentrantAfter();
    }

    function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be NOT_ENTERED
        if (_status == ENTERED) {
            revert ReentrancyGuardReentrantCall();
        }

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = ENTERED;
    }

    function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the reentrancy guard is currently set to "entered", which indicates there is a
     * `nonReentrant` function in the call stack.
     */
    function _reentrancyGuardEntered() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _status == ENTERED;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC-20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[ERC-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC-20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 *
 * ==== Security Considerations
 *
 * There are two important considerations concerning the use of `permit`. The first is that a valid permit signature
 * expresses an allowance, and it should not be assumed to convey additional meaning. In particular, it should not be
 * considered as an intention to spend the allowance in any specific way. The second is that because permits have
 * built-in replay protection and can be submitted by anyone, they can be frontrun. A protocol that uses permits should
 * take this into consideration and allow a `permit` call to fail. Combining these two aspects, a pattern that may be
 * generally recommended is:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function doThingWithPermit(..., uint256 value, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public {
 *     try token.permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s) {} catch {}
 *     doThing(..., value);
 * }
 *
 * function doThing(..., uint256 value) public {
 *     token.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), value);
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Observe that: 1) `msg.sender` is used as the owner, leaving no ambiguity as to the signer intent, and 2) the use of
 * `try/catch` allows the permit to fail and makes the code tolerant to frontrunning. (See also
 * {SafeERC20-safeTransferFrom}).
 *
 * Additionally, note that smart contract wallets (such as Argent or Safe) are not able to produce permit signatures, so
 * contracts should have entry points that don't rely on permit.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     *
     * CAUTION: See Security Considerations above.
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
pragma solidity ^0.8.23;

import {DelegationSurrogate} from "./DelegationSurrogate.sol";
import {INotifiableRewardReceiver} from "./interfaces/INotifiableRewardReceiver.sol";
import {IEarningPowerCalculator} from "./interfaces/IEarningPowerCalculator.sol";
import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import {SafeERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import {Multicall} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Multicall.sol";
import {SafeCast} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/SafeCast.sol";

/// @title Staker
/// @author [ScopeLift](https://scopelift.co)
/// @notice This contract manages the distribution of rewards to stakers. Rewards are denominated
/// in an ERC20 token and sent to the contract by authorized reward notifiers. To stake means to
/// deposit a designated, delegable ERC20 governance token and leave it over a period of time.
/// The contract allows stakers to delegate the voting power of the tokens they stake to any
/// governance delegatee on a per deposit basis. The contract also allows stakers to designate the
/// claimer address that earns rewards for the associated deposit.
///
/// The staking mechanism of this contract is directly inspired by the Synthetix StakingRewards.sol
/// implementation. The core mechanic involves the streaming of rewards over a designated period
/// of time. Each staker earns rewards proportional to their share of the total stake, and each
/// staker earns only while their tokens are staked. Stakers may add or withdraw their stake at any
/// point. Claimers can claim the rewards they've earned at any point. When a new reward is
/// received, the reward duration restarts, and the rate at which rewards are streamed is updated
/// to include the newly received rewards along with any remaining rewards that have finished
/// streaming since the last time a reward was received.
///
/// The rate at which a depositor earns rewards is proportional to their earning power. Earning
/// power is based on the amount the depositor has staked and the activity of their delegatee.
/// The calculation of earning power is handled by a separate module called the earning power
/// calculator. This module is set by the owner, and can be updated by the owner. If the owner of
/// the Staker contract is a DAO, which is the expected common case, this means the DAO has
/// the ability to define and iterate on its own definition of active, aligned participation,
/// and to decide how to reward it.
abstract contract Staker is INotifiableRewardReceiver, Multicall {
  using SafeCast for uint256;

  /// @notice A unique identifier assigned to each deposit.
  type DepositIdentifier is uint256;

  /// @notice Emitted when stake is deposited by a depositor, either to a new deposit or one that
  /// already exists.
  event StakeDeposited(
    address owner,
    DepositIdentifier indexed depositId,
    uint256 amount,
    uint256 depositBalance,
    uint256 earningPower
  );

  /// @notice Emitted when a depositor withdraws some portion of stake from a given deposit.
  event StakeWithdrawn(
    address owner,
    DepositIdentifier indexed depositId,
    uint256 amount,
    uint256 depositBalance,
    uint256 earningPower
  );

  /// @notice Emitted when a deposit's delegatee is changed.
  event DelegateeAltered(
    DepositIdentifier indexed depositId,
    address oldDelegatee,
    address newDelegatee,
    uint256 earningPower
  );

  /// @notice Emitted when a deposit's claimer is changed.
  event ClaimerAltered(
    DepositIdentifier indexed depositId,
    address indexed oldClaimer,
    address indexed newClaimer,
    uint256 earningPower
  );

  /// @notice Emitted when a claimer claims their earned reward.
  event RewardClaimed(
    DepositIdentifier indexed depositId,
    address indexed claimer,
    uint256 amount,
    uint256 earningPower
  );

  /// @notice Emitted when this contract is notified of a new reward.
  event RewardNotified(uint256 amount, address notifier);

  /// @notice Emitted when the admin address is set.
  event AdminSet(address indexed oldAdmin, address indexed newAdmin);

  /// @notice Emitted when the earning power calculator address is set.
  event EarningPowerCalculatorSet(
    address indexed oldEarningPowerCalculator, address indexed newEarningPowerCalculator
  );

  /// @notice Emitted when the max bump tip is modified.
  event MaxBumpTipSet(uint256 oldMaxBumpTip, uint256 newMaxBumpTip);

  /// @notice Emitted when the claim fee parameters are modified.
  event ClaimFeeParametersSet(
    uint96 oldFeeAmount, uint96 newFeeAmount, address oldFeeCollector, address newFeeCollector
  );

  /// @notice Emitted when a reward notifier address is enabled or disabled.
  event RewardNotifierSet(address indexed account, bool isEnabled);

  /// @notice Emitted when a deposit's earning power is changed via bumping.
  event EarningPowerBumped(
    DepositIdentifier indexed depositId,
    uint256 oldEarningPower,
    uint256 newEarningPower,
    address bumper,
    address tipReceiver,
    uint256 tipAmount
  );

  /// @notice Thrown when an account attempts a call for which it lacks appropriate permission.
  /// @param reason Human readable code explaining why the call is unauthorized.
  /// @param caller The address that attempted the unauthorized call.
  error Staker__Unauthorized(bytes32 reason, address caller);

  /// @notice Thrown if the new rate after a reward notification would be zero.
  error Staker__InvalidRewardRate();

  /// @notice Thrown if the following invariant is broken after a new reward: the contract should
  /// always have a reward balance sufficient to distribute at the reward rate across the reward
  /// duration.
  error Staker__InsufficientRewardBalance();

  /// @notice Thrown if the unclaimed rewards are insufficient to cover a bumper's requested tip,
  /// or in the case of an earning power decrease the tip of a subsequent earning power increase.
  error Staker__InsufficientUnclaimedRewards();

  /// @notice Thrown if a caller attempts to specify address zero for certain designated addresses.
  error Staker__InvalidAddress();

  /// @notice Thrown if a bumper's requested tip is invalid.
  error Staker__InvalidTip();

  /// @notice Thrown if the claim fee parameters are outside permitted bounds.
  error Staker__InvalidClaimFeeParameters();

  /// @notice Thrown when an onBehalf method is called with a deadline that has expired.
  error Staker__ExpiredDeadline();

  /// @notice Thrown if a caller supplies an invalid signature to a method that requires one.
  error Staker__InvalidSignature();

  /// @notice Thrown if an earning power update is unqualified to be bumped.
  /// @param score The would-be new earning power which did not qualify.
  error Staker__Unqualified(uint256 score);

  /// @notice Metadata associated with a discrete staking deposit.
  /// @param balance The deposit's staked balance.
  /// @param owner The owner of this deposit.
  /// @param delegatee The governance delegate who receives the voting weight for this deposit.
  /// @param claimer The address which has the right to withdraw rewards earned by this
  /// deposit.
  /// @param earningPower The "power" this deposit has as it pertains to earning rewards, which
  /// accrue to this deposit at a rate proportional to its share of the total earning power of the
  /// system.
  /// @param rewardPerTokenCheckpoint Checkpoint of the reward per token accumulator for this
  /// deposit. It represents the value of the global accumulator at the last time a given deposit's
  /// rewards were calculated and stored. The difference between the global value and this value
  /// can be used to calculate the interim rewards earned by given deposit.
  /// @param scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint Checkpoint of the unclaimed rewards earned by a given
  /// deposit with the scale factor included. This value is stored any time an action is taken that
  /// specifically impacts the rate at which rewards are earned by a given deposit. Total unclaimed
  /// rewards for a deposit are thus this value plus all rewards earned after this checkpoint was
  /// taken. This value is reset to zero when the deposit's rewards are claimed.
  struct Deposit {
    uint96 balance;
    address owner;
    uint96 earningPower;
    address delegatee;
    address claimer;
    uint256 rewardPerTokenCheckpoint;
    uint256 scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint;
  }

  /// @notice Parameters associated with the fee assessed when rewards are claimed.
  /// @param feeAmount The absolute amount of the reward token that is taken as a fee when rewards
  /// are claimed for a given deposit.
  /// @param feeCollector The address to which reward token fees are sent.
  struct ClaimFeeParameters {
    uint96 feeAmount;
    address feeCollector;
  }

  /// @notice ERC20 token in which rewards are denominated and distributed.
  IERC20 public immutable REWARD_TOKEN;

  /// @notice Delegable governance token which users stake to earn rewards.
  IERC20 public immutable STAKE_TOKEN;

  /// @notice Length of time over which rewards sent to this contract are distributed to stakers.
  uint256 public constant REWARD_DURATION = 30 days;

  /// @notice Scale factor used in reward calculation math to reduce rounding errors caused by
  /// truncation during division.
  uint256 public constant SCALE_FACTOR = 1e36;

  /// @notice The maximum value to which the claim fee can be set.
  /// @dev For anything other than a zero value, this immutable parameter should be set in the
  /// constructor of a concrete implementation inheriting from Staker.
  uint256 public immutable MAX_CLAIM_FEE;

  /// @dev Unique identifier that will be used for the next deposit.
  DepositIdentifier private nextDepositId;

  /// @notice Permissioned actor that can enable/disable `rewardNotifier` addresses, set the max
  /// bump tip, set the claim fee parameters, and update the earning power calculator.
  address public admin;

  /// @notice Maximum tip a bumper can request.
  uint256 public maxBumpTip;

  /// @notice Global amount currently staked across all deposits.
  uint256 public totalStaked;

  /// @notice Global amount of earning power for all deposits.
  uint256 public totalEarningPower;

  /// @notice Contract that determines a deposit's earning power based on their delegatee.
  /// @dev An earning power calculator should take into account that a deposit's earning power is a
  /// uint96. There may be overflow issues within governance staker if this is not taken into
  /// account. Also, there should be some mechanism to prevent the deposit from frequently being
  /// bumpable: if earning power changes frequently, this will eat into a users unclaimed rewards.
  IEarningPowerCalculator public earningPowerCalculator;

  /// @notice Tracks the total staked by a depositor across all unique deposits.
  mapping(address depositor => uint256 amount) public depositorTotalStaked;

  /// @notice Tracks the total earning power by a depositor across all unique deposits.
  mapping(address depositor => uint256 earningPower) public depositorTotalEarningPower;

  /// @notice Stores the metadata associated with a given deposit.
  mapping(DepositIdentifier depositId => Deposit deposit) public deposits;

  /// @notice Time at which rewards distribution will complete if there are no new rewards.
  uint256 public rewardEndTime;

  /// @notice Last time at which the global rewards accumulator was updated.
  uint256 public lastCheckpointTime;

  /// @notice Global rate at which rewards are currently being distributed to stakers,
  /// denominated in scaled reward tokens per second, using the SCALE_FACTOR.
  uint256 public scaledRewardRate;

  /// @notice Checkpoint value of the global reward per token accumulator.
  uint256 public rewardPerTokenAccumulatedCheckpoint;

  /// @notice Maps addresses to whether they are authorized to call `notifyRewardAmount`.
  mapping(address rewardNotifier => bool) public isRewardNotifier;

  /// @notice Current configuration parameters for the fee assessed on claiming.
  ClaimFeeParameters public claimFeeParameters;

  /// @param _rewardToken ERC20 token in which rewards will be denominated.
  /// @param _stakeToken Delegable governance token which users will stake to earn rewards.
  /// @param _earningPowerCalculator The contract that will serve as the initial calculator of
  /// earning power for the staker system.
  /// @param _admin Address which will have permission to manage reward notifiers, claim fee
  /// parameters, the max bump tip, and the reward calculator.
  constructor(
    IERC20 _rewardToken,
    IERC20 _stakeToken,
    IEarningPowerCalculator _earningPowerCalculator,
    uint256 _maxBumpTip,
    address _admin
  ) {
    REWARD_TOKEN = _rewardToken;
    STAKE_TOKEN = _stakeToken;
    _setAdmin(_admin);
    _setMaxBumpTip(_maxBumpTip);
    _setEarningPowerCalculator(address(_earningPowerCalculator));
  }

  /// @notice Set the admin address.
  /// @param _newAdmin Address of the new admin.
  /// @dev Caller must be the current admin.
  function setAdmin(address _newAdmin) external virtual {
    _revertIfNotAdmin();
    _setAdmin(_newAdmin);
  }

  /// @notice Set the earning power calculator address.
  function setEarningPowerCalculator(address _newEarningPowerCalculator) external virtual {
    _revertIfNotAdmin();
    _setEarningPowerCalculator(_newEarningPowerCalculator);
  }

  /// @notice Set the max bump tip.
  /// @param _newMaxBumpTip Value of the new max bump tip.
  /// @dev Caller must be the current admin.
  function setMaxBumpTip(uint256 _newMaxBumpTip) external virtual {
    _revertIfNotAdmin();
    _setMaxBumpTip(_newMaxBumpTip);
  }

  /// @notice Enables or disables a reward notifier address.
  /// @param _rewardNotifier Address of the reward notifier.
  /// @param _isEnabled `true` to enable the `_rewardNotifier`, or `false` to disable.
  /// @dev Caller must be the current admin.
  function setRewardNotifier(address _rewardNotifier, bool _isEnabled) external virtual {
    _revertIfNotAdmin();
    isRewardNotifier[_rewardNotifier] = _isEnabled;
    emit RewardNotifierSet(_rewardNotifier, _isEnabled);
  }

  /// @notice Updates the parameters related to the claim fee.
  /// @param _params The new fee parameters.
  /// @dev Caller must be current admin.
  function setClaimFeeParameters(ClaimFeeParameters memory _params) external virtual {
    _revertIfNotAdmin();
    _setClaimFeeParameters(_params);
  }

  /// @notice A method to get the delegation surrogate contract for a given delegate.
  /// @param _delegatee The address to which the delegation surrogate is delegating voting power.
  /// @return The delegation surrogate.
  /// @dev A concrete implementation should return a delegate surrogate address for a given
  /// delegatee. In practice this may be as simple as returning an address stored in a mapping or
  /// computing its create2 address.
  function surrogates(address _delegatee) public view virtual returns (DelegationSurrogate);

  /// @notice Timestamp representing the last time at which rewards have been distributed, which is
  /// either the current timestamp (because rewards are still actively being streamed) or the time
  /// at which the reward duration ended (because all rewards to date have already been streamed).
  /// @return Timestamp representing the last time at which rewards have been distributed.
  function lastTimeRewardDistributed() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
    if (rewardEndTime <= block.timestamp) return rewardEndTime;
    else return block.timestamp;
  }

  /// @notice Live value of the global reward per token accumulator. It is the sum of the last
  /// checkpoint value with the live calculation of the value that has accumulated in the interim.
  /// This number should monotonically increase over time as more rewards are distributed.
  /// @return Live value of the global reward per token accumulator.
  function rewardPerTokenAccumulated() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
    if (totalEarningPower == 0) return rewardPerTokenAccumulatedCheckpoint;

    return rewardPerTokenAccumulatedCheckpoint
      + (scaledRewardRate * (lastTimeRewardDistributed() - lastCheckpointTime)) / totalEarningPower;
  }

  /// @notice Live value of the unclaimed rewards earned by a given deposit. It is the
  /// sum of the last checkpoint value of the unclaimed rewards with the live calculation of the
  /// rewards that have accumulated for this account in the interim. This value can only increase,
  /// until it is reset to zero once the unearned rewards are claimed.
  ///
  /// Note that the contract tracks the unclaimed rewards internally with the scale factor
  /// included, in order to avoid the accrual of precision losses as users takes actions that
  /// cause rewards to be checkpointed. This external helper method is useful for integrations, and
  /// returns the value after it has been scaled down to the reward token's raw decimal amount.
  /// @param _depositId Identifier of the deposit in question.
  /// @return Live value of the unclaimed rewards earned by a given deposit.
  function unclaimedReward(DepositIdentifier _depositId) external view virtual returns (uint256) {
    return _scaledUnclaimedReward(deposits[_depositId]) / SCALE_FACTOR;
  }

  /// @notice Stake tokens to a new deposit. The caller must pre-approve the staking contract to
  /// spend at least the would-be staked amount of the token.
  /// @param _amount The amount of the staking token to stake.
  /// @param _delegatee The address to assign the governance voting weight of the staked tokens.
  /// @return _depositId The unique identifier for this deposit.
  /// @dev The delegatee may not be the zero address. The deposit will be owned by the message
  /// sender, and the claimer will also be the message sender.
  function stake(uint256 _amount, address _delegatee)
    external
    virtual
    returns (DepositIdentifier _depositId)
  {
    _depositId = _stake(msg.sender, _amount, _delegatee, msg.sender);
  }

  /// @notice Method to stake tokens to a new deposit. The caller must pre-approve the staking
  /// contract to spend at least the would-be staked amount of the token.
  /// @param _amount Quantity of the staking token to stake.
  /// @param _delegatee Address to assign the governance voting weight of the staked tokens.
  /// @param _claimer Address that will have the right to claim rewards for this stake.
  /// @return _depositId Unique identifier for this deposit.
  /// @dev Neither the delegatee nor the claimer may be the zero address. The deposit will be
  /// owned by the message sender.
  function stake(uint256 _amount, address _delegatee, address _claimer)
    external
    virtual
    returns (DepositIdentifier _depositId)
  {
    _depositId = _stake(msg.sender, _amount, _delegatee, _claimer);
  }

  /// @notice Add more staking tokens to an existing deposit. A staker should call this method when
  /// they have an existing deposit, and wish to stake more while retaining the same delegatee and
  /// claimer.
  /// @param _depositId Unique identifier of the deposit to which stake will be added.
  /// @param _amount Quantity of stake to be added.
  /// @dev The message sender must be the owner of the deposit.
  function stakeMore(DepositIdentifier _depositId, uint256 _amount) external virtual {
    Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];
    _revertIfNotDepositOwner(deposit, msg.sender);
    _stakeMore(deposit, _depositId, _amount);
  }

  /// @notice For an existing deposit, change the address to which governance voting power is
  /// assigned.
  /// @param _depositId Unique identifier of the deposit which will have its delegatee altered.
  /// @param _newDelegatee Address of the new governance delegate.
  /// @dev The new delegatee may not be the zero address. The message sender must be the owner of
  /// the deposit.
  function alterDelegatee(DepositIdentifier _depositId, address _newDelegatee) external virtual {
    Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];
    _revertIfNotDepositOwner(deposit, msg.sender);
    _alterDelegatee(deposit, _depositId, _newDelegatee);
  }

  /// @notice For an existing deposit, change the claimer account which has the right to
  /// withdraw staking rewards.
  /// @param _depositId Unique identifier of the deposit which will have its claimer altered.
  /// @param _newClaimer Address of the new claimer.
  /// @dev The new claimer may not be the zero address. The message sender must be the owner of
  /// the deposit.
  function alterClaimer(DepositIdentifier _depositId, address _newClaimer) external virtual {
    Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];
    _revertIfNotDepositOwner(deposit, msg.sender);
    _alterClaimer(deposit, _depositId, _newClaimer);
  }

  /// @notice Withdraw staked tokens from an existing deposit.
  /// @param _depositId Unique identifier of the deposit from which stake will be withdrawn.
  /// @param _amount Quantity of staked token to withdraw.
  /// @dev The message sender must be the owner of the deposit. Stake is withdrawn to the message
  /// sender's account.
  function withdraw(DepositIdentifier _depositId, uint256 _amount) external virtual {
    Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];
    _revertIfNotDepositOwner(deposit, msg.sender);
    _withdraw(deposit, _depositId, _amount);
  }

  /// @notice Claim reward tokens earned by a given deposit. Message sender must be the claimer
  /// address of the deposit or the owner of the deposit. Tokens are sent to the caller.
  /// @param _depositId Identifier of the deposit from which accrued rewards will be claimed.
  /// @return Amount of reward tokens claimed, after the fee has been assessed.
  function claimReward(DepositIdentifier _depositId) external virtual returns (uint256) {
    Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];
    if (deposit.claimer != msg.sender && deposit.owner != msg.sender) {
      revert Staker__Unauthorized("not claimer or owner", msg.sender);
    }
    return _claimReward(_depositId, deposit, msg.sender);
  }

  /// @notice Called by an authorized rewards notifier to alert the staking contract that a new
  /// reward has been transferred to it. It is assumed that the reward has already been
  /// transferred to this staking contract before the rewards notifier calls this method.
  /// @param _amount Quantity of reward tokens the staking contract is being notified of.
  /// @dev It is critical that only well behaved contracts are approved by the admin to call this
  /// method, for two reasons.
  ///
  /// 1. A misbehaving contract could grief stakers by frequently notifying this contract of tiny
  ///    rewards, thereby continuously stretching out the time duration over which real rewards are
  ///    distributed. It is required that reward notifiers supply reasonable rewards at reasonable
  ///    intervals.
  //  2. A misbehaving contract could falsely notify this contract of rewards that were not actually
  ///    distributed, creating a shortfall for those claiming their rewards after others. It is
  ///    required that a notifier contract always transfers the `_amount` to this contract before
  ///    calling this method.
  function notifyRewardAmount(uint256 _amount) external virtual {
    if (!isRewardNotifier[msg.sender]) revert Staker__Unauthorized("not notifier", msg.sender);

    // We checkpoint the accumulator without updating the timestamp at which it was updated,
    // because that second operation will be done after updating the reward rate.
    rewardPerTokenAccumulatedCheckpoint = rewardPerTokenAccumulated();

    if (block.timestamp >= rewardEndTime) {
      scaledRewardRate = (_amount * SCALE_FACTOR) / REWARD_DURATION;
    } else {
      uint256 _remainingReward = scaledRewardRate * (rewardEndTime - block.timestamp);
      scaledRewardRate = (_remainingReward + _amount * SCALE_FACTOR) / REWARD_DURATION;
    }

    rewardEndTime = block.timestamp + REWARD_DURATION;
    lastCheckpointTime = block.timestamp;

    if ((scaledRewardRate / SCALE_FACTOR) == 0) revert Staker__InvalidRewardRate();

    // This check cannot _guarantee_ sufficient rewards have been transferred to the contract,
    // because it cannot isolate the unclaimed rewards owed to stakers left in the balance. While
    // this check is useful for preventing degenerate cases, it is not sufficient. Therefore, it is
    // critical that only safe reward notifier contracts are approved to call this method by the
    // admin.
    if (
      (scaledRewardRate * REWARD_DURATION) > (REWARD_TOKEN.balanceOf(address(this)) * SCALE_FACTOR)
    ) revert Staker__InsufficientRewardBalance();

    emit RewardNotified(_amount, msg.sender);
  }

  /// @notice A function that a bumper can call to update a deposit's earning power when a
  /// qualifying change in the earning power is returned by the earning power calculator. A
  /// deposit's earning power may change as determined by the algorithm of the current earning power
  /// calculator. In order to incentivize bumpers to trigger these updates a portion of deposit's
  /// unclaimed rewards are sent to the bumper.
  /// @param _depositId The identifier for the deposit that needs an updated earning power.
  /// @param _tipReceiver The receiver of the reward for updating a deposit's earning power.
  /// @param _requestedTip The amount of tip requested by the third-party.
  function bumpEarningPower(
    DepositIdentifier _depositId,
    address _tipReceiver,
    uint256 _requestedTip
  ) external virtual {
    if (_requestedTip > maxBumpTip) revert Staker__InvalidTip();

    Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];

    _checkpointGlobalReward();
    _checkpointReward(deposit);

    uint256 _unclaimedRewards = deposit.scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint / SCALE_FACTOR;

    (uint256 _newEarningPower, bool _isQualifiedForBump) = earningPowerCalculator.getNewEarningPower(
      deposit.balance, deposit.owner, deposit.delegatee, deposit.earningPower
    );
    if (!_isQualifiedForBump || _newEarningPower == deposit.earningPower) {
      revert Staker__Unqualified(_newEarningPower);
    }

    if (_newEarningPower > deposit.earningPower && _unclaimedRewards < _requestedTip) {
      revert Staker__InsufficientUnclaimedRewards();
    }

    // Note: underflow causes a revert if the requested  tip is more than unclaimed rewards
    if (_newEarningPower < deposit.earningPower && (_unclaimedRewards - _requestedTip) < maxBumpTip)
    {
      revert Staker__InsufficientUnclaimedRewards();
    }

    emit EarningPowerBumped(
      _depositId, deposit.earningPower, _newEarningPower, msg.sender, _tipReceiver, _requestedTip
    );

    // Update global earning power & deposit earning power based on this bump
    totalEarningPower =
      _calculateTotalEarningPower(deposit.earningPower, _newEarningPower, totalEarningPower);
    depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner] = _calculateTotalEarningPower(
      deposit.earningPower, _newEarningPower, depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner]
    );
    deposit.earningPower = _newEarningPower.toUint96();

    // Send tip to the receiver
    SafeERC20.safeTransfer(REWARD_TOKEN, _tipReceiver, _requestedTip);
    deposit.scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint =
      deposit.scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint - (_requestedTip * SCALE_FACTOR);
  }

  /// @notice Live value of the unclaimed rewards earned by a given deposit with the
  /// scale factor included. Used internally for calculating reward checkpoints while minimizing
  /// precision loss.
  /// @return Live value of the unclaimed rewards earned by a given deposit with the
  /// scale factor included.
  /// @dev See documentation for the public, non-scaled `unclaimedReward` method for more details.
  function _scaledUnclaimedReward(Deposit storage deposit) internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
    return deposit.scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint
      + (deposit.earningPower * (rewardPerTokenAccumulated() - deposit.rewardPerTokenCheckpoint));
  }

  /// @notice Internal method which finds the existing surrogate contract—or deploys a new one if
  /// none exists—for a given delegatee.
  /// @param _delegatee Account for which a surrogate is sought.
  /// @return _surrogate The address of the surrogate contract for the delegatee.
  /// @dev A concrete implementation would either deploy a new delegate surrogate or return an
  /// existing surrogate for a given delegatee address.
  function _fetchOrDeploySurrogate(address _delegatee)
    internal
    virtual
    returns (DelegationSurrogate _surrogate);

  /// @notice Internal convenience method which calls the `transferFrom` method on the stake token
  /// contract and reverts on failure.
  /// @param _from Source account from which stake token is to be transferred.
  /// @param _to Destination account of the stake token which is to be transferred.
  /// @param _value Quantity of stake token which is to be transferred.
  function _stakeTokenSafeTransferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) internal virtual {
    SafeERC20.safeTransferFrom(STAKE_TOKEN, _from, _to, _value);
  }

  /// @notice Internal method which generates and returns a unique, previously unused deposit
  /// identifier.
  /// @return _depositId Previously unused deposit identifier.
  function _useDepositId() internal virtual returns (DepositIdentifier _depositId) {
    _depositId = nextDepositId;
    nextDepositId = DepositIdentifier.wrap(DepositIdentifier.unwrap(_depositId) + 1);
  }

  /// @notice Internal convenience methods which performs the staking operations.
  /// @dev This method must only be called after proper authorization has been completed.
  /// @dev See public stake methods for additional documentation.
  function _stake(address _depositor, uint256 _amount, address _delegatee, address _claimer)
    internal
    virtual
    returns (DepositIdentifier _depositId)
  {
    _revertIfAddressZero(_delegatee);
    _revertIfAddressZero(_claimer);

    _checkpointGlobalReward();

    DelegationSurrogate _surrogate = _fetchOrDeploySurrogate(_delegatee);
    _depositId = _useDepositId();

    uint256 _earningPower = earningPowerCalculator.getEarningPower(_amount, _depositor, _delegatee);

    totalStaked += _amount;
    totalEarningPower += _earningPower;
    depositorTotalStaked[_depositor] += _amount;
    depositorTotalEarningPower[_depositor] += _earningPower;
    deposits[_depositId] = Deposit({
      balance: _amount.toUint96(),
      owner: _depositor,
      delegatee: _delegatee,
      claimer: _claimer,
      earningPower: _earningPower.toUint96(),
      rewardPerTokenCheckpoint: rewardPerTokenAccumulatedCheckpoint,
      scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint: 0
    });
    _stakeTokenSafeTransferFrom(_depositor, address(_surrogate), _amount);
    emit StakeDeposited(_depositor, _depositId, _amount, _amount, _earningPower);
    emit ClaimerAltered(_depositId, address(0), _claimer, _earningPower);
    emit DelegateeAltered(_depositId, address(0), _delegatee, _earningPower);
  }

  /// @notice Internal convenience method which adds more stake to an existing deposit.
  /// @dev This method must only be called after proper authorization has been completed.
  /// @dev See public stakeMore methods for additional documentation.
  function _stakeMore(Deposit storage deposit, DepositIdentifier _depositId, uint256 _amount)
    internal
    virtual
  {
    _checkpointGlobalReward();
    _checkpointReward(deposit);

    DelegationSurrogate _surrogate = surrogates(deposit.delegatee);

    uint256 _newBalance = deposit.balance + _amount;
    uint256 _newEarningPower =
      earningPowerCalculator.getEarningPower(_newBalance, deposit.owner, deposit.delegatee);

    totalEarningPower =
      _calculateTotalEarningPower(deposit.earningPower, _newEarningPower, totalEarningPower);
    totalStaked += _amount;
    depositorTotalStaked[deposit.owner] += _amount;
    depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner] = _calculateTotalEarningPower(
      deposit.earningPower, _newEarningPower, depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner]
    );
    deposit.earningPower = _newEarningPower.toUint96();
    deposit.balance = _newBalance.toUint96();
    _stakeTokenSafeTransferFrom(deposit.owner, address(_surrogate), _amount);
    emit StakeDeposited(deposit.owner, _depositId, _amount, _newBalance, _newEarningPower);
  }

  /// @notice Internal convenience method which alters the delegatee of an existing deposit.
  /// @dev This method must only be called after proper authorization has been completed.
  /// @dev See public alterDelegatee methods for additional documentation.
  function _alterDelegatee(
    Deposit storage deposit,
    DepositIdentifier _depositId,
    address _newDelegatee
  ) internal virtual {
    _revertIfAddressZero(_newDelegatee);
    _checkpointGlobalReward();
    _checkpointReward(deposit);

    DelegationSurrogate _oldSurrogate = surrogates(deposit.delegatee);
    uint256 _newEarningPower =
      earningPowerCalculator.getEarningPower(deposit.balance, deposit.owner, _newDelegatee);

    totalEarningPower =
      _calculateTotalEarningPower(deposit.earningPower, _newEarningPower, totalEarningPower);
    depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner] = _calculateTotalEarningPower(
      deposit.earningPower, _newEarningPower, depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner]
    );

    emit DelegateeAltered(_depositId, deposit.delegatee, _newDelegatee, _newEarningPower);
    deposit.delegatee = _newDelegatee;
    deposit.earningPower = _newEarningPower.toUint96();
    DelegationSurrogate _newSurrogate = _fetchOrDeploySurrogate(_newDelegatee);
    _stakeTokenSafeTransferFrom(address(_oldSurrogate), address(_newSurrogate), deposit.balance);
  }

  /// @notice Internal convenience method which alters the claimer of an existing deposit.
  /// @dev This method must only be called after proper authorization has been completed.
  /// @dev See public alterClaimer methods for additional documentation.
  function _alterClaimer(Deposit storage deposit, DepositIdentifier _depositId, address _newClaimer)
    internal
    virtual
  {
    _revertIfAddressZero(_newClaimer);
    _checkpointGlobalReward();
    _checkpointReward(deposit);

    // Updating the earning power here is not strictly necessary, but if the user is touching their
    // deposit anyway, it seems reasonable to make sure their earning power is up to date.
    uint256 _newEarningPower =
      earningPowerCalculator.getEarningPower(deposit.balance, deposit.owner, deposit.delegatee);
    totalEarningPower =
      _calculateTotalEarningPower(deposit.earningPower, _newEarningPower, totalEarningPower);
    depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner] = _calculateTotalEarningPower(
      deposit.earningPower, _newEarningPower, depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner]
    );

    deposit.earningPower = _newEarningPower.toUint96();

    emit ClaimerAltered(_depositId, deposit.claimer, _newClaimer, _newEarningPower);
    deposit.claimer = _newClaimer;
  }

  /// @notice Internal convenience method which withdraws the stake from an existing deposit.
  /// @dev This method must only be called after proper authorization has been completed.
  /// @dev See public withdraw methods for additional documentation.
  function _withdraw(Deposit storage deposit, DepositIdentifier _depositId, uint256 _amount)
    internal
    virtual
  {
    _checkpointGlobalReward();
    _checkpointReward(deposit);

    // overflow prevents withdrawing more than balance
    uint256 _newBalance = deposit.balance - _amount;
    uint256 _newEarningPower =
      earningPowerCalculator.getEarningPower(_newBalance, deposit.owner, deposit.delegatee);

    totalStaked -= _amount;
    totalEarningPower =
      _calculateTotalEarningPower(deposit.earningPower, _newEarningPower, totalEarningPower);
    depositorTotalStaked[deposit.owner] -= _amount;
    depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner] = _calculateTotalEarningPower(
      deposit.earningPower, _newEarningPower, depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner]
    );

    deposit.balance = _newBalance.toUint96();
    deposit.earningPower = _newEarningPower.toUint96();
    _stakeTokenSafeTransferFrom(address(surrogates(deposit.delegatee)), deposit.owner, _amount);
    emit StakeWithdrawn(deposit.owner, _depositId, _amount, _newBalance, _newEarningPower);
  }

  /// @notice Internal convenience method which claims earned rewards.
  /// @return Amount of reward tokens claimed, after the claim fee has been assessed.
  /// @dev This method must only be called after proper authorization has been completed.
  /// @dev See public claimReward methods for additional documentation.
  function _claimReward(DepositIdentifier _depositId, Deposit storage deposit, address _claimer)
    internal
    virtual
    returns (uint256)
  {
    _checkpointGlobalReward();
    _checkpointReward(deposit);

    uint256 _reward = deposit.scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint / SCALE_FACTOR;
    // Intentionally reverts due to overflow if unclaimed rewards are less than fee.
    uint256 _payout = _reward - claimFeeParameters.feeAmount;
    if (_payout == 0) return 0;

    // retain sub-wei dust that would be left due to the precision loss
    deposit.scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint =
      deposit.scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint - (_reward * SCALE_FACTOR);

    uint256 _newEarningPower =
      earningPowerCalculator.getEarningPower(deposit.balance, deposit.owner, deposit.delegatee);

    emit RewardClaimed(_depositId, _claimer, _payout, _newEarningPower);

    totalEarningPower =
      _calculateTotalEarningPower(deposit.earningPower, _newEarningPower, totalEarningPower);
    depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner] = _calculateTotalEarningPower(
      deposit.earningPower, _newEarningPower, depositorTotalEarningPower[deposit.owner]
    );
    deposit.earningPower = _newEarningPower.toUint96();

    SafeERC20.safeTransfer(REWARD_TOKEN, _claimer, _payout);
    if (claimFeeParameters.feeAmount > 0) {
      SafeERC20.safeTransfer(
        REWARD_TOKEN, claimFeeParameters.feeCollector, claimFeeParameters.feeAmount
      );
    }
    return _payout;
  }

  /// @notice Checkpoints the global reward per token accumulator.
  function _checkpointGlobalReward() internal virtual {
    rewardPerTokenAccumulatedCheckpoint = rewardPerTokenAccumulated();
    lastCheckpointTime = lastTimeRewardDistributed();
  }

  /// @notice Checkpoints the unclaimed rewards and reward per token accumulator of a given
  /// deposit.
  /// @param deposit The deposit for which the reward parameters will be checkpointed.
  /// @dev This is a sensitive internal helper method that must only be called after global rewards
  /// accumulator has been checkpointed. It assumes the global `rewardPerTokenCheckpoint` is up to
  /// date.
  function _checkpointReward(Deposit storage deposit) internal virtual {
    deposit.scaledUnclaimedRewardCheckpoint = _scaledUnclaimedReward(deposit);
    deposit.rewardPerTokenCheckpoint = rewardPerTokenAccumulatedCheckpoint;
  }

  /// @notice Internal helper method which calculates and returns an updated value for total
  /// earning power based on the old and new earning power of a deposit which is being changed.
  /// @param _depositOldEarningPower The earning power of the deposit before a change is applied.
  /// @param _depositNewEarningPower The earning power of the deposit after a change is applied.
  /// @return _newTotalEarningPower The new total earning power.
  function _calculateTotalEarningPower(
    uint256 _depositOldEarningPower,
    uint256 _depositNewEarningPower,
    uint256 _totalEarningPower
  ) internal pure returns (uint256 _newTotalEarningPower) {
    return _totalEarningPower + _depositNewEarningPower - _depositOldEarningPower;
  }

  /// @notice Internal helper method which sets the admin address.
  /// @param _newAdmin Address of the new admin.
  function _setAdmin(address _newAdmin) internal virtual {
    _revertIfAddressZero(_newAdmin);
    emit AdminSet(admin, _newAdmin);
    admin = _newAdmin;
  }

  /// @notice Internal helper method which sets the earning power calculator address.
  function _setEarningPowerCalculator(address _newEarningPowerCalculator) internal virtual {
    _revertIfAddressZero(_newEarningPowerCalculator);
    emit EarningPowerCalculatorSet(address(earningPowerCalculator), _newEarningPowerCalculator);
    earningPowerCalculator = IEarningPowerCalculator(_newEarningPowerCalculator);
  }

  /// @notice Internal helper method which sets the max bump tip.
  /// @param _newMaxTip Value of the new max bump tip.
  function _setMaxBumpTip(uint256 _newMaxTip) internal virtual {
    emit MaxBumpTipSet(maxBumpTip, _newMaxTip);
    maxBumpTip = _newMaxTip;
  }

  /// @notice Internal helper method which sets the claim fee parameters.
  /// @param _params The new fee parameters.
  function _setClaimFeeParameters(ClaimFeeParameters memory _params) internal virtual {
    if (
      _params.feeAmount > MAX_CLAIM_FEE
        || (_params.feeCollector == address(0) && _params.feeAmount > 0)
    ) revert Staker__InvalidClaimFeeParameters();

    emit ClaimFeeParametersSet(
      claimFeeParameters.feeAmount,
      _params.feeAmount,
      claimFeeParameters.feeCollector,
      _params.feeCollector
    );

    claimFeeParameters = _params;
  }

  /// @notice Internal helper method which reverts Staker__Unauthorized if the message
  /// sender is not the admin.
  function _revertIfNotAdmin() internal view virtual {
    if (msg.sender != admin) revert Staker__Unauthorized("not admin", msg.sender);
  }

  /// @notice Internal helper method which reverts Staker__Unauthorized if the alleged
  /// owner is not the true owner of the deposit.
  /// @param deposit Deposit to validate.
  /// @param _owner Alleged owner of deposit.
  function _revertIfNotDepositOwner(Deposit storage deposit, address _owner) internal view virtual {
    if (_owner != deposit.owner) revert Staker__Unauthorized("not owner", _owner);
  }

  /// @notice Internal helper method which reverts with Staker__InvalidAddress if the
  /// account in question is address zero.
  /// @param _account Account to verify.
  function _revertIfAddressZero(address _account) internal pure {
    if (_account == address(0)) revert Staker__InvalidAddress();
  }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
pragma solidity ^0.8.23;

import {Staker} from "../Staker.sol";
import {SignatureChecker} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/SignatureChecker.sol";
import {Nonces} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Nonces.sol";
import {EIP712} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol";

/// @title StakerOnBehalf
/// @author [ScopeLift](https://scopelift.co)
/// @notice This contract extension adds signature execution functionality to the Staker
/// base contract, allowing key operations to be executed via signatures rather than requiring the
/// owner or claimer to execute transactions directly. This includes staking, withdrawing,
/// altering delegatees and claimers, and claiming rewards. Each operation requires a unique
/// signature that is validated against the appropriate signer (owner or claimer) before
/// execution.
abstract contract StakerOnBehalf is Staker, EIP712, Nonces {
  /// @notice Thrown when an onBehalf method is called with a deadline that has expired.
  error StakerOnBehalf__ExpiredDeadline();

  /// @notice Thrown if a caller supplies an invalid signature to a method that requires one.
  error StakerOnBehalf__InvalidSignature();

  /// @notice Type hash used when encoding data for `stakeOnBehalf` calls.
  bytes32 public constant STAKE_TYPEHASH = keccak256(
    "Stake(uint256 amount,address delegatee,address claimer,address depositor,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)"
  );
  /// @notice Type hash used when encoding data for `stakeMoreOnBehalf` calls.
  bytes32 public constant STAKE_MORE_TYPEHASH = keccak256(
    "StakeMore(uint256 depositId,uint256 amount,address depositor,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)"
  );
  /// @notice Type hash used when encoding data for `alterDelegateeOnBehalf` calls.
  bytes32 public constant ALTER_DELEGATEE_TYPEHASH = keccak256(
    "AlterDelegatee(uint256 depositId,address newDelegatee,address depositor,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)"
  );
  /// @notice Type hash used when encoding data for `alterClaimerOnBehalf` calls.
  bytes32 public constant ALTER_CLAIMER_TYPEHASH = keccak256(
    "AlterClaimer(uint256 depositId,address newClaimer,address depositor,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)"
  );
  /// @notice Type hash used when encoding data for `withdrawOnBehalf` calls.
  bytes32 public constant WITHDRAW_TYPEHASH = keccak256(
    "Withdraw(uint256 depositId,uint256 amount,address depositor,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)"
  );
  /// @notice Type hash used when encoding data for `claimRewardOnBehalf` calls.
  bytes32 public constant CLAIM_REWARD_TYPEHASH =
    keccak256("ClaimReward(uint256 depositId,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)");

  /// @notice Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signatures for this contract.
  /// @return The domain separator, as a bytes32 value, used for EIP-712 signatures.
  function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32) {
    return _domainSeparatorV4();
  }

  /// @notice Allows an address to increment their nonce and therefore invalidate any pending signed
  /// actions.
  function invalidateNonce() external virtual {
    _useNonce(msg.sender);
  }

  /// @notice Stake tokens to a new deposit on behalf of a user, using a signature to validate the
  /// user's intent. The caller must pre-approve the staking contract to spend at least the
  /// would-be staked amount of the token.
  /// @param _amount Quantity of the staking token to stake.
  /// @param _delegatee Address to assign the governance voting weight of the staked tokens.
  /// @param _claimer Address that will have the right to claim rewards for this stake.
  /// @param _depositor Address of the user on whose behalf this stake is being made.
  /// @param _deadline The timestamp after which the signature should expire.
  /// @param _signature Signature of the user authorizing this stake.
  /// @return _depositId Unique identifier for this deposit.
  /// @dev Neither the delegatee nor the claimer may be the zero address.
  function stakeOnBehalf(
    uint256 _amount,
    address _delegatee,
    address _claimer,
    address _depositor,
    uint256 _deadline,
    bytes memory _signature
  ) external virtual returns (DepositIdentifier _depositId) {
    _revertIfPastDeadline(_deadline);
    _revertIfSignatureIsNotValidNow(
      _depositor,
      _hashTypedDataV4(
        keccak256(
          abi.encode(
            STAKE_TYPEHASH,
            _amount,
            _delegatee,
            _claimer,
            _depositor,
            _useNonce(_depositor),
            _deadline
          )
        )
      ),
      _signature
    );
    _depositId = _stake(_depositor, _amount, _delegatee, _claimer);
  }

  /// @notice Add more staking tokens to an existing deposit on behalf of a user, using a signature
  /// to validate the user's intent. A staker should call this method when they have an existing
  /// deposit, and wish to stake more while retaining the same delegatee and claimer. The caller
  /// must pre-approve the staking contract to spend at least the would-be staked amount of the
  /// token.
  /// @param _depositId Unique identifier of the deposit to which stake will be added.
  /// @param _amount Quantity of stake to be added.
  /// @param _depositor Address of the user on whose behalf this stake is being made.
  /// @param _deadline The timestamp after which the signature should expire.
  /// @param _signature Signature of the user authorizing this stake.
  function stakeMoreOnBehalf(
    DepositIdentifier _depositId,
    uint256 _amount,
    address _depositor,
    uint256 _deadline,
    bytes memory _signature
  ) external virtual {
    Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];
    _revertIfNotDepositOwner(deposit, _depositor);
    _revertIfPastDeadline(_deadline);
    _revertIfSignatureIsNotValidNow(
      _depositor,
      _hashTypedDataV4(
        keccak256(
          abi.encode(
            STAKE_MORE_TYPEHASH, _depositId, _amount, _depositor, _useNonce(_depositor), _deadline
          )
        )
      ),
      _signature
    );

    _stakeMore(deposit, _depositId, _amount);
  }

  /// @notice For an existing deposit, change the address to which governance voting power is
  /// assigned on behalf of a user, using a signature to validate the user's intent.
  /// @param _depositId Unique identifier of the deposit which will have its delegatee altered.
  /// @param _newDelegatee Address of the new governance delegate.
  /// @param _depositor Address of the user on whose behalf this action is being taken.
  /// @param _deadline The timestamp after which the signature should expire.
  /// @param _signature Signature of the user authorizing this stake.
  /// @dev The new delegatee may not be the zero address.
  function alterDelegateeOnBehalf(
    DepositIdentifier _depositId,
    address _newDelegatee,
    address _depositor,
    uint256 _deadline,
    bytes memory _signature
  ) external virtual {
    Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];
    _revertIfNotDepositOwner(deposit, _depositor);
    _revertIfPastDeadline(_deadline);
    _revertIfSignatureIsNotValidNow(
      _depositor,
      _hashTypedDataV4(
        keccak256(
          abi.encode(
            ALTER_DELEGATEE_TYPEHASH,
            _depositId,
            _newDelegatee,
            _depositor,
            _useNonce(_depositor),
            _deadline
          )
        )
      ),
      _signature
    );

    _alterDelegatee(deposit, _depositId, _newDelegatee);
  }

  /// @notice For an existing deposit, change the claimer account which has the right to
  /// withdraw staking rewards accruing on behalf of a user, using a signature to validate the
  /// user's intent.
  /// @param _depositId Unique identifier of the deposit which will have its claimer altered.
  /// @param _newClaimer Address of the new claimer.
  /// @param _depositor Address of the user on whose behalf this action is being taken.
  /// @param _deadline The timestamp after which the signature should expire.
  /// @param _signature Signature of the user authorizing this stake.
  /// @dev The new claimer may not be the zero address.
  function alterClaimerOnBehalf(
    DepositIdentifier _depositId,
    address _newClaimer,
    address _depositor,
    uint256 _deadline,
    bytes memory _signature
  ) external virtual {
    Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];
    _revertIfNotDepositOwner(deposit, _depositor);
    _revertIfPastDeadline(_deadline);
    _revertIfSignatureIsNotValidNow(
      _depositor,
      _hashTypedDataV4(
        keccak256(
          abi.encode(
            ALTER_CLAIMER_TYPEHASH,
            _depositId,
            _newClaimer,
            _depositor,
            _useNonce(_depositor),
            _deadline
          )
        )
      ),
      _signature
    );

    _alterClaimer(deposit, _depositId, _newClaimer);
  }

  /// @notice Withdraw staked tokens from an existing deposit on behalf of a user, using a
  /// signature to validate the user's intent.
  /// @param _depositId Unique identifier of the deposit from which stake will be withdrawn.
  /// @param _amount Quantity of staked token to withdraw.
  /// @param _depositor Address of the user on whose behalf this action is being taken.
  /// @param _deadline The timestamp after which the signature should expire.
  /// @param _signature Signature of the user authorizing this stake.
  /// @dev Stake is withdrawn to the deposit owner's account.
  function withdrawOnBehalf(
    DepositIdentifier _depositId,
    uint256 _amount,
    address _depositor,
    uint256 _deadline,
    bytes memory _signature
  ) external virtual {
    Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];
    _revertIfNotDepositOwner(deposit, _depositor);
    _revertIfPastDeadline(_deadline);
    _revertIfSignatureIsNotValidNow(
      _depositor,
      _hashTypedDataV4(
        keccak256(
          abi.encode(
            WITHDRAW_TYPEHASH, _depositId, _amount, _depositor, _useNonce(_depositor), _deadline
          )
        )
      ),
      _signature
    );

    _withdraw(deposit, _depositId, _amount);
  }

  /// @notice Claim reward tokens earned by a given deposit, using a signature to validate the
  /// caller's intent. The signer must be the claimer address of the deposit Tokens are sent to
  /// the claimer.
  /// @param _depositId The identifier for the deposit for which to claim rewards.
  /// @param _deadline The timestamp after which the signature should expire.
  /// @param _signature Signature of the claimer or owner authorizing this reward claim.
  /// @return Amount of reward tokens claimed, after the fee has been assessed.
  function claimRewardOnBehalf(
    DepositIdentifier _depositId,
    uint256 _deadline,
    bytes memory _signature
  ) external virtual returns (uint256) {
    _revertIfPastDeadline(_deadline);
    Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];
    bytes32 _claimerHash = _hashTypedDataV4(
      keccak256(abi.encode(CLAIM_REWARD_TYPEHASH, _depositId, nonces(deposit.claimer), _deadline))
    );
    bool _isValidClaimerClaim =
      SignatureChecker.isValidSignatureNow(deposit.claimer, _claimerHash, _signature);
    if (_isValidClaimerClaim) {
      _useNonce(deposit.claimer);
      return _claimReward(_depositId, deposit, deposit.claimer);
    }

    bytes32 _ownerHash = _hashTypedDataV4(
      keccak256(abi.encode(CLAIM_REWARD_TYPEHASH, _depositId, _useNonce(deposit.owner), _deadline))
    );
    bool _isValidOwnerClaim =
      SignatureChecker.isValidSignatureNow(deposit.owner, _ownerHash, _signature);
    if (!_isValidOwnerClaim) revert StakerOnBehalf__InvalidSignature();
    return _claimReward(_depositId, deposit, deposit.owner);
  }

  /// @notice Internal helper method which reverts with StakerOnBehalf__ExpiredDeadline if the
  /// provided deadline has passed.
  /// @param _deadline The timestamp that represents when the operation should no longer be valid.
  function _revertIfPastDeadline(uint256 _deadline) internal view virtual {
    if (block.timestamp > _deadline) revert StakerOnBehalf__ExpiredDeadline();
  }

  /// @notice Internal helper method which reverts with Staker__InvalidSignature if the
  /// signature is invalid.
  /// @param _signer Address of the signer.
  /// @param _hash Hash of the message.
  /// @param _signature Signature to validate.
  function _revertIfSignatureIsNotValidNow(address _signer, bytes32 _hash, bytes memory _signature)
    internal
    view
    virtual
  {
    bool _isValid = SignatureChecker.isValidSignatureNow(_signer, _hash, _signature);
    if (!_isValid) revert StakerOnBehalf__InvalidSignature();
  }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
pragma solidity ^0.8.23;

import {Staker} from "../Staker.sol";
import {IERC20Permit} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";

/// @title StakerPermitAndStake
/// @author [ScopeLift](https://scopelift.co)
/// @notice This contract extension adds permit functionality to the Staker base contract,
/// allowing token approvals to happen via signatures rather than requiring a separate transaction.
/// The permit functionality is used in conjunction with staking operations, improving UX by
/// enabling users to approve and stake tokens in a single transaction. Note that this extension
/// requires the stake token to support EIP-2612 permit functionality.
abstract contract StakerPermitAndStake is Staker {
  /// @notice Thrown if an inheritor misconfigures the staking token on deployment.
  error StakerPermitAndStake__UnauthorizedToken();

  /// @param _permitToken The token that is used for staking, which must support EIP-2612. It also
  /// must be the same as the parent Staker's STAKE_TOKEN.
  constructor(IERC20Permit _permitToken) {
    if (address(STAKE_TOKEN) != address(_permitToken)) {
      revert StakerPermitAndStake__UnauthorizedToken();
    }
  }

  /// @notice Method to stake tokens to a new deposit. Before the staking operation occurs, a
  /// signature is passed to the token contract's permit method to spend the would-be staked amount
  /// of the token.
  /// @param _amount Quantity of the staking token to stake.
  /// @param _delegatee Address to assign the governance voting weight of the staked tokens.
  /// @param _claimer Address that will have the right to claim rewards for this stake.
  /// @param _deadline The timestamp after which the permit signature should expire.
  /// @param _v ECDSA signature component: Parity of the `y` coordinate of point `R`
  /// @param _r ECDSA signature component: x-coordinate of `R`
  /// @param _s ECDSA signature component: `s` value of the signature
  /// @return _depositId Unique identifier for this deposit.
  /// @dev Neither the delegatee nor the claimer may be the zero address. The deposit will be
  /// owned by the message sender.
  function permitAndStake(
    uint256 _amount,
    address _delegatee,
    address _claimer,
    uint256 _deadline,
    uint8 _v,
    bytes32 _r,
    bytes32 _s
  ) external virtual returns (DepositIdentifier _depositId) {
    try IERC20Permit(address(STAKE_TOKEN)).permit(
      msg.sender, address(this), _amount, _deadline, _v, _r, _s
    ) {} catch {}
    _depositId = _stake(msg.sender, _amount, _delegatee, _claimer);
  }

  /// @notice Add more staking tokens to an existing deposit. A staker should call this method when
  /// they have an existing deposit, and wish to stake more while retaining the same delegatee and
  /// claimer. Before the staking operation occurs, a signature is passed to the token
  /// contract's permit method to spend the would-be staked amount of the token.
  /// @param _depositId Unique identifier of the deposit to which stake will be added.
  /// @param _amount Quantity of stake to be added.
  /// @param _deadline The timestamp after which the permit signature should expire.
  /// @param _v ECDSA signature component: Parity of the `y` coordinate of point `R`
  /// @param _r ECDSA signature component: x-coordinate of `R`
  /// @param _s ECDSA signature component: `s` value of the signature
  /// @dev The message sender must be the owner of the deposit.
  function permitAndStakeMore(
    DepositIdentifier _depositId,
    uint256 _amount,
    uint256 _deadline,
    uint8 _v,
    bytes32 _r,
    bytes32 _s
  ) external virtual {
    Deposit storage deposit = deposits[_depositId];
    _revertIfNotDepositOwner(deposit, msg.sender);

    try IERC20Permit(address(STAKE_TOKEN)).permit(
      msg.sender, address(this), _amount, _deadline, _v, _r, _s
    ) {} catch {}
    _stakeMore(deposit, _depositId, _amount);
  }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/// @title IAddressSet
/// @author [Golem Foundation](https://golem.foundation)
/// @custom:security-contact security@golem.foundation
/// @notice Interface for a managed set of addresses with access control
/// @dev Provides add/remove operations and membership checking
interface IAddressSet {
    /// @notice Check if an address is in the set
    /// @param account Address to check
    /// @return True if the address is in the set, false otherwise
    function contains(address account) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice Add an address to the set
    /// @param account Address to add
    /// @dev Reverts if address is already in the set or is address(0)
    function add(address account) external;

    /// @notice Add multiple addresses to the set
    /// @param accounts Addresses to add
    /// @dev Reverts on first invalid address (already in set or address(0))
    function add(address[] memory accounts) external;

    /// @notice Remove an address from the set
    /// @param account Address to remove
    /// @dev Reverts if address is not in the set
    function remove(address account) external;

    /// @notice Remove multiple addresses from the set
    /// @param accounts Addresses to remove
    /// @dev Reverts on first address not in the set
    function remove(address[] memory accounts) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
pragma solidity ^0.8.23;

/// @title IEarningPowerCalculator
/// @author [ScopeLift](https://scopelift.co)
/// @notice Interface to which Earning Power Calculators must conform in order to provide earning
/// power updates to an instance of Staker. Well behaving earning power calculators should:
///
/// 1. Be deterministic, i.e. produce the same output for the same input at a given time.
/// 2. Return values that are in the same order of magnitude as reasonable stake token amounts.
///    Avoid returning values that are dramatically detached from the staked amount.
/// 3. Avoid too much "churn" on earning power values, in particular, avoid returning "true" for
///    the `getNewEarningPower` method's `_isQualifiedForBump` too frequently, as such an earning
///    calculator would result in repeated bumps on a user's deposit, requiring excessive
///    monitoring on their behalf to avoid eating into their rewards.
interface IEarningPowerCalculator {
  /// @notice Returns the current earning power for a given staker, delegatee and staking amount.
  /// @param _amountStaked The amount of tokens staked.
  /// @param _staker The address of the staker.
  /// @param _delegatee The address of their chosen delegatee.
  /// @return _earningPower The calculated earning power.
  function getEarningPower(uint256 _amountStaked, address _staker, address _delegatee)
    external
    view
    returns (uint256 _earningPower);

  /// @notice Returns the current earning power for a given staker, delegatee, staking amount, and
  /// old earning power, along with a flag denoting whether the change in earning power warrants
  /// "bumping." Bumping means paying a third party a bit of the rewards to update the deposit's
  /// earning power on the depositor's behalf.
  /// @param _amountStaked The amount of tokens staked.
  /// @param _staker The address of the staker.
  /// @param _delegatee The address of their chosen delegatee.
  /// @param _oldEarningPower The earning power currently assigned to the deposit for which new
  /// earning power is being calculated.
  /// @return _newEarningPower The calculated earning power.
  /// @return _isQualifiedForBump A flag indicating whether or not this new earning power qualifies
  /// the deposit for having its earning power bumped.
  /// @dev Earning Power calculators should only "qualify" a bump when the difference warrants a
  /// forced update by a third party. This could be, for example, to reduce a deposit's earning
  /// power because their delegatee has become inactive. Even in these cases, a calculator should
  /// avoid qualifying for a bump too frequently. A calculator implementer may, for example, want
  /// to implement a grace period or a threshold difference before qualifying a deposit for a bump.
  function getNewEarningPower(
    uint256 _amountStaked,
    address _staker,
    address _delegatee,
    uint256 _oldEarningPower
  ) external view returns (uint256 _newEarningPower, bool _isQualifiedForBump);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import { ERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import { SafeERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import { Math } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";
import { ECDSA } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";
import { IERC1271 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC1271.sol";

/// @notice Interface for base allocation mechanism strategy implementations
/// @dev Follows Yearn V3 pattern where shared implementation calls base strategy via interface
interface IBaseAllocationStrategy {
    /// @notice Hook to allow or block registration
    function beforeSignupHook(address user) external returns (bool);

    /// @notice Hook to allow or block proposal creation
    function beforeProposeHook(address proposer) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice Hook to calculate new voting power on registration
    function getVotingPowerHook(address user, uint256 deposit) external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice Hook to validate existence and integrity of a proposal ID
    function validateProposalHook(uint256 pid) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice Hook to process a vote
    function processVoteHook(
        uint256 pid,
        address voter,
        uint8 choice,
        uint256 weight,
        uint256 oldPower
    ) external returns (uint256 newPower);

    /// @notice Check if proposal met quorum requirement
    function hasQuorumHook(uint256 pid) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice Hook to convert final vote tallies into vault shares to mint
    function convertVotesToShares(uint256 pid) external view returns (uint256 sharesToMint);

    /// @notice Hook to modify the behavior of finalizeVoteTally
    function beforeFinalizeVoteTallyHook() external returns (bool);

    /// @notice Hook to fetch the recipient address for a proposal
    function getRecipientAddressHook(uint256 pid) external view returns (address recipient);

    /// @notice Hook to perform custom distribution of shares when a proposal is queued
    /// @dev If this returns (true, assetsTransferred), default share minting is skipped and totalAssets is updated
    /// @param recipient Address of the recipient for the proposal
    /// @param sharesToMint Number of shares to distribute/mint to the recipient
    /// @return handled True if custom distribution was handled, false to use default minting
    /// @return assetsTransferred Amount of assets transferred directly to recipient (to update totalAssets)
    function requestCustomDistributionHook(
        address recipient,
        uint256 sharesToMint
    ) external returns (bool handled, uint256 assetsTransferred);

    /// @notice Hook to get the available withdraw limit for a share owner
    function availableWithdrawLimit(address shareOwner) external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice Hook to calculate total assets including any matching pools or custom logic
    function calculateTotalAssetsHook() external view returns (uint256);
}

/**
 * @title TokenizedAllocationMechanism
 * @author [Golem Foundation](https://golem.foundation)
 * @custom:security-contact security@golem.foundation
 * @notice Shared implementation for allocation/voting mechanisms (Yearn V3 pattern)
 * @dev Handles all standard voting logic via delegatecall from mechanism proxies
 *
 *      PROPOSAL STATE MACHINE:
 *      ═══════════════════════════════════
 *      Pending → Active → Tallying → Defeated/Succeeded → Queued → Redeemable → Expired
 *             ↓
 *          Canceled
 *
 *      STATE DESCRIPTIONS:
 *      - Pending: Proposal created, waiting for votingDelay
 *      - Active: Voting period active, users can cast votes
 *      - Tallying: Voting ended, waiting for finalization
 *      - Defeated: Voting ended, failed quorum
 *      - Succeeded: Voting ended, passed quorum
 *      - Queued: Shares minted, waiting for timelock
 *      - Redeemable: Timelock passed, within grace period
 *      - Expired: Grace period passed, redemptions closed
 *      - Canceled: Proposer canceled (terminal state)
 *
 *      LIFECYCLE TIMELINE:
 *      ═══════════════════════════════════
 *      T0: Proposal created (Pending)
 *      T0 + votingDelay: Voting opens (Active)
 *      T0 + votingDelay + votingPeriod: Voting closes (Tallying)
 *      Anyone calls finalizeVoteTally(): Defeated or Succeeded
 *      If Succeeded, anyone calls queue(): Queued (shares minted)
 *      Queued + timelockDelay: Redeemable (redemptions allowed)
 *      Redeemable + gracePeriod: Expired (redemptions closed)
 *
 *      VOTING MECHANICS:
 *      ═══════════════════════════════════
 *      1. Users signup (deposit assets, get voting power)
 *      2. Proposals created during registration period
 *      3. Users cast votes (Against/For/Abstain)
 *      4. Votes finalized after votingPeriod
 *      5. Successful proposals get shares minted
 *      6. Recipients redeem shares for assets
 *
 *      SECURITY FEATURES:
 *      ═══════════════════════════════════
 *      - Timelock: Delay before redemptions (security buffer)
 *      - Grace Period: Limited redemption window
 *      - Quorum: Minimum votes required
 *      - EIP-712: Gasless signups and votes
 *      - Reentrancy protection
 *      - Pausability
 *
 * @custom:security State machine enforces proper proposal progression
 * @custom:security Timelock provides security delay before fund distribution
 */
contract TokenizedAllocationMechanism is IERC20 {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;
    using SafeERC20 for ERC20;
    using Math for uint256;

    // Custom Errors
    error ZeroAssetAddress();
    error ZeroVotingDelay();
    error ZeroVotingPeriod();
    error ZeroQuorumShares();
    error ZeroTimelockDelay();
    error ZeroGracePeriod();
    error ZeroStartBlock();
    /// @param startTime Proposed start timestamp in seconds
    /// @param currentTime Current block timestamp in seconds
    error InvalidStartTime(uint256 startTime, uint256 currentTime);
    error EmptyName();
    error EmptySymbol();
    /// @param user Address attempting to register
    error RegistrationBlocked(address user);
    /// @param currentTime Current block timestamp in seconds
    /// @param endTime Voting end timestamp in seconds
    error VotingEnded(uint256 currentTime, uint256 endTime);
    /// @param user Address that is already registered
    error AlreadyRegistered(address user);
    /// @param deposit Deposit amount in asset base units (token decimals)
    /// @param maxAllowed Maximum allowed deposit in asset base units
    error DepositTooLarge(uint256 deposit, uint256 maxAllowed);
    /// @param votingPower Voting power in shares units in share base units
    /// @param maxAllowed Maximum allowed voting power in share base units
    error VotingPowerTooLarge(uint256 votingPower, uint256 maxAllowed);
    /// @param deposit Deposit amount in asset base units (token decimals)
    error InsufficientDeposit(uint256 deposit);
    /// @param proposer Address attempting to propose
    error ProposeNotAllowed(address proposer);
    /// @param recipient Invalid recipient address
    error InvalidRecipient(address recipient);
    /// @param user Invalid user address
    error InvalidUser(address user);
    /// @param recipient Recipient with an active proposal
    error RecipientUsed(address recipient);
    /// @param pid Proposal id
    /// @param expected Expected recipient address
    /// @param actual Provided recipient address
    error RecipientMismatch(uint256 pid, address expected, address actual);
    /// @param pid Proposal id
    error DescriptionMismatch(uint256 pid);
    error EmptyDescription();
    /// @param length Provided description length in bytes
    /// @param maxLength Maximum allowed length in bytes
    error DescriptionTooLong(uint256 length, uint256 maxLength);
    /// @param currentTime Current block timestamp in seconds
    /// @param endTime Voting end timestamp in seconds
    error VotingNotEnded(uint256 currentTime, uint256 endTime);
    error TallyAlreadyFinalized();
    error FinalizationBlocked();
    error TallyNotFinalized();
    /// @param pid Invalid proposal id
    error InvalidProposal(uint256 pid);
    /// @param pid Canceled proposal id
    error ProposalCanceledError(uint256 pid);
    /// @param pid Proposal id
    /// @param forVotes Total for votes in share base units
    /// @param againstVotes Total against votes in share base units
    /// @param required Quorum threshold in shares in share base units
    error NoQuorum(uint256 pid, uint256 forVotes, uint256 againstVotes, uint256 required);
    /// @param pid Proposal id
    error AlreadyQueued(uint256 pid);
    error QueueingClosedAfterRedemption();
    /// @param pid Proposal id
    /// @param sharesToMint Calculated shares to mint in share base units
    error NoAllocation(uint256 pid, uint256 sharesToMint);
    /// @param requested Assets requested in base units (token decimals)
    /// @param available Available assets in base units (token decimals)
    error InsufficientAssets(uint256 requested, uint256 available);
    /// @param currentTime Current block timestamp in seconds
    /// @param startTime Voting start timestamp in seconds
    /// @param endTime Voting end timestamp in seconds
    error VotingClosed(uint256 currentTime, uint256 startTime, uint256 endTime);
    /// @param weight Vote weight in shares in share base units
    /// @param votingPower Voter's voting power in shares in share base units
    error InvalidWeight(uint256 weight, uint256 votingPower);
    /// @param weight Vote weight in shares in share base units
    /// @param maxAllowed Maximum allowed weight in shares in share base units
    error WeightTooLarge(uint256 weight, uint256 maxAllowed);
    /// @param oldPower Previous voting power in shares in share base units
    /// @param newPower New voting power in shares in share base units
    error PowerIncreased(uint256 oldPower, uint256 newPower);
    /// @param caller Caller address
    /// @param proposer Expected proposer address
    error NotProposer(address caller, address proposer);
    /// @param pid Proposal id
    error AlreadyCanceled(uint256 pid);
    error Unauthorized();
    error AlreadyInitialized();
    error PausedError();
    error ReentrantCall();
    /// @param deadline Signature deadline timestamp in seconds
    /// @param currentTime Current block timestamp in seconds
    error ExpiredSignature(uint256 deadline, uint256 currentTime);
    error InvalidSignature();
    /// @param recovered Address recovered from signature
    /// @param expected Expected signer address
    error InvalidSigner(address recovered, address expected);

    /// @notice Maximum safe value for internal math to avoid overflows
    /// @dev Capped at uint128.max to keep intermediate operations within safe bounds
    uint256 public constant MAX_SAFE_VALUE = type(uint128).max;

    /// @notice Storage slot for allocation mechanism data (EIP-1967-like deterministic slot)
    /// @dev Calculated as keccak256("tokenized.allocation.storage") - 1 to minimize collision risk
    bytes32 private constant ALLOCATION_STORAGE_SLOT = bytes32(uint256(keccak256("tokenized.allocation.storage")) - 1);

    /// @notice EIP-712 Domain separator typehash
    /// @dev Used to compute domain separator for structured data signing
    bytes32 private constant TYPE_HASH =
        keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)");

    /// @notice Signup typehash for EIP-712 structured data
    /// @dev Typed data: Signup(user, payer, deposit, nonce, deadline)
    bytes32 private constant SIGNUP_TYPEHASH =
        keccak256("Signup(address user,address payer,uint256 deposit,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)");

    /// @notice CastVote typehash for EIP-712 structured data
    /// @dev Typed data: CastVote(voter, proposalId, choice, weight, expectedRecipient, nonce, deadline)
    bytes32 private constant CAST_VOTE_TYPEHASH =
        keccak256(
            "CastVote(address voter,uint256 proposalId,uint8 choice,uint256 weight,address expectedRecipient,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)"
        );

    /// @notice EIP-712 version string used in domain separator
    /// @dev Update only with extreme caution; changing breaks signature domain
    string private constant EIP712_VERSION = "1";

    // ============================================
    // ENUMS
    // ============================================

    /**
     * @notice Vote types for proposal voting
     * @dev Used in castVote() to indicate vote direction
     */
    enum VoteType {
        /// @notice Vote against the proposal
        Against,
        /// @notice Vote in favor of the proposal
        For,
        /// @notice Abstain from voting (recorded but doesn't affect outcome)
        Abstain
    }

    /**
     * @notice Proposal lifecycle states
     * @dev State machine progression enforced by contract logic
     */
    enum ProposalState {
        /// @notice Created, waiting for votingDelay to pass
        Pending,
        /// @notice Voting period active, can cast votes
        Active,
        /// @notice Proposer canceled, terminal state
        Canceled,
        /// @notice Voting ended, awaiting finalization
        Tallying,
        /// @notice Finalized, failed quorum (terminal)
        Defeated,
        /// @notice Finalized, passed quorum, ready to queue
        Succeeded,
        /// @notice Shares minted, waiting for timelock
        Queued,
        /// @notice Timelock passed, in grace period (can redeem)
        Redeemable,
        /// @notice Grace period ended (redemptions closed)
        Expired
    }

    /**
     * @notice Core proposal data used throughout the allocation mechanism
     * @dev Stores immutable metadata for a proposal; dynamic tallies are kept elsewhere
     */
    struct Proposal {
        /// @notice Number of shares requested if proposal succeeds in share base units
        uint256 sharesRequested;
        /// @notice Address that created the proposal
        address proposer;
        /// @notice Intended recipient of minted shares upon queue
        address recipient;
        /// @notice Human-readable description or rationale for the proposal
        string description;
        /// @notice True if the proposer canceled the proposal (terminal state)
        bool canceled;
    }

    /// @notice Main storage struct containing all allocation mechanism state
    /// @dev Stored at a deterministic slot; see {ALLOCATION_STORAGE_SLOT}
    struct AllocationStorage {
        // Basic information
        /// @notice ERC20 name for the shares token
        string name;
        /// @notice ERC20 symbol for the shares token
        string symbol;
        /// @notice Underlying ERC20 asset used for deposits and redemptions
        IERC20 asset;
        // Configuration (immutable after initialization)
        /// @notice Block number at initialization for legacy compatibility (blocks)
        uint256 startBlock;
        /// @notice Voting delay after start before voting opens (seconds)
        uint256 votingDelay;
        /// @notice Voting duration once opened (seconds)
        uint256 votingPeriod;
        /// @notice Timelock duration after queue before redemptions (seconds)
        uint256 timelockDelay;
        /// @notice Grace period during which redemptions are allowed (seconds)
        uint256 gracePeriod;
        /// @notice Quorum threshold in shares required for success in share base units
        uint256 quorumShares;
        /// @notice Mechanism start timestamp (seconds)
        uint256 startTime;
        /// @notice Timestamp when voting opens (startTime + votingDelay) (seconds)
        uint256 votingStartTime;
        /// @notice Timestamp when voting ends (startTime + votingDelay + votingPeriod) (seconds)
        uint256 votingEndTime;
        /// @notice Timestamp when {finalizeVoteTally} was called (seconds)
        uint256 tallyFinalizedTime;
        // Access control
        /// @notice Current contract owner authorized to manage configuration
        address owner;
        /// @notice Pending owner waiting to accept ownership
        address pendingOwner;
        /// @notice Global pause flag to disable mutating actions
        bool paused;
        /// @notice True once {initialize} has been successfully called
        bool initialized;
        // Reentrancy protection
        /// @notice Reentrancy guard flag (1 = NOT_ENTERED, 2 = ENTERED)
        uint8 reentrancyStatus;
        // Voting state
        /// @notice True if vote tally is finalized (post-voting)
        bool tallyFinalized;
        /// @notice Monotonic counter used to assign new proposal ids
        uint256 proposalIdCounter;
        /// @notice Global timestamp when all redemptions and transfers can begin (seconds)
        uint256 globalRedemptionStart;
        /// @notice Global timestamp when the redemption period ends (seconds)
        uint256 globalRedemptionEndTime;
        // Allocation Mechanism Vault Storage (merged from DistributionMechanism)
        /// @notice Per-address sequential nonces for EIP-712 signatures
        mapping(address => uint256) nonces;
        /// @notice Share balances per account in share base units
        mapping(address => uint256) balances;
        /// @notice Allowances mapping for share spenders in share base units
        mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) allowances;
        /// @notice Total number of shares in circulation in share base units
        uint256 totalSupply;
        /// @notice Total assets under management in underlying base units
        /// @dev Manually tracked to prevent PPS manipulation through airdrops
        uint256 totalAssets;
        // Strategy Management
        /// @notice Address permitted to perform keeper operations
        address keeper;
        /// @notice Management address authorized to update configuration
        address management;
        /// @notice Decimals used by asset and this shares token
        uint8 decimals;
        // Mappings
        /// @notice Mapping from proposal id to stored {Proposal}
        mapping(uint256 => Proposal) proposals;
        /// @notice Tracks active proposal id for a given recipient (if any)
        mapping(address => uint256) activeProposalByRecipient;
        /// @notice Voting power per user in shares in share base units
        mapping(address => uint256) votingPower;
        /// @notice Shares allocated to each proposal in share base units
        mapping(uint256 => uint256) proposalShares;
        // EIP712 storage
        /// @notice Cached EIP-712 domain separator for signatures
        bytes32 domainSeparator; // Cached domain separator
        /// @notice Chain id used in domain separator to provide fork protection
        uint256 initialChainId; // Chain ID at deployment for fork protection
    }

    // ---------- Storage Access for Hooks ----------

    /// @notice Emitted when a user completes registration
    /// @param user Address of the registered user
    /// @param votingPower Voting power granted (shares, 18 decimals)
    event UserRegistered(address indexed user, uint256 votingPower);
    /// @notice Emitted when a new proposal is created
    /// @param pid Newly assigned proposal id
    /// @param proposer Address that created the proposal
    /// @param recipient Intended recipient of minted shares upon queue
    /// @param description Human-readable proposal description
    event ProposalCreated(uint256 indexed pid, address indexed proposer, address indexed recipient, string description);
    /// @notice Emitted when a vote is cast
    /// @param voter Address casting the vote
    /// @param pid Proposal id being voted on
    /// @param weight Vote weight used (shares, 18 decimals)
    event VotesCast(address indexed voter, uint256 indexed pid, uint256 weight);
    /// @notice Emitted when vote tally is finalized
    event VoteTallyFinalized();
    /// @notice Emitted when a proposal is queued and shares minted
    /// @param pid Proposal id being queued
    /// @param eta Timestamp when timelock elapses and redemptions can begin (seconds)
    /// @param shareAmount Number of shares minted/allocated in share base units
    event ProposalQueued(uint256 indexed pid, uint256 eta, uint256 shareAmount);
    /// @notice Emitted when a proposal is canceled
    /// @param pid Proposal id that was canceled
    /// @param proposer Address of the canceling proposer
    event ProposalCanceled(uint256 indexed pid, address indexed proposer);
    /// @notice Emitted when ownership transfer is initiated
    /// @param currentOwner Current owner address
    /// @param pendingOwner Address nominated to become the new owner
    event OwnershipTransferInitiated(address indexed currentOwner, address indexed pendingOwner);
    /// @notice Emitted when ownership transfer is canceled
    /// @param currentOwner Current owner address
    /// @param canceledPendingOwner Previously pending owner whose transfer was canceled
    event OwnershipTransferCanceled(address indexed currentOwner, address indexed canceledPendingOwner);
    /// @notice Emitted when ownership is transferred
    /// @param previousOwner Address of the previous owner
    /// @param newOwner Address of the new owner
    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
    /// @notice Emitted when keeper is updated
    /// @param previousKeeper Old keeper address
    /// @param newKeeper New keeper address
    event KeeperUpdated(address indexed previousKeeper, address indexed newKeeper);
    /// @notice Emitted when management is updated
    /// @param previousManagement Old management address
    /// @param newManagement New management address
    event ManagementUpdated(address indexed previousManagement, address indexed newManagement);
    /// @notice Emitted when contract is paused/unpaused
    /// @param paused True if paused, false if unpaused
    event PausedStatusChanged(bool paused);
    /// @notice Emitted when global redemption period is set
    /// @param redemptionStart Timestamp when global redemptions can begin (seconds)
    /// @param redemptionEnd Timestamp when global redemptions end (seconds)
    event GlobalRedemptionPeriodSet(uint256 redemptionStart, uint256 redemptionEnd);
    /// @notice Emitted when tokens are swept after grace period
    /// @param token Token address that was swept
    /// @param receiver Recipient of swept tokens
    /// @param amount Amount swept in token base units
    event Swept(address indexed token, address indexed receiver, uint256 amount);

    // Additional events from DistributionMechanism
    /// @param caller Address initiating the redemption
    /// @param receiver Address receiving the underlying assets
    /// @param owner Owner of the shares being redeemed
    /// @param assets Amount of underlying assets transferred (asset base units)
    /// @param shares Amount of shares burned in share base units
    event Withdraw(
        address indexed caller,
        address indexed receiver,
        address indexed owner,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares
    );

    // ---------- Storage Access ----------

    /// @notice Get the storage struct from the predefined slot
    /// @return s Storage struct containing all mutable state
    function _getStorage() internal pure returns (AllocationStorage storage s) {
        bytes32 slot = ALLOCATION_STORAGE_SLOT;
        assembly {
            s.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /// @notice Constructor to prevent initialization of the library implementation
    constructor() {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();
        s.initialized = true; // Prevent initialization on the library contract
        s.reentrancyStatus = 1; // Initialize reentrancy guard to NOT_ENTERED
    }

    /// @notice Returns the domain separator, updating it if chain ID changed (fork protection)
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() public returns (bytes32) {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();
        if (block.chainid == s.initialChainId) {
            return s.domainSeparator;
        } else {
            s.initialChainId = block.chainid;

            bytes32 domainSeparator = _computeDomainSeparator(s);
            s.domainSeparator = domainSeparator;
            return domainSeparator;
        }
    }

    /// @dev Computes the domain separator
    function _computeDomainSeparator(AllocationStorage storage s) private view returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encode(
                    TYPE_HASH,
                    keccak256(bytes(s.name)),
                    keccak256(bytes(EIP712_VERSION)),
                    block.chainid,
                    address(this)
                )
            );
    }

    // ---------- Modifiers ----------

    modifier onlyOwner() {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();
        if (msg.sender != s.owner) revert Unauthorized();
        _;
    }

    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        if (_getStorage().paused) revert PausedError();
        _;
    }

    modifier nonReentrant() {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();
        if (s.reentrancyStatus == 2) revert ReentrantCall();
        s.reentrancyStatus = 2;
        _;
        s.reentrancyStatus = 1;
    }

    // ---------- Initialization ----------

    /// @notice Initialize the allocation mechanism with configuration
    /// @dev Can only be called once by the strategy/clone proxy; subsequent calls revert
    /// @param _owner Address that will become the owner and management
    /// @param _asset Underlying ERC20 asset used for deposits/redemptions
    /// @param _name ERC20 name for the shares token
    /// @param _symbol ERC20 symbol for the shares token
    /// @param _votingDelay Delay before voting opens (seconds)
    /// @param _votingPeriod Duration of the voting phase (seconds)
    /// @param _quorumShares Quorum threshold (shares, 18 decimals)
    /// @param _timelockDelay Delay after queueing before redemptions (seconds)
    /// @param _gracePeriod Duration of redemption window (seconds)
    /// @custom:security Initialization guarded by `AlreadyInitialized` check
    function initialize(
        address _owner,
        IERC20 _asset,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol,
        uint256 _votingDelay,
        uint256 _votingPeriod,
        uint256 _quorumShares,
        uint256 _timelockDelay,
        uint256 _gracePeriod
    ) external {
        _initializeAllocation(
            _owner,
            _asset,
            _name,
            _symbol,
            _votingDelay,
            _votingPeriod,
            _quorumShares,
            _timelockDelay,
            _gracePeriod
        );
    }

    /// @notice Internal allocation mechanism initialization
    /// @dev Shared initializer used by {initialize}
    /// @param _owner Address that will become the owner and management
    /// @param _asset Underlying ERC20 asset used for deposits/redemptions
    /// @param _name ERC20 name for the shares token
    /// @param _symbol ERC20 symbol for the shares token
    /// @param _votingDelay Delay before voting opens (seconds)
    /// @param _votingPeriod Duration of the voting phase (seconds)
    /// @param _quorumShares Quorum threshold (shares, 18 decimals)
    /// @param _timelockDelay Delay after queueing before redemptions (seconds)
    /// @param _gracePeriod Duration of redemption window (seconds)
    function _initializeAllocation(
        address _owner,
        IERC20 _asset,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol,
        uint256 _votingDelay,
        uint256 _votingPeriod,
        uint256 _quorumShares,
        uint256 _timelockDelay,
        uint256 _gracePeriod
    ) internal {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();

        // Validate inputs
        if (_owner == address(0)) revert Unauthorized();
        if (address(_asset) == address(0)) revert ZeroAssetAddress();
        if (_votingDelay == 0) revert ZeroVotingDelay();
        if (_votingPeriod == 0) revert ZeroVotingPeriod();
        if (_quorumShares == 0) revert ZeroQuorumShares();
        if (_timelockDelay == 0) revert ZeroTimelockDelay();
        if (_gracePeriod == 0) revert ZeroGracePeriod();
        if (bytes(_name).length == 0) revert EmptyName();
        if (bytes(_symbol).length == 0) revert EmptySymbol();
        if (s.initialized == true) revert AlreadyInitialized();

        // Set configuration
        s.owner = _owner;
        s.asset = _asset;
        s.name = _name;
        s.symbol = _symbol;
        s.votingDelay = _votingDelay;
        s.votingPeriod = _votingPeriod;
        s.quorumShares = _quorumShares;
        s.timelockDelay = _timelockDelay;
        s.gracePeriod = _gracePeriod;
        s.startBlock = block.number; // Keep for legacy getter compatibility
        s.initialized = true;
        s.reentrancyStatus = 1; // Initialize reentrancy guard to NOT_ENTERED

        // Set timestamp-based timeline starting from deployment time
        s.startTime = block.timestamp;
        s.votingStartTime = s.startTime + _votingDelay;
        s.votingEndTime = s.votingStartTime + _votingPeriod;

        // Set management roles to owner
        s.management = _owner;
        s.keeper = _owner;
        s.decimals = ERC20(address(_asset)).decimals();

        // Initialize EIP712 domain separator
        s.initialChainId = block.chainid;
        s.domainSeparator = _computeDomainSeparator(s);

        emit OwnershipTransferred(address(0), _owner);
    }

    // ---------- Registration ----------

    /// @notice Register to gain voting power by depositing underlying tokens
    /// @param deposit Amount of underlying to deposit (asset base units, may be zero)
    /// @custom:security Reentrancy protected; callable only when not paused
    function signup(uint256 deposit) external nonReentrant whenNotPaused {
        _executeSignup(msg.sender, deposit, msg.sender);
    }

    /// @notice Register on behalf of another user using EIP-712 signature
    /// @param user Address of the user signing up
    /// @param deposit Amount of underlying to deposit (asset base units)
    /// @param deadline Expiration timestamp for the signature (seconds)
    /// @param v Signature parameter
    /// @param r Signature parameter
    /// @param s Signature parameter
    /// @dev The deposit will be taken from msg.sender, not the user. Increments `nonces[user]`.
    /// @custom:security Reentrancy protected; callable only when not paused
    function signupOnBehalfWithSignature(
        address user,
        uint256 deposit,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external nonReentrant whenNotPaused {
        _validateSignature(
            user,
            keccak256(abi.encode(SIGNUP_TYPEHASH, user, msg.sender, deposit, _getStorage().nonces[user]++, deadline)),
            deadline,
            v,
            r,
            s
        );
        _executeSignup(user, deposit, msg.sender);
    }

    /// @notice Register with voting power using EIP-712 signature
    /// @param user Address of the user signing up
    /// @param deposit Amount of underlying to deposit (asset base units)
    /// @param deadline Expiration timestamp for the signature (seconds)
    /// @param v Signature parameter
    /// @param r Signature parameter
    /// @param s Signature parameter
    /// @dev The deposit will be taken from the user themselves. Increments `nonces[user]`.
    /// @custom:security Reentrancy protected; callable only when not paused
    function signupWithSignature(
        address user,
        uint256 deposit,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external nonReentrant whenNotPaused {
        _validateSignature(
            user,
            keccak256(abi.encode(SIGNUP_TYPEHASH, user, user, deposit, _getStorage().nonces[user]++, deadline)),
            deadline,
            v,
            r,
            s
        );
        _executeSignup(user, deposit, user);
    }

    /// @dev Validates signature parameters with ERC1271 support for contract signers
    function _validateSignature(
        address expectedSigner,
        bytes32 structHash,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) private {
        // Check deadline
        if (block.timestamp > deadline) revert ExpiredSignature(deadline, block.timestamp);

        // Compute EIP712 digest
        bytes32 digest = keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19\x01", DOMAIN_SEPARATOR(), structHash));

        // Try ECDSA recovery first
        (address recovered, , ) = ECDSA.tryRecover(digest, v, r, s);

        // If ECDSA recovery matches expected signer, we're done
        if (recovered == expectedSigner) {
            return;
        }

        // If expectedSigner is a contract, try ERC1271 validation
        if (expectedSigner.code.length > 0) {
            // Pack signature components for ERC1271
            bytes memory signature = abi.encodePacked(r, s, v);

            try IERC1271(expectedSigner).isValidSignature(digest, signature) returns (bytes4 magicValue) {
                if (magicValue == 0x1626ba7e) {
                    return; // Valid ERC1271 signature
                }
            } catch {
                // Fall through to revert
            }
        }

        // Neither ECDSA nor ERC1271 validation succeeded
        revert InvalidSigner(recovered, expectedSigner);
    }

    /// @dev Internal signup execution logic
    function _executeSignup(address user, uint256 deposit, address payer) private {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();

        // Prevent zero address registration
        if (user == address(0)) revert InvalidUser(user);

        // Call hook for validation via interface (Yearn V3 pattern)
        if (!IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this)).beforeSignupHook(user)) {
            revert RegistrationBlocked(user);
        }

        if (block.timestamp > s.votingEndTime) revert VotingEnded(block.timestamp, s.votingEndTime);

        if (deposit > MAX_SAFE_VALUE) revert DepositTooLarge(deposit, MAX_SAFE_VALUE);

        if (deposit > 0) s.asset.safeTransferFrom(payer, address(this), deposit);

        uint256 newPower = IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this)).getVotingPowerHook(user, deposit);
        if (newPower > MAX_SAFE_VALUE) revert VotingPowerTooLarge(newPower, MAX_SAFE_VALUE);

        // Prevent registration with zero voting power when deposit is non-zero
        if (newPower == 0 && deposit > 0) revert InsufficientDeposit(deposit);

        // Add to existing voting power to support multiple signups
        uint256 totalPower = s.votingPower[user] + newPower;
        if (totalPower > MAX_SAFE_VALUE) revert VotingPowerTooLarge(totalPower, MAX_SAFE_VALUE);

        s.votingPower[user] = totalPower;
        emit UserRegistered(user, newPower);
    }

    // ---------- Proposal Creation ----------

    /// @notice Create a new proposal targeting `recipient`
    /// @param recipient Address to receive allocated vault shares upon queue
    /// @param description Human-readable description or rationale for the proposal
    /// @return pid Unique identifier for the new proposal
    /// @custom:security Reentrancy protected; callable only when not paused; subject to strategy hook
    function propose(
        address recipient,
        string calldata description
    ) external whenNotPaused nonReentrant returns (uint256 pid) {
        address proposer = msg.sender;

        // Call hook for validation - Potential DoS risk - malicious keeper/management contracts could revert these calls
        if (!IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this)).beforeProposeHook(proposer)) revert ProposeNotAllowed(proposer);

        if (recipient == address(0) || recipient == address(this)) revert InvalidRecipient(recipient);

        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();

        // Proposing only allowed before voting period ends
        if (block.timestamp > s.votingEndTime) {
            revert VotingEnded(block.timestamp, s.votingEndTime);
        }

        if (s.activeProposalByRecipient[recipient] != 0) {
            revert RecipientUsed(recipient);
        }
        if (bytes(description).length == 0) revert EmptyDescription();
        if (bytes(description).length > 1000) revert DescriptionTooLong(bytes(description).length, 1000);

        pid = ++s.proposalIdCounter;

        s.proposals[pid] = Proposal(0, proposer, recipient, description, false);
        s.activeProposalByRecipient[recipient] = pid;

        emit ProposalCreated(pid, proposer, recipient, description);
    }

    // ---------- Voting ----------

    /// @notice Cast a vote on a proposal
    /// @param pid Proposal ID
    /// @param choice VoteType (Against, For, Abstain)
    /// @param weight Amount of voting power to apply (shares, 18 decimals)
    /// @param expectedRecipient Expected recipient address to prevent reorganization attacks
    /// @custom:security Reentrancy protected; callable only when not paused; only during voting window
    function castVote(
        uint256 pid,
        VoteType choice,
        uint256 weight,
        address expectedRecipient
    ) external nonReentrant whenNotPaused {
        _executeCastVote(msg.sender, pid, choice, weight, expectedRecipient);
    }

    /// @notice Cast vote using EIP-712 signature
    /// @param voter Address of the voter
    /// @param pid Proposal ID
    /// @param choice Vote choice (Against, For, Abstain)
    /// @param weight Voting weight to use (shares, 18 decimals)
    /// @param expectedRecipient Expected recipient address for the proposal
    /// @param deadline Expiration timestamp for the signature (seconds)
    /// @param v Signature parameter
    /// @param r Signature parameter
    /// @param s Signature parameter
    /// @custom:security Reentrancy protected; callable only when not paused; only during voting window
    function castVoteWithSignature(
        address voter,
        uint256 pid,
        VoteType choice,
        uint256 weight,
        address expectedRecipient,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external nonReentrant whenNotPaused {
        uint256 nonce = _getStorage().nonces[voter]++;
        _validateSignature(
            voter,
            keccak256(
                abi.encode(CAST_VOTE_TYPEHASH, voter, pid, uint8(choice), weight, expectedRecipient, nonce, deadline)
            ),
            deadline,
            v,
            r,
            s
        );
        _executeCastVote(voter, pid, choice, weight, expectedRecipient);
    }

    /// @dev Internal vote execution logic
    function _executeCastVote(
        address voter,
        uint256 pid,
        VoteType choice,
        uint256 weight,
        address expectedRecipient
    ) private {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();

        // Validate proposal
        if (!IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this)).validateProposalHook(pid)) revert InvalidProposal(pid);

        // Check if proposal is canceled
        Proposal storage p = s.proposals[pid];
        if (p.canceled) revert ProposalCanceledError(pid);

        // Verify recipient matches voter's expectation to prevent reorganization attacks
        if (p.recipient != expectedRecipient) revert RecipientMismatch(pid, expectedRecipient, p.recipient);

        // Cache storage timestamps to avoid multiple reads in error message
        uint256 votingStart = s.votingStartTime;
        uint256 votingEnd = s.votingEndTime;

        // Check voting window
        if (block.timestamp < votingStart || block.timestamp > votingEnd) {
            revert VotingClosed(block.timestamp, votingStart, votingEnd);
        }

        uint256 oldPower = s.votingPower[voter];
        if (weight == 0) revert InvalidWeight(weight, oldPower);
        if (weight > MAX_SAFE_VALUE) revert WeightTooLarge(weight, MAX_SAFE_VALUE);

        // Note: weight > oldPower check is redundant with processVoteHook's quadratic cost validation
        // The hook will revert with InsufficientVotingPowerForQuadraticCost if weight^2 > oldPower
        uint256 newPower = IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this)).processVoteHook(
            pid,
            voter,
            uint8(choice),
            weight,
            oldPower
        );
        if (newPower > oldPower) revert PowerIncreased(oldPower, newPower);

        s.votingPower[voter] = newPower;
        emit VotesCast(voter, pid, weight);
    }

    // ---------- Vote Tally Finalization ----------

    /// @notice Finalize vote tally once voting period has ended
    /// @custom:security Only owner; reentrancy protected
    function finalizeVoteTally() external onlyOwner nonReentrant {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();

        if (block.timestamp <= s.votingEndTime) revert VotingNotEnded(block.timestamp, s.votingEndTime);

        if (s.tallyFinalized) revert TallyAlreadyFinalized();

        if (!IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this)).beforeFinalizeVoteTallyHook()) revert FinalizationBlocked();

        // Set total assets using strategy-specific calculation
        // This allows for custom logic like matching pools in quadratic funding
        s.totalAssets = IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this)).calculateTotalAssetsHook();

        // Set global redemption start time for all proposals
        s.globalRedemptionStart = block.timestamp + s.timelockDelay;
        s.globalRedemptionEndTime = s.globalRedemptionStart + s.gracePeriod;
        s.tallyFinalizedTime = block.timestamp;

        s.tallyFinalized = true;
        emit VoteTallyFinalized();
        emit GlobalRedemptionPeriodSet(s.globalRedemptionStart, s.globalRedemptionEndTime);
    }

    // ---------- Queue Proposal ----------

    /// @notice Queue proposal and trigger share distribution
    /// @param pid Proposal ID to queue
    /// @custom:security Reentrancy protected; callable only after tally finalized and before redemption
    function queueProposal(uint256 pid) external nonReentrant {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();

        if (!s.tallyFinalized) revert TallyNotFinalized();
        // Check if redemption period has started - no new queuing after redemption begins
        if (s.globalRedemptionStart != 0 && block.timestamp >= s.globalRedemptionStart) {
            revert QueueingClosedAfterRedemption();
        }
        if (!IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this)).validateProposalHook(pid)) revert InvalidProposal(pid);

        Proposal storage p = s.proposals[pid];
        if (p.canceled) revert ProposalCanceledError(pid);

        if (!IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this)).hasQuorumHook(pid)) revert NoQuorum(pid, 0, 0, s.quorumShares);

        if (s.proposalShares[pid] != 0) revert AlreadyQueued(pid);

        uint256 sharesToMint = IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this)).convertVotesToShares(pid);
        if (sharesToMint == 0) revert NoAllocation(pid, sharesToMint);

        s.proposalShares[pid] = sharesToMint;

        address recipient = IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this)).getRecipientAddressHook(pid);

        // Try custom distribution hook first
        (bool customDistributionHandled, uint256 assetsTransferred) = IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this))
            .requestCustomDistributionHook(recipient, sharesToMint);

        // If custom distribution was handled, update totalAssets to reflect assets transferred out
        if (customDistributionHandled) {
            if (assetsTransferred > s.totalAssets) revert InsufficientAssets(assetsTransferred, s.totalAssets);
            s.totalAssets -= assetsTransferred;
        } else {
            // If custom distribution wasn't handled, mint shares by default
            _mint(s, recipient, sharesToMint);
        }

        emit ProposalQueued(pid, s.globalRedemptionStart, sharesToMint);
    }

    // ---------- State Machine ----------

    /// @notice Get the current state of a proposal
    /// @param pid Proposal ID
    /// @return Current state of the proposal
    function state(uint256 pid) external view returns (ProposalState) {
        if (!IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this)).validateProposalHook(pid)) revert InvalidProposal(pid);
        return _state(pid);
    }

    /// @dev Internal state computation for a proposal with direct time range checks
    function _state(uint256 pid) internal view returns (ProposalState) {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();
        Proposal storage p = s.proposals[pid];

        if (p.canceled) return ProposalState.Canceled;

        // Check if proposal failed quorum (defeated proposals never change state)
        if (s.tallyFinalized && !IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this)).hasQuorumHook(pid)) {
            return ProposalState.Defeated;
        }

        // Before voting starts (Pending or Delay phases)
        if (block.timestamp < s.votingStartTime) {
            return ProposalState.Pending;
        }
        // During voting period or before tally finalized
        else if (block.timestamp <= s.votingEndTime) {
            return ProposalState.Active;
        }
        // After voting ends but before tally finalized
        else if (!s.tallyFinalized) {
            return ProposalState.Tallying;
        }

        uint256 shares = s.proposalShares[pid];

        // After tally finalized - check if queued or succeeded
        if (s.globalRedemptionStart != 0 && block.timestamp < s.globalRedemptionStart) {
            return shares == 0 ? ProposalState.Succeeded : ProposalState.Queued;
        }
        // During redemption period
        else if (s.globalRedemptionEndTime != 0 && block.timestamp <= s.globalRedemptionEndTime) {
            return shares == 0 ? ProposalState.Succeeded : ProposalState.Redeemable;
        }
        // After redemption period (grace period expired)
        else {
            return ProposalState.Expired;
        }
    }

    // ---------- Proposal Management ----------

    /// @notice Cancel a proposal
    /// @dev Can only be called before vote tally is finalized. After finalization, all proposals are immutable.
    /// @dev This prevents race conditions and ensures coordinators can verify all proposals before committing.
    /// @param pid Proposal ID to cancel
    function cancelProposal(uint256 pid) external nonReentrant {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();

        // Prevent cancellation after finalization - proposals become immutable
        if (s.tallyFinalized) revert TallyAlreadyFinalized();

        if (!IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this)).validateProposalHook(pid)) revert InvalidProposal(pid);

        Proposal storage p = s.proposals[pid];
        if (msg.sender != p.proposer) revert NotProposer(msg.sender, p.proposer);
        if (p.canceled) revert AlreadyCanceled(pid);

        p.canceled = true;
        uint256 trackedPid = s.activeProposalByRecipient[p.recipient];
        if (trackedPid == pid) {
            delete s.activeProposalByRecipient[p.recipient];
        }
        emit ProposalCanceled(pid, p.proposer);
    }

    // ---------- View Functions ----------

    /// @notice Get total number of proposals created
    function getProposalCount() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getStorage().proposalIdCounter;
    }

    // Public getters for storage access
    /// @notice Returns the mechanism name
    function name() external view returns (string memory) {
        return _getStorage().name;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the mechanism symbol
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory) {
        return _getStorage().symbol;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the underlying asset
    function asset() external view returns (IERC20) {
        return _getStorage().asset;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the current owner
    function owner() external view returns (address) {
        return _getStorage().owner;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the pending owner awaiting acceptance
    function pendingOwner() external view returns (address) {
        return _getStorage().pendingOwner;
    }

    /// @notice Returns whether vote tally has been finalized
    function tallyFinalized() external view returns (bool) {
        return _getStorage().tallyFinalized;
    }

    /// @notice Returns proposal data for a given proposal ID
    function proposals(uint256 pid) external view returns (Proposal memory) {
        return _getStorage().proposals[pid];
    }

    /// @notice Returns the voting power for a user
    function votingPower(address user) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getStorage().votingPower[user];
    }

    /// @notice Returns allocated shares for a proposal
    function proposalShares(uint256 pid) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getStorage().proposalShares[pid];
    }

    // Configuration getters
    /// @notice Returns the block number when mechanism was initialized
    function startBlock() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getStorage().startBlock;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the voting delay period in blocks
    function votingDelay() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getStorage().votingDelay;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the voting period duration in blocks
    function votingPeriod() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getStorage().votingPeriod;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the minimum shares required for quorum
    function quorumShares() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getStorage().quorumShares;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the timelock delay in seconds
    function timelockDelay() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getStorage().timelockDelay;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the grace period duration in seconds
    function gracePeriod() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getStorage().gracePeriod;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the global redemption start timestamp
    function globalRedemptionStart() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getStorage().globalRedemptionStart;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the voting start timestamp
    function votingStartTime() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getStorage().votingStartTime;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the voting end timestamp
    function votingEndTime() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getStorage().votingEndTime;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the mechanism start timestamp
    function startTime() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getStorage().startTime;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the current nonce for an address
    /// @param account Address to check nonce for
    /// @return Current nonce for permit operations
    function nonces(address account) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getStorage().nonces[account];
    }

    // ---------- Emergency Functions ----------

    /// @notice Initiate ownership transfer to a new address (step 1 of 2)
    /// @param newOwner Address to transfer ownership to
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) external onlyOwner {
        if (newOwner == address(0)) revert Unauthorized();
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();
        s.pendingOwner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferInitiated(s.owner, newOwner);
    }

    /// @notice Accept ownership transfer (step 2 of 2)
    /// @dev Must be called by the pending owner to complete the transfer
    function acceptOwnership() external {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();
        address pending = s.pendingOwner;
        if (msg.sender != pending) revert Unauthorized();

        address oldOwner = s.owner;
        s.owner = pending;
        s.pendingOwner = address(0);
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, pending);
    }

    /// @notice Cancel pending ownership transfer
    /// @dev Can only be called by current owner
    function cancelOwnershipTransfer() external onlyOwner {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();
        if (s.pendingOwner == address(0)) revert Unauthorized();

        address canceledPendingOwner = s.pendingOwner;
        s.pendingOwner = address(0);
        emit OwnershipTransferCanceled(s.owner, canceledPendingOwner);
    }

    /// @notice Update keeper address
    function setKeeper(address newKeeper) external onlyOwner {
        if (newKeeper == address(0)) revert Unauthorized();
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();
        address oldKeeper = s.keeper;
        s.keeper = newKeeper;
        emit KeeperUpdated(oldKeeper, newKeeper);
    }

    /// @notice Update management address
    function setManagement(address newManagement) external onlyOwner {
        if (newManagement == address(0)) revert Unauthorized();
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();
        address oldManagement = s.management;
        s.management = newManagement;
        emit ManagementUpdated(oldManagement, newManagement);
    }

    /// @notice Emergency pause all operations
    function pause() external onlyOwner {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();
        s.paused = true;
        emit PausedStatusChanged(true);
    }

    /// @notice Resume operations after pause
    function unpause() external onlyOwner {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();
        s.paused = false;
        emit PausedStatusChanged(false);
    }

    /// @notice Check if contract is paused
    function paused() external view returns (bool) {
        return _getStorage().paused;
    }

    /// @notice Sweep remaining tokens after grace period expires
    /// @dev Can only be called by owner after global grace period ends
    /// @param token Token to sweep (use address(0) for ETH)
    /// @param receiver Address to receive swept tokens
    function sweep(address token, address receiver) external onlyOwner nonReentrant {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();

        // Ensure grace period has expired for everyone
        require(s.globalRedemptionStart != 0, "Redemption period not started");
        require(block.timestamp > s.globalRedemptionEndTime, "Grace period not expired");
        require(receiver != address(0), "Invalid receiver");

        if (token == address(0)) {
            // Sweep ETH
            uint256 balance = address(this).balance;
            require(balance > 0, "No ETH to sweep");
            (bool success, ) = receiver.call{ value: balance }("");
            require(success, "ETH transfer failed");
            emit Swept(token, receiver, balance);
        } else {
            // Sweep any ERC20 token
            IERC20 tokenContract = IERC20(token);
            uint256 balance = tokenContract.balanceOf(address(this));
            require(balance > 0, "No tokens to sweep");
            tokenContract.safeTransfer(receiver, balance);
            emit Swept(token, receiver, balance);
        }
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        ALLOCATION VAULT FUNCTIONALITY
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @notice Redeems exactly `shares` from `shareOwner` and
     * sends `assets` of underlying tokens to `receiver`.
     * @param shares Amount of shares to burn
     * @param receiver Address to receive withdrawn assets
     * @param shareOwner Address whose shares are burned
     * @return assetsWithdrawn Actual amount of underlying withdrawn in asset base units
     * @dev Reverts with "ZERO_ASSETS" if shares amount rounds to 0 assets
     * @dev Reverts with "redeem more than max" if shares > maxRedeem(shareOwner)
     */
    function redeem(uint256 shares, address receiver, address shareOwner) external nonReentrant returns (uint256) {
        // Get the storage slot for all following calls.
        AllocationStorage storage S = _getStorage();
        require(shares <= _maxRedeem(S, shareOwner), "Allocation: redeem more than max");
        // slither-disable-next-line uninitialized-local
        uint256 assets;
        // Check for rounding error or 0 value.
        require((assets = _convertToAssets(S, shares, Math.Rounding.Floor)) != 0, "ZERO_ASSETS");

        // We need to return the actual amount withdrawn.
        return _withdraw(S, receiver, shareOwner, assets, shares);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the total amount of assets this strategy holds
     * as of the last report.
     *
     * We manually track `totalAssets` to avoid any PPS manipulation.
     *
     * @return totalAssets_ Total assets the strategy holds.
     */
    function totalAssets() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _totalAssets(_getStorage());
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the current supply of the strategies shares.
     *
     * Locked shares issued to the strategy from profits are not
     * counted towards the full supply until they are unlocked.
     *
     * As more shares slowly unlock the totalSupply will decrease
     * causing the PPS of the strategy to increase.
     *
     * @return totalSupply_ Total amount of shares outstanding.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply(_getStorage());
    }

    /**
     * @notice The amount of shares that the strategy would
     *  exchange for the amount of assets provided, in an
     * ideal scenario where all the conditions are met.
     *
     * @param assets Amount of underlying assets
     * @return shares_ Expected shares that assets represent
     */
    function convertToShares(uint256 assets) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToShares(_getStorage(), assets, Math.Rounding.Floor);
    }

    /**
     * @notice The amount of assets that the strategy would
     * exchange for the amount of shares provided, in an
     * ideal scenario where all the conditions are met.
     *
     * @param shares Amount of strategy shares
     * @return assets_ Expected assets the shares represent in asset base units
     */
    function convertToAssets(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToAssets(_getStorage(), shares, Math.Rounding.Floor);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate
     * the effects of their redemption at the current block,
     * given current on-chain conditions.
     * @dev This will round down.
     *
     * @param shares Amount of shares to redeem
     * @return assets_ Amount of assets that would be returned in asset base units
     */
    function previewRedeem(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256) {
        AllocationStorage storage s = _getStorage();

        // Return 0 if outside redemption period [t_r_start, t_r_end]
        if (s.globalRedemptionStart == 0 || block.timestamp < s.globalRedemptionStart) {
            return 0; // Before redemption period starts
        }

        if (s.globalRedemptionEndTime != 0 && block.timestamp > s.globalRedemptionEndTime) {
            return 0; // After redemption period ends
        }

        return _convertToAssets(s, shares, Math.Rounding.Floor);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Total number of strategy shares that can be
     * redeemed from the strategy by `shareOwner`, where `shareOwner`
     * corresponds to the msg.sender of a {redeem} call.
     *
     * @param shareOwner Address that owns the shares
     * @return _maxRedeem Maximum shares that can be redeemed
     */
    function maxRedeem(address shareOwner) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _maxRedeem(_getStorage(), shareOwner);
    }

    /// @notice Returns the management address
    function management() external view returns (address) {
        return _getStorage().management;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the keeper address
    function keeper() external view returns (address) {
        return _getStorage().keeper;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the decimals used for the token (always 18)
    function decimals() external pure returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the balance of an account
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _balanceOf(_getStorage(), account);
    }

    /// @notice Returns the allowance of a spender for a token owner
    function allowance(address tokenOwner, address spender) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _allowance(_getStorage(), tokenOwner, spender);
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                    INTERNAL VAULT VIEW METHODS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {totalAssets}.
    function _totalAssets(AllocationStorage storage S) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return S.totalAssets;
    }

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {totalSupply}.
    function _totalSupply(AllocationStorage storage S) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return S.totalSupply;
    }

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {convertToShares}.
    function _convertToShares(
        AllocationStorage storage S,
        uint256 assets,
        Math.Rounding _rounding
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        // Saves an extra SLOAD if values are non-zero.
        uint256 totalSupply_ = _totalSupply(S);
        // If supply is 0, convert assets from asset decimals to 18 decimals (share decimals)
        if (totalSupply_ == 0) {
            uint8 assetDecimals = S.decimals;
            if (assetDecimals == 18) {
                return assets;
            } else if (assetDecimals < 18) {
                // Scale up: multiply by 10^(18 - assetDecimals)
                uint256 scaleFactor = 10 ** (18 - assetDecimals);
                return assets * scaleFactor;
            } else {
                // Scale down: divide by 10^(assetDecimals - 18)
                uint256 scaleFactor = 10 ** (assetDecimals - 18);
                return assets / scaleFactor;
            }
        }

        uint256 totalAssets_ = _totalAssets(S);
        // If assets are 0 but supply is not PPS = 0.
        if (totalAssets_ == 0) return 0;

        return assets.mulDiv(totalSupply_, totalAssets_, _rounding);
    }

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {convertToAssets}.
    function _convertToAssets(
        AllocationStorage storage S,
        uint256 shares,
        Math.Rounding _rounding
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        // Saves an extra SLOAD if totalSupply() is non-zero.
        uint256 supply = _totalSupply(S);

        if (supply == 0) {
            // Convert shares from 18 decimals to asset decimals
            uint8 assetDecimals = S.decimals;
            if (assetDecimals == 18) {
                return shares;
            } else if (assetDecimals < 18) {
                // Scale down: divide by 10^(18 - assetDecimals)
                uint256 scaleFactor = 10 ** (18 - assetDecimals);
                return shares / scaleFactor;
            } else {
                // Scale up: multiply by 10^(assetDecimals - 18)
                uint256 scaleFactor = 10 ** (assetDecimals - 18);
                return shares * scaleFactor;
            }
        }

        return shares.mulDiv(_totalAssets(S), supply, _rounding);
    }

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {maxRedeem}.
    function _maxRedeem(AllocationStorage storage S, address shareOwner) internal view returns (uint256 maxRedeem_) {
        // Get the max the owner could withdraw currently.
        maxRedeem_ = IBaseAllocationStrategy(address(this)).availableWithdrawLimit(shareOwner);

        // Conversion would overflow and saves a min check if there is no withdrawal limit.
        if (maxRedeem_ == type(uint256).max) {
            maxRedeem_ = _balanceOf(S, shareOwner);
        } else {
            maxRedeem_ = Math.min(
                // Can't redeem more than the balance.
                _convertToShares(S, maxRedeem_, Math.Rounding.Floor),
                _balanceOf(S, shareOwner)
            );
        }
    }

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {balanceOf}.
    function _balanceOf(AllocationStorage storage S, address account) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return S.balances[account];
    }

    /// @dev Internal implementation of {allowance}.
    function _allowance(
        AllocationStorage storage S,
        address tokenOwner,
        address spender
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return S.allowances[tokenOwner][spender];
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                    INTERNAL VAULT WRITE METHODS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @dev To be called during {redeem} and {withdraw}.
     *
     * This will handle all logic, transfers and accounting
     * in order to service the withdraw request.
     */
    function _withdraw(
        AllocationStorage storage S,
        address receiver,
        address shareOwner,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares
    ) internal returns (uint256) {
        require(receiver != address(0), "ZERO ADDRESS");

        // Spend allowance if applicable.
        if (msg.sender != shareOwner) {
            _spendAllowance(S, shareOwner, msg.sender, shares);
        }

        // Cache `asset` since it is used multiple times..
        ERC20 _asset = ERC20(address(S.asset));

        // Ensure sufficient balance for withdrawal
        uint256 idle = _asset.balanceOf(address(this));
        require(idle >= assets, "Insufficient balance for withdrawal");

        // Update assets based on how much we took.
        S.totalAssets -= assets;

        _burn(S, shareOwner, shares);

        // Transfer the amount of underlying to the receiver.
        _asset.safeTransfer(receiver, assets);

        emit Withdraw(msg.sender, receiver, shareOwner, assets, shares);

        // Return the actual amount of assets withdrawn.
        return assets;
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        ERC20 METHODS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /**
     * @notice Transfer '_amount` of shares from `msg.sender` to `to`.
     * @dev
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the address of the strategy.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `_amount`.
     *
     * @param to Address receiving the shares
     * @param amount Amount of shares to transfer
     * @return success True if operation succeeded
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool) {
        _transfer(_getStorage(), msg.sender, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     * @dev
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * @param spender the address to allow the shares to be moved by.
     * @param amount the amount of shares to allow `spender` to move.
     * @return success True if the operation succeeded.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool) {
        _approve(_getStorage(), msg.sender, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * @dev
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the address of the strategy.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * @param from the address to be moving shares from.
     * @param to the address to be moving shares to.
     * @param amount the quantity of shares to move.
     * @return success True if the operation succeeded.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool) {
        AllocationStorage storage S = _getStorage();
        _spendAllowance(S, from, msg.sender, amount);
        _transfer(S, from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the strategies address
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     *
     */
    function _transfer(AllocationStorage storage S, address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");
        require(to != address(this), "ERC20 transfer to strategy");

        // Only allow transfers during redemption period [globalRedemptionStart, globalRedemptionEndTime]
        // Before finalization: globalRedemptionEndTime is 0, so block.timestamp > 0 blocks transfers
        // After finalization: both timestamps are set, creating the valid redemption window
        if (block.timestamp < S.globalRedemptionStart || block.timestamp > S.globalRedemptionEndTime) {
            revert("Transfers only allowed during redemption period");
        }

        S.balances[from] -= amount;
        unchecked {
            S.balances[to] += amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     */
    function _mint(AllocationStorage storage S, address account, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        S.totalSupply += amount;
        unchecked {
            S.balances[account] += amount;
        }
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(AllocationStorage storage S, address account, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        S.balances[account] -= amount;
        unchecked {
            S.totalSupply -= amount;
        }
        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(AllocationStorage storage S, address tokenOwner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(tokenOwner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        S.allowances[tokenOwner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(tokenOwner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(
        AllocationStorage storage S,
        address tokenOwner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal {
        uint256 currentAllowance = _allowance(S, tokenOwner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(S, tokenOwner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import { QuadraticVotingMechanism } from "./QuadraticVotingMechanism.sol";
import { IAddressSet } from "src/utils/IAddressSet.sol";
import { AccessMode } from "src/constants.sol";
import { AllocationConfig, TokenizedAllocationMechanism } from "src/mechanisms/BaseAllocationMechanism.sol";
import { NotInAllowset, InBlockset } from "src/errors.sol";

/// @title Octant Quadratic Funding Mechanism
/// @author [Golem Foundation](https://golem.foundation)
/// @custom:security-contact security@golem.foundation
/// @notice Quadratic funding mechanism with configurable signup access control.
/// @dev Extends `QuadraticVotingMechanism` and integrates allowset/blockset access modes
///      to restrict who can register during contribution windows. Owner-only control via
///      underlying `TokenizedAllocationMechanism` ownership checks.
contract OctantQFMechanism is QuadraticVotingMechanism {
    /// @notice Current access mode for signup eligibility (NONE, ALLOWSET, BLOCKSET)
    AccessMode public contributionAccessMode;
    /// @notice Address set used when `contributionAccessMode == ALLOWSET`
    IAddressSet public contributionAllowset;
    /// @notice Address set used when `contributionAccessMode == BLOCKSET`
    IAddressSet public contributionBlockset;

    /// @notice Emitted when the allowset contract is assigned
    /// @param allowset New allowset contract
    event ContributionAllowsetAssigned(IAddressSet indexed allowset);
    /// @notice Emitted when the blockset contract is assigned
    /// @param blockset New blockset contract
    event ContributionBlocksetAssigned(IAddressSet indexed blockset);
    /// @notice Emitted when the contribution access mode is updated
    /// @param mode New access mode (NONE, ALLOWSET, BLOCKSET)
    event AccessModeSet(AccessMode indexed mode);

    /// @notice Construct a new OctantQF mechanism
    /// @param _implementation Address of shared TokenizedAllocationMechanism implementation
    /// @param _config Allocation configuration struct
    /// @param _alphaNumerator Alpha numerator (dimensionless; 1.0 = denominator)
    /// @param _alphaDenominator Alpha denominator (must be > 0)
    /// @param _contributionAllowset Address set used in ALLOWSET mode
    /// @param _contributionBlockset Address set used in BLOCKSET mode
    /// @param _contributionAccessMode Initial access mode (NONE, ALLOWSET, BLOCKSET)
    constructor(
        address _implementation,
        AllocationConfig memory _config,
        uint256 _alphaNumerator,
        uint256 _alphaDenominator,
        IAddressSet _contributionAllowset,
        IAddressSet _contributionBlockset,
        AccessMode _contributionAccessMode
    ) QuadraticVotingMechanism(_implementation, _config, _alphaNumerator, _alphaDenominator) {
        contributionAllowset = _contributionAllowset;
        contributionBlockset = _contributionBlockset;
        contributionAccessMode = _contributionAccessMode;

        emit ContributionAllowsetAssigned(_contributionAllowset);
        emit ContributionBlocksetAssigned(_contributionBlockset);
        emit AccessModeSet(_contributionAccessMode);
    }

    /// @notice Hook to validate user eligibility during signup
    /// @param user Address attempting to register
    /// @return True if registration should proceed
    /// @dev Reverts with specific error messages for unauthorized users
    function _beforeSignupHook(address user) internal view virtual override returns (bool) {
        if (!_isUserAuthorized(user)) {
            if (contributionAccessMode == AccessMode.ALLOWSET) {
                revert NotInAllowset(user);
            } else {
                revert InBlockset(user);
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /// @dev Internal helper to check access control without reverting
    /// @param user Address to check
    /// @return True if user passes access control checks, false otherwise
    function _isUserAuthorized(address user) internal view returns (bool) {
        if (contributionAccessMode == AccessMode.ALLOWSET) {
            return contributionAllowset.contains(user);
        } else if (contributionAccessMode == AccessMode.BLOCKSET) {
            return !contributionBlockset.contains(user);
        }
        return true;
    }

    /// @notice Sets the contribution allowset (for ALLOWSET mode)
    /// @param _allowset New allowset contract address
    /// @dev Non-retroactive. Existing voting power is not affected.
    /// @custom:security Only owner via underlying mechanism ownership check
    function setContributionAllowset(IAddressSet _allowset) external {
        require(_tokenizedAllocation().owner() == msg.sender, "Only owner");
        contributionAllowset = _allowset;
        emit ContributionAllowsetAssigned(_allowset);
    }

    /// @notice Sets the contribution blockset (for BLOCKSET mode)
    /// @param _blockset New blockset contract address
    /// @dev Non-retroactive. Existing voting power is not affected.
    /// @custom:security Only owner via underlying mechanism ownership check
    function setContributionBlockset(IAddressSet _blockset) external {
        require(_tokenizedAllocation().owner() == msg.sender, "Only owner");
        contributionBlockset = _blockset;
        emit ContributionBlocksetAssigned(_blockset);
    }

    /// @notice Sets the contribution access mode
    /// @param _mode New access mode (NONE, ALLOWSET, or BLOCKSET)
    /// @dev Only allowed before voting starts or after tally finalization.
    ///      Non-retroactive. Existing voting power is not affected.
    /// @custom:security Only owner via underlying mechanism; blocked during active voting
    function setAccessMode(AccessMode _mode) external {
        TokenizedAllocationMechanism tam = _tokenizedAllocation();
        require(tam.owner() == msg.sender, "Only owner");

        // Safety check: Prevent mode switching during active voting or before finalization
        // This prevents attackers from gaining voting power mid-vote or front-running mode switches
        bool beforeVoting = block.timestamp < tam.votingStartTime();
        bool afterFinalization = tam.tallyFinalized();
        require(
            beforeVoting || afterFinalization,
            "Mode changes only allowed before voting starts or after tally finalization"
        );

        contributionAccessMode = _mode;
        emit AccessModeSet(_mode);
    }

    /// @notice Checks if a user is eligible to signup/contribute based on current access mode
    /// @dev Required for allocation mechanism to be compatible with RegenStaker.
    ///      Used for defense-in-depth checks. Respects contributionAccessMode:
    ///      NONE: always returns true
    ///      ALLOWSET: returns true if user is in contributionAllowset
    ///      BLOCKSET: returns true if user is NOT in contributionBlockset
    /// @param user Address to check
    /// @return canSignup_ True if user can signup, false otherwise
    function canSignup(address user) external view returns (bool) {
        return _isUserAuthorized(user);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.25;

// Centralized custom errors for gas-efficient reverts across Octant contracts.
// Using custom errors saves ~50 bytes per error vs require(condition, "string").

error Unauthorized();
error ZeroAddress();
error ReentrancyGuard__ReentrantCall();
error ZeroShares();
error ZeroAssets();
error ERC20InsufficientBalance();
error AlreadyInitialized();

error NotInAllowset(address user);
error InBlockset(address user);

error TokenizedStrategy__NotEmergencyAuthorized();
error TokenizedStrategy__NotKeeperOrManagement();
error TokenizedStrategy__NotOperator();
error TokenizedStrategy__NotManagement();
error TokenizedStrategy__NotRegenGovernance();
error TokenizedStrategy__AlreadyInitialized();
error TokenizedStrategy__DepositMoreThanMax();
error TokenizedStrategy__MintMoreThanMax();
error TokenizedStrategy__InvalidMaxLoss();
error TokenizedStrategy__TransferFromZeroAddress();
error TokenizedStrategy__TransferToZeroAddress();
error TokenizedStrategy__TransferToStrategy();
error TokenizedStrategy__MintToZeroAddress();
error TokenizedStrategy__BurnFromZeroAddress();
error TokenizedStrategy__ApproveFromZeroAddress();
error TokenizedStrategy__ApproveToZeroAddress();
error TokenizedStrategy__InsufficientAllowance();
error TokenizedStrategy__PermitDeadlineExpired();
error TokenizedStrategy__InvalidSigner();
error TokenizedStrategy__TransferFailed();
error TokenizedStrategy__NotSelf();
error TokenizedStrategy__WithdrawMoreThanMax();
error TokenizedStrategy__RedeemMoreThanMax();
error TokenizedStrategy__NotPendingManagement();
error TokenizedStrategy__StrategyNotInShutdown();
error TokenizedStrategy__TooMuchLoss();

error BaseStrategy__NotSelf();

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC-20 standard as defined in the ERC.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
     * caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `value` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (interfaces/IERC1363.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "./IERC20.sol";
import {IERC165} from "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @title IERC1363
 * @dev Interface of the ERC-1363 standard as defined in the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1363[ERC-1363].
 *
 * Defines an extension interface for ERC-20 tokens that supports executing code on a recipient contract
 * after `transfer` or `transferFrom`, or code on a spender contract after `approve`, in a single transaction.
 */
interface IERC1363 is IERC20, IERC165 {
    /*
     * Note: the ERC-165 identifier for this interface is 0xb0202a11.
     * 0xb0202a11 ===
     *   bytes4(keccak256('transferAndCall(address,uint256)')) ^
     *   bytes4(keccak256('transferAndCall(address,uint256,bytes)')) ^
     *   bytes4(keccak256('transferFromAndCall(address,address,uint256)')) ^
     *   bytes4(keccak256('transferFromAndCall(address,address,uint256,bytes)')) ^
     *   bytes4(keccak256('approveAndCall(address,uint256)')) ^
     *   bytes4(keccak256('approveAndCall(address,uint256,bytes)'))
     */

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`
     * and then calls {IERC1363Receiver-onTransferReceived} on `to`.
     * @param to The address which you want to transfer to.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be transferred.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function transferAndCall(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`
     * and then calls {IERC1363Receiver-onTransferReceived} on `to`.
     * @param to The address which you want to transfer to.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be transferred.
     * @param data Additional data with no specified format, sent in call to `to`.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function transferAndCall(address to, uint256 value, bytes calldata data) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the allowance mechanism
     * and then calls {IERC1363Receiver-onTransferReceived} on `to`.
     * @param from The address which you want to send tokens from.
     * @param to The address which you want to transfer to.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be transferred.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function transferFromAndCall(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the allowance mechanism
     * and then calls {IERC1363Receiver-onTransferReceived} on `to`.
     * @param from The address which you want to send tokens from.
     * @param to The address which you want to transfer to.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be transferred.
     * @param data Additional data with no specified format, sent in call to `to`.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function transferFromAndCall(address from, address to, uint256 value, bytes calldata data) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
     * caller's tokens and then calls {IERC1363Spender-onApprovalReceived} on `spender`.
     * @param spender The address which will spend the funds.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be spent.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function approveAndCall(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
     * caller's tokens and then calls {IERC1363Spender-onApprovalReceived} on `spender`.
     * @param spender The address which will spend the funds.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be spent.
     * @param data Additional data with no specified format, sent in call to `spender`.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function approveAndCall(address spender, uint256 value, bytes calldata data) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (utils/cryptography/MessageHashUtils.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Strings} from "../Strings.sol";

/**
 * @dev Signature message hash utilities for producing digests to be consumed by {ECDSA} recovery or signing.
 *
 * The library provides methods for generating a hash of a message that conforms to the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191[ERC-191] and https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712]
 * specifications.
 */
library MessageHashUtils {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an ERC-191 signed data with version
     * `0x45` (`personal_sign` messages).
     *
     * The digest is calculated by prefixing a bytes32 `messageHash` with
     * `"\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32"` and hashing the result. It corresponds with the
     * hash signed when using the https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_sign[`eth_sign`] JSON-RPC method.
     *
     * NOTE: The `messageHash` parameter is intended to be the result of hashing a raw message with
     * keccak256, although any bytes32 value can be safely used because the final digest will
     * be re-hashed.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 messageHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 digest) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            mstore(0x00, "\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32") // 32 is the bytes-length of messageHash
            mstore(0x1c, messageHash) // 0x1c (28) is the length of the prefix
            digest := keccak256(0x00, 0x3c) // 0x3c is the length of the prefix (0x1c) + messageHash (0x20)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an ERC-191 signed data with version
     * `0x45` (`personal_sign` messages).
     *
     * The digest is calculated by prefixing an arbitrary `message` with
     * `"\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n" + len(message)` and hashing the result. It corresponds with the
     * hash signed when using the https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_sign[`eth_sign`] JSON-RPC method.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory message) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(bytes.concat("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n", bytes(Strings.toString(message.length)), message));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an ERC-191 signed data with version
     * `0x00` (data with intended validator).
     *
     * The digest is calculated by prefixing an arbitrary `data` with `"\x19\x00"` and the intended
     * `validator` address. Then hashing the result.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toDataWithIntendedValidatorHash(address validator, bytes memory data) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(hex"19_00", validator, data));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {toDataWithIntendedValidatorHash-address-bytes} optimized for cases where `data` is a bytes32.
     */
    function toDataWithIntendedValidatorHash(
        address validator,
        bytes32 messageHash
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 digest) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            mstore(0x00, hex"19_00")
            mstore(0x02, shl(96, validator))
            mstore(0x16, messageHash)
            digest := keccak256(0x00, 0x36)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-712 typed data (ERC-191 version `0x01`).
     *
     * The digest is calculated from a `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`, by prefixing them with
     * `\x19\x01` and hashing the result. It corresponds to the hash signed by the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`] JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 digest) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, hex"19_01")
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x02), domainSeparator)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x22), structHash)
            digest := keccak256(ptr, 0x42)
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (utils/ShortStrings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {StorageSlot} from "./StorageSlot.sol";

// | string  | 0xAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA   |
// | length  | 0x                                                              BB |
type ShortString is bytes32;

/**
 * @dev This library provides functions to convert short memory strings
 * into a `ShortString` type that can be used as an immutable variable.
 *
 * Strings of arbitrary length can be optimized using this library if
 * they are short enough (up to 31 bytes) by packing them with their
 * length (1 byte) in a single EVM word (32 bytes). Additionally, a
 * fallback mechanism can be used for every other case.
 *
 * Usage example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * contract Named {
 *     using ShortStrings for *;
 *
 *     ShortString private immutable _name;
 *     string private _nameFallback;
 *
 *     constructor(string memory contractName) {
 *         _name = contractName.toShortStringWithFallback(_nameFallback);
 *     }
 *
 *     function name() external view returns (string memory) {
 *         return _name.toStringWithFallback(_nameFallback);
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 */
library ShortStrings {
    // Used as an identifier for strings longer than 31 bytes.
    bytes32 private constant FALLBACK_SENTINEL = 0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000FF;

    error StringTooLong(string str);
    error InvalidShortString();

    /**
     * @dev Encode a string of at most 31 chars into a `ShortString`.
     *
     * This will trigger a `StringTooLong` error is the input string is too long.
     */
    function toShortString(string memory str) internal pure returns (ShortString) {
        bytes memory bstr = bytes(str);
        if (bstr.length > 31) {
            revert StringTooLong(str);
        }
        return ShortString.wrap(bytes32(uint256(bytes32(bstr)) | bstr.length));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decode a `ShortString` back to a "normal" string.
     */
    function toString(ShortString sstr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        uint256 len = byteLength(sstr);
        // using `new string(len)` would work locally but is not memory safe.
        string memory str = new string(32);
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            mstore(str, len)
            mstore(add(str, 0x20), sstr)
        }
        return str;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the length of a `ShortString`.
     */
    function byteLength(ShortString sstr) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = uint256(ShortString.unwrap(sstr)) & 0xFF;
        if (result > 31) {
            revert InvalidShortString();
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Encode a string into a `ShortString`, or write it to storage if it is too long.
     */
    function toShortStringWithFallback(string memory value, string storage store) internal returns (ShortString) {
        if (bytes(value).length < 32) {
            return toShortString(value);
        } else {
            StorageSlot.getStringSlot(store).value = value;
            return ShortString.wrap(FALLBACK_SENTINEL);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decode a string that was encoded to `ShortString` or written to storage using {toShortStringWithFallback}.
     */
    function toStringWithFallback(ShortString value, string storage store) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        if (ShortString.unwrap(value) != FALLBACK_SENTINEL) {
            return toString(value);
        } else {
            return store;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the length of a string that was encoded to `ShortString` or written to storage using
     * {toShortStringWithFallback}.
     *
     * WARNING: This will return the "byte length" of the string. This may not reflect the actual length in terms of
     * actual characters as the UTF-8 encoding of a single character can span over multiple bytes.
     */
    function byteLengthWithFallback(ShortString value, string storage store) internal view returns (uint256) {
        if (ShortString.unwrap(value) != FALLBACK_SENTINEL) {
            return byteLength(value);
        } else {
            return bytes(store).length;
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC5267.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

interface IERC5267 {
    /**
     * @dev MAY be emitted to signal that the domain could have changed.
     */
    event EIP712DomainChanged();

    /**
     * @dev returns the fields and values that describe the domain separator used by this contract for EIP-712
     * signature.
     */
    function eip712Domain()
        external
        view
        returns (
            bytes1 fields,
            string memory name,
            string memory version,
            uint256 chainId,
            address verifyingContract,
            bytes32 salt,
            uint256[] memory extensions
        );
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
pragma solidity ^0.8.23;

import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

/// @title DelegationSurrogate
/// @author [ScopeLift](https://scopelift.co)
/// @notice A dead-simple contract whose only purpose is to hold ERC20 tokens which can always be
/// moved by the Surrogate's deployer.
abstract contract DelegationSurrogate {
  /// @param _token The token that will be held by this surrogate.
  constructor(IERC20 _token) {
    _token.approve(msg.sender, type(uint256).max);
  }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
pragma solidity ^0.8.23;

import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

/// @title INotifiableRewardReceiver
/// @author [ScopeLift](https://scopelift.co)
/// @notice The communication interface between contracts that distribute rewards and the
/// Staker contract. In particular, said contracts only need to know the staker
/// implements the specified methods in order to forward payouts to the staker contract. The
/// Staker contract receives the rewards and abstracts the distribution mechanics.
interface INotifiableRewardReceiver {
  /// @notice ERC20 token in which rewards are denominated and distributed.
  function REWARD_TOKEN() external view returns (IERC20);

  /// @notice Method called to notify a reward receiver it has received a reward.
  /// @param _amount The amount of reward.
  function notifyRewardAmount(uint256 _amount) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (utils/Multicall.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Address} from "./Address.sol";
import {Context} from "./Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides a function to batch together multiple calls in a single external call.
 *
 * Consider any assumption about calldata validation performed by the sender may be violated if it's not especially
 * careful about sending transactions invoking {multicall}. For example, a relay address that filters function
 * selectors won't filter calls nested within a {multicall} operation.
 *
 * NOTE: Since 5.0.1 and 4.9.4, this contract identifies non-canonical contexts (i.e. `msg.sender` is not {Context-_msgSender}).
 * If a non-canonical context is identified, the following self `delegatecall` appends the last bytes of `msg.data`
 * to the subcall. This makes it safe to use with {ERC2771Context}. Contexts that don't affect the resolution of
 * {Context-_msgSender} are not propagated to subcalls.
 */
abstract contract Multicall is Context {
    /**
     * @dev Receives and executes a batch of function calls on this contract.
     * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow-reachable delegatecall
     */
    function multicall(bytes[] calldata data) external virtual returns (bytes[] memory results) {
        bytes memory context = msg.sender == _msgSender()
            ? new bytes(0)
            : msg.data[msg.data.length - _contextSuffixLength():];

        results = new bytes[](data.length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
            results[i] = Address.functionDelegateCall(address(this), bytes.concat(data[i], context));
        }
        return results;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/math/SafeCast.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/SafeCast.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's uintXX/intXX/bool casting operators with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Downcasting from uint256/int256 in Solidity does not revert on overflow. This can
 * easily result in undesired exploitation or bugs, since developers usually
 * assume that overflows raise errors. `SafeCast` restores this intuition by
 * reverting the transaction when such an operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeCast {
    /**
     * @dev Value doesn't fit in an uint of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(uint8 bits, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev An int value doesn't fit in an uint of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedIntToUint(int256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Value doesn't fit in an int of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(uint8 bits, int256 value);

    /**
     * @dev An uint value doesn't fit in an int of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedUintToInt(uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint248 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     */
    function toUint248(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint248) {
        if (value > type(uint248).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(248, value);
        }
        return uint248(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint240 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     */
    function toUint240(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint240) {
        if (value > type(uint240).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(240, value);
        }
        return uint240(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint232 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     */
    function toUint232(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint232) {
        if (value > type(uint232).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(232, value);
        }
        return uint232(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint224 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     */
    function toUint224(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint224) {
        if (value > type(uint224).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(224, value);
        }
        return uint224(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint216 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     */
    function toUint216(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint216) {
        if (value > type(uint216).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(216, value);
        }
        return uint216(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint208 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     */
    function toUint208(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint208) {
        if (value > type(uint208).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(208, value);
        }
        return uint208(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint200 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     */
    function toUint200(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint200) {
        if (value > type(uint200).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(200, value);
        }
        return uint200(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint192 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     */
    function toUint192(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint192) {
        if (value > type(uint192).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(192, value);
        }
        return uint192(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint184 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     */
    function toUint184(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint184) {
        if (value > type(uint184).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(184, value);
        }
        return uint184(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint176 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     */
    function toUint176(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint176) {
        if (value > type(uint176).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(176, value);
        }
        return uint176(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint168 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     */
    function toUint168(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint168) {
        if (value > type(uint168).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(168, value);
        }
        return uint168(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint160 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     */
    function toUint160(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint160) {
        if (value > type(uint160).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(160, value);
        }
        return uint160(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint152 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     */
    function toUint152(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint152) {
        if (value > type(uint152).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(152, value);
        }
        return uint152(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint144 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     */
    function toUint144(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint144) {
        if (value > type(uint144).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(144, value);
        }
        return uint144(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint136 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     */
    function toUint136(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint136) {
        if (value > type(uint136).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(136, value);
        }
        return uint136(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint128 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     */
    function toUint128(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        if (value > type(uint128).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(128, value);
        }
        return uint128(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint120 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     */
    function toUint120(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint120) {
        if (value > type(uint120).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(120, value);
        }
        return uint120(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint112 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     */
    function toUint112(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint112) {
        if (value > type(uint112).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(112, value);
        }
        return uint112(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint104 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     */
    function toUint104(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint104) {
        if (value > type(uint104).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(104, value);
        }
        return uint104(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint96 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     */
    function toUint96(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint96) {
        if (value > type(uint96).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(96, value);
        }
        return uint96(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint88 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     */
    function toUint88(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint88) {
        if (value > type(uint88).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(88, value);
        }
        return uint88(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint80 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     */
    function toUint80(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint80) {
        if (value > type(uint80).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(80, value);
        }
        return uint80(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint72 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     */
    function toUint72(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint72) {
        if (value > type(uint72).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(72, value);
        }
        return uint72(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint64 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     */
    function toUint64(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        if (value > type(uint64).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(64, value);
        }
        return uint64(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint56 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     */
    function toUint56(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint56) {
        if (value > type(uint56).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(56, value);
        }
        return uint56(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint48 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     */
    function toUint48(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint48) {
        if (value > type(uint48).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(48, value);
        }
        return uint48(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint40 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     */
    function toUint40(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint40) {
        if (value > type(uint40).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(40, value);
        }
        return uint40(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint32 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     */
    function toUint32(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        if (value > type(uint32).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(32, value);
        }
        return uint32(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint24 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     */
    function toUint24(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint24) {
        if (value > type(uint24).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(24, value);
        }
        return uint24(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint16 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     */
    function toUint16(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        if (value > type(uint16).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(16, value);
        }
        return uint16(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint8 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     */
    function toUint8(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        if (value > type(uint8).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(8, value);
        }
        return uint8(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a signed int256 into an unsigned uint256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be greater than or equal to 0.
     */
    function toUint256(int256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (value < 0) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntToUint(value);
        }
        return uint256(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int248 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int248 or
     * greater than largest int248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     */
    function toInt248(int256 value) internal pure returns (int248 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int248(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(248, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int240 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int240 or
     * greater than largest int240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     */
    function toInt240(int256 value) internal pure returns (int240 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int240(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(240, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int232 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int232 or
     * greater than largest int232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     */
    function toInt232(int256 value) internal pure returns (int232 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int232(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(232, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int224 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int224 or
     * greater than largest int224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     */
    function toInt224(int256 value) internal pure returns (int224 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int224(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(224, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int216 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int216 or
     * greater than largest int216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     */
    function toInt216(int256 value) internal pure returns (int216 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int216(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(216, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int208 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int208 or
     * greater than largest int208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     */
    function toInt208(int256 value) internal pure returns (int208 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int208(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(208, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int200 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int200 or
     * greater than largest int200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     */
    function toInt200(int256 value) internal pure returns (int200 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int200(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(200, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int192 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int192 or
     * greater than largest int192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     */
    function toInt192(int256 value) internal pure returns (int192 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int192(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(192, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int184 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int184 or
     * greater than largest int184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     */
    function toInt184(int256 value) internal pure returns (int184 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int184(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(184, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int176 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int176 or
     * greater than largest int176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     */
    function toInt176(int256 value) internal pure returns (int176 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int176(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(176, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int168 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int168 or
     * greater than largest int168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     */
    function toInt168(int256 value) internal pure returns (int168 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int168(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(168, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int160 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int160 or
     * greater than largest int160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     */
    function toInt160(int256 value) internal pure returns (int160 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int160(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(160, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int152 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int152 or
     * greater than largest int152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     */
    function toInt152(int256 value) internal pure returns (int152 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int152(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(152, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int144 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int144 or
     * greater than largest int144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     */
    function toInt144(int256 value) internal pure returns (int144 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int144(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(144, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int136 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int136 or
     * greater than largest int136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     */
    function toInt136(int256 value) internal pure returns (int136 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int136(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(136, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int128 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int128 or
     * greater than largest int128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     */
    function toInt128(int256 value) internal pure returns (int128 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int128(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(128, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int120 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int120 or
     * greater than largest int120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     */
    function toInt120(int256 value) internal pure returns (int120 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int120(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(120, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int112 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int112 or
     * greater than largest int112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     */
    function toInt112(int256 value) internal pure returns (int112 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int112(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(112, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int104 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int104 or
     * greater than largest int104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     */
    function toInt104(int256 value) internal pure returns (int104 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int104(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(104, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int96 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int96 or
     * greater than largest int96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     */
    function toInt96(int256 value) internal pure returns (int96 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int96(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(96, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int88 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int88 or
     * greater than largest int88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     */
    function toInt88(int256 value) internal pure returns (int88 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int88(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(88, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int80 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int80 or
     * greater than largest int80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     */
    function toInt80(int256 value) internal pure returns (int80 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int80(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(80, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int72 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int72 or
     * greater than largest int72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     */
    function toInt72(int256 value) internal pure returns (int72 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int72(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(72, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int64 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int64 or
     * greater than largest int64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     */
    function toInt64(int256 value) internal pure returns (int64 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int64(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(64, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int56 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int56 or
     * greater than largest int56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     */
    function toInt56(int256 value) internal pure returns (int56 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int56(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(56, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int48 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int48 or
     * greater than largest int48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     */
    function toInt48(int256 value) internal pure returns (int48 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int48(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(48, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int40 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int40 or
     * greater than largest int40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     */
    function toInt40(int256 value) internal pure returns (int40 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int40(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(40, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int32 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int32 or
     * greater than largest int32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     */
    function toInt32(int256 value) internal pure returns (int32 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int32(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(32, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int24 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int24 or
     * greater than largest int24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     */
    function toInt24(int256 value) internal pure returns (int24 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int24(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(24, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int16 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int16 or
     * greater than largest int16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     */
    function toInt16(int256 value) internal pure returns (int16 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int16(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(16, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int8 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int8 or
     * greater than largest int8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     */
    function toInt8(int256 value) internal pure returns (int8 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int8(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(8, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an unsigned uint256 into a signed int256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be less than or equal to maxInt256.
     */
    function toInt256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Note: Unsafe cast below is okay because `type(int256).max` is guaranteed to be positive
        if (value > uint256(type(int256).max)) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintToInt(value);
        }
        return int256(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Cast a boolean (false or true) to a uint256 (0 or 1) with no jump.
     */
    function toUint(bool b) internal pure returns (uint256 u) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            u := iszero(iszero(b))
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/cryptography/SignatureChecker.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {ECDSA} from "./ECDSA.sol";
import {IERC1271} from "../../interfaces/IERC1271.sol";

/**
 * @dev Signature verification helper that can be used instead of `ECDSA.recover` to seamlessly support both ECDSA
 * signatures from externally owned accounts (EOAs) as well as ERC-1271 signatures from smart contract wallets like
 * Argent and Safe Wallet (previously Gnosis Safe).
 */
library SignatureChecker {
    /**
     * @dev Checks if a signature is valid for a given signer and data hash. If the signer is a smart contract, the
     * signature is validated against that smart contract using ERC-1271, otherwise it's validated using `ECDSA.recover`.
     *
     * NOTE: Unlike ECDSA signatures, contract signatures are revocable, and the outcome of this function can thus
     * change through time. It could return true at block N and false at block N+1 (or the opposite).
     */
    function isValidSignatureNow(address signer, bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal view returns (bool) {
        if (signer.code.length == 0) {
            (address recovered, ECDSA.RecoverError err, ) = ECDSA.tryRecover(hash, signature);
            return err == ECDSA.RecoverError.NoError && recovered == signer;
        } else {
            return isValidERC1271SignatureNow(signer, hash, signature);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Checks if a signature is valid for a given signer and data hash. The signature is validated
     * against the signer smart contract using ERC-1271.
     *
     * NOTE: Unlike ECDSA signatures, contract signatures are revocable, and the outcome of this function can thus
     * change through time. It could return true at block N and false at block N+1 (or the opposite).
     */
    function isValidERC1271SignatureNow(
        address signer,
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes memory signature
    ) internal view returns (bool) {
        (bool success, bytes memory result) = signer.staticcall(
            abi.encodeCall(IERC1271.isValidSignature, (hash, signature))
        );
        return (success &&
            result.length >= 32 &&
            abi.decode(result, (bytes32)) == bytes32(IERC1271.isValidSignature.selector));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Nonces.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Provides tracking nonces for addresses. Nonces will only increment.
 */
abstract contract Nonces {
    /**
     * @dev The nonce used for an `account` is not the expected current nonce.
     */
    error InvalidAccountNonce(address account, uint256 currentNonce);

    mapping(address account => uint256) private _nonces;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the next unused nonce for an address.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _nonces[owner];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Consumes a nonce.
     *
     * Returns the current value and increments nonce.
     */
    function _useNonce(address owner) internal virtual returns (uint256) {
        // For each account, the nonce has an initial value of 0, can only be incremented by one, and cannot be
        // decremented or reset. This guarantees that the nonce never overflows.
        unchecked {
            // It is important to do x++ and not ++x here.
            return _nonces[owner]++;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {_useNonce} but checking that `nonce` is the next valid for `owner`.
     */
    function _useCheckedNonce(address owner, uint256 nonce) internal virtual {
        uint256 current = _useNonce(owner);
        if (nonce != current) {
            revert InvalidAccountNonce(owner, current);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "./IERC20.sol";
import {IERC20Metadata} from "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import {Context} from "../../utils/Context.sol";
import {IERC20Errors} from "../../interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC-20
 * applications.
 */
abstract contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata, IERC20Errors {
    mapping(address account => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address account => mapping(address spender => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * Both values are immutable: they can only be set once during construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `value`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `value` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Skips emitting an {Approval} event indicating an allowance update. This is not
     * required by the ERC. See {xref-ERC20-_approve-address-address-uint256-bool-}[_approve].
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `value`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `value`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, value);
        _transfer(from, to, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        if (from == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        _update(from, to, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`, or alternatively mints (or burns) if `from`
     * (or `to`) is the zero address. All customizations to transfers, mints, and burns should be done by overriding
     * this function.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal virtual {
        if (from == address(0)) {
            // Overflow check required: The rest of the code assumes that totalSupply never overflows
            _totalSupply += value;
        } else {
            uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
            if (fromBalance < value) {
                revert ERC20InsufficientBalance(from, fromBalance, value);
            }
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                _balances[from] = fromBalance - value;
            }
        }

        if (to == address(0)) {
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: value <= totalSupply or value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                _totalSupply -= value;
            }
        } else {
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: balance + value is at most totalSupply, which we know fits into a uint256.
                _balances[to] += value;
            }
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Creates a `value` amount of tokens and assigns them to `account`, by transferring it from address(0).
     * Relies on the `_update` mechanism
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 value) internal {
        if (account == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        _update(address(0), account, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys a `value` amount of tokens from `account`, lowering the total supply.
     * Relies on the `_update` mechanism.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 value) internal {
        if (account == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
        }
        _update(account, address(0), value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner`'s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Overrides to this logic should be done to the variant with an additional `bool emitEvent` argument.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        _approve(owner, spender, value, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {_approve} with an optional flag to enable or disable the {Approval} event.
     *
     * By default (when calling {_approve}) the flag is set to true. On the other hand, approval changes made by
     * `_spendAllowance` during the `transferFrom` operation set the flag to false. This saves gas by not emitting any
     * `Approval` event during `transferFrom` operations.
     *
     * Anyone who wishes to continue emitting `Approval` events on the`transferFrom` operation can force the flag to
     * true using the following override:
     *
     * ```solidity
     * function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool) internal virtual override {
     *     super._approve(owner, spender, value, true);
     * }
     * ```
     *
     * Requirements are the same as {_approve}.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool emitEvent) internal virtual {
        if (owner == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidApprover(address(0));
        }
        if (spender == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSpender(address(0));
        }
        _allowances[owner][spender] = value;
        if (emitEvent) {
            emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner`'s allowance for `spender` based on spent `value`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance value in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Does not emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance < type(uint256).max) {
            if (currentAllowance < value) {
                revert ERC20InsufficientAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, value);
            }
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - value, false);
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Panic} from "../Panic.sol";
import {SafeCast} from "./SafeCast.sol";

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Floor, // Toward negative infinity
        Ceil, // Toward positive infinity
        Trunc, // Toward zero
        Expand // Away from zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the 512-bit addition of two uint256.
     *
     * The result is stored in two 256 variables such that sum = high * 2²⁵⁶ + low.
     */
    function add512(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256 high, uint256 low) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            low := add(a, b)
            high := lt(low, a)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the 512-bit multiplication of two uint256.
     *
     * The result is stored in two 256 variables such that product = high * 2²⁵⁶ + low.
     */
    function mul512(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256 high, uint256 low) {
        // 512-bit multiply [high low] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2²⁵⁶ and mod 2²⁵⁶ - 1, then use
        // the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
        // variables such that product = high * 2²⁵⁶ + low.
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            let mm := mulmod(a, b, not(0))
            low := mul(a, b)
            high := sub(sub(mm, low), lt(mm, low))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with a success flag (no overflow).
     */
    function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a + b;
            success = c >= a;
            result = c * SafeCast.toUint(success);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with a success flag (no overflow).
     */
    function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a - b;
            success = c <= a;
            result = c * SafeCast.toUint(success);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with a success flag (no overflow).
     */
    function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a * b;
            assembly ("memory-safe") {
                // Only true when the multiplication doesn't overflow
                // (c / a == b) || (a == 0)
                success := or(eq(div(c, a), b), iszero(a))
            }
            // equivalent to: success ? c : 0
            result = c * SafeCast.toUint(success);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a success flag (no division by zero).
     */
    function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            success = b > 0;
            assembly ("memory-safe") {
                // The `DIV` opcode returns zero when the denominator is 0.
                result := div(a, b)
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a success flag (no division by zero).
     */
    function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            success = b > 0;
            assembly ("memory-safe") {
                // The `MOD` opcode returns zero when the denominator is 0.
                result := mod(a, b)
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Unsigned saturating addition, bounds to `2²⁵⁶ - 1` instead of overflowing.
     */
    function saturatingAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        (bool success, uint256 result) = tryAdd(a, b);
        return ternary(success, result, type(uint256).max);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Unsigned saturating subtraction, bounds to zero instead of overflowing.
     */
    function saturatingSub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        (, uint256 result) = trySub(a, b);
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Unsigned saturating multiplication, bounds to `2²⁵⁶ - 1` instead of overflowing.
     */
    function saturatingMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        (bool success, uint256 result) = tryMul(a, b);
        return ternary(success, result, type(uint256).max);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Branchless ternary evaluation for `a ? b : c`. Gas costs are constant.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: This function may reduce bytecode size and consume less gas when used standalone.
     * However, the compiler may optimize Solidity ternary operations (i.e. `a ? b : c`) to only compute
     * one branch when needed, making this function more expensive.
     */
    function ternary(bool condition, uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // branchless ternary works because:
            // b ^ (a ^ b) == a
            // b ^ 0 == b
            return b ^ ((a ^ b) * SafeCast.toUint(condition));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return ternary(a > b, a, b);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return ternary(a < b, a, b);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds towards infinity instead
     * of rounding towards zero.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (b == 0) {
            // Guarantee the same behavior as in a regular Solidity division.
            Panic.panic(Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO);
        }

        // The following calculation ensures accurate ceiling division without overflow.
        // Since a is non-zero, (a - 1) / b will not overflow.
        // The largest possible result occurs when (a - 1) / b is type(uint256).max,
        // but the largest value we can obtain is type(uint256).max - 1, which happens
        // when a = type(uint256).max and b = 1.
        unchecked {
            return SafeCast.toUint(a > 0) * ((a - 1) / b + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or
     * denominator == 0.
     *
     * Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv) with further edits by
     * Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            (uint256 high, uint256 low) = mul512(x, y);

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (high == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return low / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2²⁵⁶. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            if (denominator <= high) {
                Panic.panic(ternary(denominator == 0, Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO, Panic.UNDER_OVERFLOW));
            }

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [high low].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly ("memory-safe") {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                high := sub(high, gt(remainder, low))
                low := sub(low, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
            // Always >= 1. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            uint256 twos = denominator & (0 - denominator);
            assembly ("memory-safe") {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [high low] by twos.
                low := div(low, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2²⁵⁶ / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from high into low.
            low |= high * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2²⁵⁶. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2²⁵⁶ such
            // that denominator * inv ≡ 1 mod 2²⁵⁶. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv ≡ 1 mod 2⁴.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also
            // works in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2⁸
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2¹⁶
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2³²
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2⁶⁴
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2¹²⁸
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2²⁵⁶

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2²⁵⁶. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2²⁵⁶, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and high
            // is no longer required.
            result = low * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDiv(x, y, denominator) + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calculates floor(x * y >> n) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256.
     */
    function mulShr(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint8 n) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            (uint256 high, uint256 low) = mul512(x, y);
            if (high >= 1 << n) {
                Panic.panic(Panic.UNDER_OVERFLOW);
            }
            return (high << (256 - n)) | (low >> n);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calculates x * y >> n with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulShr(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint8 n, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulShr(x, y, n) + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, 1 << n) > 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calculate the modular multiplicative inverse of a number in Z/nZ.
     *
     * If n is a prime, then Z/nZ is a field. In that case all elements are inversible, except 0.
     * If n is not a prime, then Z/nZ is not a field, and some elements might not be inversible.
     *
     * If the input value is not inversible, 0 is returned.
     *
     * NOTE: If you know for sure that n is (big) a prime, it may be cheaper to use Fermat's little theorem and get the
     * inverse using `Math.modExp(a, n - 2, n)`. See {invModPrime}.
     */
    function invMod(uint256 a, uint256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (n == 0) return 0;

            // The inverse modulo is calculated using the Extended Euclidean Algorithm (iterative version)
            // Used to compute integers x and y such that: ax + ny = gcd(a, n).
            // When the gcd is 1, then the inverse of a modulo n exists and it's x.
            // ax + ny = 1
            // ax = 1 + (-y)n
            // ax ≡ 1 (mod n) # x is the inverse of a modulo n

            // If the remainder is 0 the gcd is n right away.
            uint256 remainder = a % n;
            uint256 gcd = n;

            // Therefore the initial coefficients are:
            // ax + ny = gcd(a, n) = n
            // 0a + 1n = n
            int256 x = 0;
            int256 y = 1;

            while (remainder != 0) {
                uint256 quotient = gcd / remainder;

                (gcd, remainder) = (
                    // The old remainder is the next gcd to try.
                    remainder,
                    // Compute the next remainder.
                    // Can't overflow given that (a % gcd) * (gcd // (a % gcd)) <= gcd
                    // where gcd is at most n (capped to type(uint256).max)
                    gcd - remainder * quotient
                );

                (x, y) = (
                    // Increment the coefficient of a.
                    y,
                    // Decrement the coefficient of n.
                    // Can overflow, but the result is casted to uint256 so that the
                    // next value of y is "wrapped around" to a value between 0 and n - 1.
                    x - y * int256(quotient)
                );
            }

            if (gcd != 1) return 0; // No inverse exists.
            return ternary(x < 0, n - uint256(-x), uint256(x)); // Wrap the result if it's negative.
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {invMod}. More efficient, but only works if `p` is known to be a prime greater than `2`.
     *
     * From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_little_theorem[Fermat's little theorem], we know that if p is
     * prime, then `a**(p-1) ≡ 1 mod p`. As a consequence, we have `a * a**(p-2) ≡ 1 mod p`, which means that
     * `a**(p-2)` is the modular multiplicative inverse of a in Fp.
     *
     * NOTE: this function does NOT check that `p` is a prime greater than `2`.
     */
    function invModPrime(uint256 a, uint256 p) internal view returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            return Math.modExp(a, p - 2, p);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the modular exponentiation of the specified base, exponent and modulus (b ** e % m)
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - modulus can't be zero
     * - underlying staticcall to precompile must succeed
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The result is only valid if the underlying call succeeds. When using this function, make
     * sure the chain you're using it on supports the precompiled contract for modular exponentiation
     * at address 0x05 as specified in https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-198[EIP-198]. Otherwise,
     * the underlying function will succeed given the lack of a revert, but the result may be incorrectly
     * interpreted as 0.
     */
    function modExp(uint256 b, uint256 e, uint256 m) internal view returns (uint256) {
        (bool success, uint256 result) = tryModExp(b, e, m);
        if (!success) {
            Panic.panic(Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the modular exponentiation of the specified base, exponent and modulus (b ** e % m).
     * It includes a success flag indicating if the operation succeeded. Operation will be marked as failed if trying
     * to operate modulo 0 or if the underlying precompile reverted.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The result is only valid if the success flag is true. When using this function, make sure the chain
     * you're using it on supports the precompiled contract for modular exponentiation at address 0x05 as specified in
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-198[EIP-198]. Otherwise, the underlying function will succeed given the lack
     * of a revert, but the result may be incorrectly interpreted as 0.
     */
    function tryModExp(uint256 b, uint256 e, uint256 m) internal view returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        if (m == 0) return (false, 0);
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            // | Offset    | Content    | Content (Hex)                                                      |
            // |-----------|------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
            // | 0x00:0x1f | size of b  | 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020 |
            // | 0x20:0x3f | size of e  | 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020 |
            // | 0x40:0x5f | size of m  | 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020 |
            // | 0x60:0x7f | value of b | 0x<.............................................................b> |
            // | 0x80:0x9f | value of e | 0x<.............................................................e> |
            // | 0xa0:0xbf | value of m | 0x<.............................................................m> |
            mstore(ptr, 0x20)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x20), 0x20)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x40), 0x20)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x60), b)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x80), e)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0xa0), m)

            // Given the result < m, it's guaranteed to fit in 32 bytes,
            // so we can use the memory scratch space located at offset 0.
            success := staticcall(gas(), 0x05, ptr, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x20)
            result := mload(0x00)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {modExp} that supports inputs of arbitrary length.
     */
    function modExp(bytes memory b, bytes memory e, bytes memory m) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory result) = tryModExp(b, e, m);
        if (!success) {
            Panic.panic(Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {tryModExp} that supports inputs of arbitrary length.
     */
    function tryModExp(
        bytes memory b,
        bytes memory e,
        bytes memory m
    ) internal view returns (bool success, bytes memory result) {
        if (_zeroBytes(m)) return (false, new bytes(0));

        uint256 mLen = m.length;

        // Encode call args in result and move the free memory pointer
        result = abi.encodePacked(b.length, e.length, mLen, b, e, m);

        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            let dataPtr := add(result, 0x20)
            // Write result on top of args to avoid allocating extra memory.
            success := staticcall(gas(), 0x05, dataPtr, mload(result), dataPtr, mLen)
            // Overwrite the length.
            // result.length > returndatasize() is guaranteed because returndatasize() == m.length
            mstore(result, mLen)
            // Set the memory pointer after the returned data.
            mstore(0x40, add(dataPtr, mLen))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether the provided byte array is zero.
     */
    function _zeroBytes(bytes memory byteArray) private pure returns (bool) {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < byteArray.length; ++i) {
            if (byteArray[i] != 0) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded
     * towards zero.
     *
     * This method is based on Newton's method for computing square roots; the algorithm is restricted to only
     * using integer operations.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // Take care of easy edge cases when a == 0 or a == 1
            if (a <= 1) {
                return a;
            }

            // In this function, we use Newton's method to get a root of `f(x) := x² - a`. It involves building a
            // sequence x_n that converges toward sqrt(a). For each iteration x_n, we also define the error between
            // the current value as `ε_n = | x_n - sqrt(a) |`.
            //
            // For our first estimation, we consider `e` the smallest power of 2 which is bigger than the square root
            // of the target. (i.e. `2**(e-1) ≤ sqrt(a) < 2**e`). We know that `e ≤ 128` because `(2¹²⁸)² = 2²⁵⁶` is
            // bigger than any uint256.
            //
            // By noticing that
            // `2**(e-1) ≤ sqrt(a) < 2**e → (2**(e-1))² ≤ a < (2**e)² → 2**(2*e-2) ≤ a < 2**(2*e)`
            // we can deduce that `e - 1` is `log2(a) / 2`. We can thus compute `x_n = 2**(e-1)` using a method similar
            // to the msb function.
            uint256 aa = a;
            uint256 xn = 1;

            if (aa >= (1 << 128)) {
                aa >>= 128;
                xn <<= 64;
            }
            if (aa >= (1 << 64)) {
                aa >>= 64;
                xn <<= 32;
            }
            if (aa >= (1 << 32)) {
                aa >>= 32;
                xn <<= 16;
            }
            if (aa >= (1 << 16)) {
                aa >>= 16;
                xn <<= 8;
            }
            if (aa >= (1 << 8)) {
                aa >>= 8;
                xn <<= 4;
            }
            if (aa >= (1 << 4)) {
                aa >>= 4;
                xn <<= 2;
            }
            if (aa >= (1 << 2)) {
                xn <<= 1;
            }

            // We now have x_n such that `x_n = 2**(e-1) ≤ sqrt(a) < 2**e = 2 * x_n`. This implies ε_n ≤ 2**(e-1).
            //
            // We can refine our estimation by noticing that the middle of that interval minimizes the error.
            // If we move x_n to equal 2**(e-1) + 2**(e-2), then we reduce the error to ε_n ≤ 2**(e-2).
            // This is going to be our x_0 (and ε_0)
            xn = (3 * xn) >> 1; // ε_0 := | x_0 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-2)

            // From here, Newton's method give us:
            // x_{n+1} = (x_n + a / x_n) / 2
            //
            // One should note that:
            // x_{n+1}² - a = ((x_n + a / x_n) / 2)² - a
            //              = ((x_n² + a) / (2 * x_n))² - a
            //              = (x_n⁴ + 2 * a * x_n² + a²) / (4 * x_n²) - a
            //              = (x_n⁴ + 2 * a * x_n² + a² - 4 * a * x_n²) / (4 * x_n²)
            //              = (x_n⁴ - 2 * a * x_n² + a²) / (4 * x_n²)
            //              = (x_n² - a)² / (2 * x_n)²
            //              = ((x_n² - a) / (2 * x_n))²
            //              ≥ 0
            // Which proves that for all n ≥ 1, sqrt(a) ≤ x_n
            //
            // This gives us the proof of quadratic convergence of the sequence:
            // ε_{n+1} = | x_{n+1} - sqrt(a) |
            //         = | (x_n + a / x_n) / 2 - sqrt(a) |
            //         = | (x_n² + a - 2*x_n*sqrt(a)) / (2 * x_n) |
            //         = | (x_n - sqrt(a))² / (2 * x_n) |
            //         = | ε_n² / (2 * x_n) |
            //         = ε_n² / | (2 * x_n) |
            //
            // For the first iteration, we have a special case where x_0 is known:
            // ε_1 = ε_0² / | (2 * x_0) |
            //     ≤ (2**(e-2))² / (2 * (2**(e-1) + 2**(e-2)))
            //     ≤ 2**(2*e-4) / (3 * 2**(e-1))
            //     ≤ 2**(e-3) / 3
            //     ≤ 2**(e-3-log2(3))
            //     ≤ 2**(e-4.5)
            //
            // For the following iterations, we use the fact that, 2**(e-1) ≤ sqrt(a) ≤ x_n:
            // ε_{n+1} = ε_n² / | (2 * x_n) |
            //         ≤ (2**(e-k))² / (2 * 2**(e-1))
            //         ≤ 2**(2*e-2*k) / 2**e
            //         ≤ 2**(e-2*k)
            xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_1 := | x_1 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-4.5)  -- special case, see above
            xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_2 := | x_2 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-9)    -- general case with k = 4.5
            xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_3 := | x_3 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-18)   -- general case with k = 9
            xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_4 := | x_4 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-36)   -- general case with k = 18
            xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_5 := | x_5 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-72)   -- general case with k = 36
            xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_6 := | x_6 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-144)  -- general case with k = 72

            // Because e ≤ 128 (as discussed during the first estimation phase), we know have reached a precision
            // ε_6 ≤ 2**(e-144) < 1. Given we're operating on integers, then we can ensure that xn is now either
            // sqrt(a) or sqrt(a) + 1.
            return xn - SafeCast.toUint(xn > a / xn);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && result * result < a);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 r) {
        // If value has upper 128 bits set, log2 result is at least 128
        r = SafeCast.toUint(x > 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff) << 7;
        // If upper 64 bits of 128-bit half set, add 64 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xffffffffffffffff) << 6;
        // If upper 32 bits of 64-bit half set, add 32 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xffffffff) << 5;
        // If upper 16 bits of 32-bit half set, add 16 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xffff) << 4;
        // If upper 8 bits of 16-bit half set, add 8 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xff) << 3;
        // If upper 4 bits of 8-bit half set, add 4 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xf) << 2;

        // Shifts value right by the current result and use it as an index into this lookup table:
        //
        // | x (4 bits) |  index  | table[index] = MSB position |
        // |------------|---------|-----------------------------|
        // |    0000    |    0    |        table[0] = 0         |
        // |    0001    |    1    |        table[1] = 0         |
        // |    0010    |    2    |        table[2] = 1         |
        // |    0011    |    3    |        table[3] = 1         |
        // |    0100    |    4    |        table[4] = 2         |
        // |    0101    |    5    |        table[5] = 2         |
        // |    0110    |    6    |        table[6] = 2         |
        // |    0111    |    7    |        table[7] = 2         |
        // |    1000    |    8    |        table[8] = 3         |
        // |    1001    |    9    |        table[9] = 3         |
        // |    1010    |   10    |        table[10] = 3        |
        // |    1011    |   11    |        table[11] = 3        |
        // |    1100    |   12    |        table[12] = 3        |
        // |    1101    |   13    |        table[13] = 3        |
        // |    1110    |   14    |        table[14] = 3        |
        // |    1111    |   15    |        table[15] = 3        |
        //
        // The lookup table is represented as a 32-byte value with the MSB positions for 0-15 in the last 16 bytes.
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r := or(r, byte(shr(r, x), 0x0000010102020202030303030303030300000000000000000000000000000000))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << result < value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 10 ** result < value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 r) {
        // If value has upper 128 bits set, log2 result is at least 128
        r = SafeCast.toUint(x > 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff) << 7;
        // If upper 64 bits of 128-bit half set, add 64 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xffffffffffffffff) << 6;
        // If upper 32 bits of 64-bit half set, add 32 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xffffffff) << 5;
        // If upper 16 bits of 32-bit half set, add 16 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xffff) << 4;
        // Add 1 if upper 8 bits of 16-bit half set, and divide accumulated result by 8
        return (r >> 3) | SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xff);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << (result << 3) < value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether a provided rounding mode is considered rounding up for unsigned integers.
     */
    function unsignedRoundsUp(Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return uint8(rounding) % 2 == 1;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSA {
    enum RecoverError {
        NoError,
        InvalidSignature,
        InvalidSignatureLength,
        InvalidSignatureS
    }

    /**
     * @dev The signature derives the `address(0)`.
     */
    error ECDSAInvalidSignature();

    /**
     * @dev The signature has an invalid length.
     */
    error ECDSAInvalidSignatureLength(uint256 length);

    /**
     * @dev The signature has an S value that is in the upper half order.
     */
    error ECDSAInvalidSignatureS(bytes32 s);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with `signature` or an error. This will not
     * return address(0) without also returning an error description. Errors are documented using an enum (error type)
     * and a bytes32 providing additional information about the error.
     *
     * If no error is returned, then the address can be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM precompile allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {MessageHashUtils-toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     *
     * Documentation for signature generation:
     * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
     * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes memory signature
    ) internal pure returns (address recovered, RecoverError err, bytes32 errArg) {
        if (signature.length == 65) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 s;
            uint8 v;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            assembly ("memory-safe") {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        } else {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength, bytes32(signature.length));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM precompile allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {MessageHashUtils-toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
        _throwError(error, errorArg);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[ERC-2098 short signatures]
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 vs
    ) internal pure returns (address recovered, RecoverError err, bytes32 errArg) {
        unchecked {
            bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
            // We do not check for an overflow here since the shift operation results in 0 or 1.
            uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        _throwError(error, errorArg);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address recovered, RecoverError err, bytes32 errArg) {
        // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
        // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
        // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
        // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
        //
        // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
        // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
        // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
        // these malleable signatures as well.
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS, s);
        }

        // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
        address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer == address(0)) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature, bytes32(0));
        }

        return (signer, RecoverError.NoError, bytes32(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        _throwError(error, errorArg);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Optionally reverts with the corresponding custom error according to the `error` argument provided.
     */
    function _throwError(RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) private pure {
        if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
            return; // no error: do nothing
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
            revert ECDSAInvalidSignature();
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
            revert ECDSAInvalidSignatureLength(uint256(errorArg));
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
            revert ECDSAInvalidSignatureS(errorArg);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (interfaces/IERC1271.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC-1271 standard signature validation method for
 * contracts as defined in https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1271[ERC-1271].
 */
interface IERC1271 {
    /**
     * @dev Should return whether the signature provided is valid for the provided data
     * @param hash      Hash of the data to be signed
     * @param signature Signature byte array associated with `hash`
     */
    function isValidSignature(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) external view returns (bytes4 magicValue);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import { BaseAllocationMechanism, AllocationConfig } from "src/mechanisms/BaseAllocationMechanism.sol";
import { TokenizedAllocationMechanism } from "src/mechanisms/TokenizedAllocationMechanism.sol";
import { ProperQF } from "src/mechanisms/voting-strategy/ProperQF.sol";
import { IERC20Metadata } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";

/**
 * @title Quadratic Voting Mechanism
 * @author [Golem Foundation](https://golem.foundation)
 * @custom:security-contact security@golem.foundation
 * @notice Implements quadratic funding using ProperQF algorithm
 * @dev Follows Yearn V3 proxy pattern with ProperQF voting strategy
 *
 *      QUADRATIC FUNDING:
 *      ═══════════════════════════════════
 *      - Cost of voting is quadratic: weight votes costs weight² power
 *      - Prevents whale dominance (expensive to cast many votes)
 *      - Benefits: Small contributors have proportionally more impact
 *
 *      VOTE COST EXAMPLES:
 *      - 10 votes costs 100 voting power (10²)
 *      - 20 votes costs 400 voting power (20²)
 *      - 100 votes costs 10,000 voting power (100²)
 *
 *      ONE-TIME VOTING:
 *      ⚠️  Users can only vote ONCE per proposal
 *      - Vote is final and cannot be changed
 *      - Cannot increase, decrease, or cancel vote
 *      - Additional deposits create new voting power for other proposals
 *      - UI must warn users before voting
 *
 *      VOTING POWER:
 *      - Normalized to 18 decimals regardless of asset decimals
 *      - Linear relationship: 1 asset = 1 voting power (after normalization)
 *      - Each deposit adds to cumulative voting power
 *
 * @custom:security One-time voting prevents manipulation via vote adjustments
 * @custom:security Quadratic cost reduces whale influence
 */
contract QuadraticVotingMechanism is BaseAllocationMechanism, ProperQF {
    // ============================================
    // ERRORS
    // ============================================
    error ZeroAddressCannotPropose();
    error OnlyForVotesSupported();
    error InsufficientVotingPowerForQuadraticCost();

    error AlreadyVoted(address voter, uint256 pid);

    // ============================================
    // STATE VARIABLES
    // ============================================

    /// @notice Tracks whether a voter has voted on a specific proposal
    /// @dev Maps pid → voter → hasVoted (prevents double voting)
    mapping(uint256 => mapping(address => bool)) public hasVoted;

    /**
     * @notice Initialize QuadraticVotingMechanism with configuration and alpha parameters
     * @dev Called by AllocationMechanismFactory during CREATE2 deployment
     *      Sets up ProperQF algorithm with specified alpha weighting
     * @param _implementation Address of shared TokenizedAllocationMechanism implementation
     * @param _config Configuration struct with mechanism parameters
     * @param _alphaNumerator Alpha numerator (dimensionless ratio, 0 to _alphaDenominator)
     * @param _alphaDenominator Alpha denominator (dimensionless ratio, must be > 0)
     */
    constructor(
        address _implementation,
        AllocationConfig memory _config,
        uint256 _alphaNumerator,
        uint256 _alphaDenominator
    ) BaseAllocationMechanism(_implementation, _config) {
        _setAlpha(_alphaNumerator, _alphaDenominator);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hook to validate proposer authorization
     * @dev Only keeper or management addresses can create proposals
     *      Prevents spam and maintains curation quality
     * @param proposer Address attempting to create proposal
     * @return authorized True if proposer is keeper or management
     */
    function _beforeProposeHook(address proposer) internal view virtual override returns (bool) {
        if (proposer == address(0)) revert ZeroAddressCannotPropose();

        // Get keeper and management addresses from TokenizedAllocationMechanism
        address keeper = _tokenizedAllocation().keeper();
        address management = _tokenizedAllocation().management();

        // Allow if proposer is either keeper or management
        return proposer == keeper || proposer == management;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hook to validate proposal exists
     * @param pid Proposal ID to validate
     * @return valid True if proposal exists
     */
    function _validateProposalHook(uint256 pid) internal view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _proposalExists(pid);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hook to authorize user registration
     * @dev Allows all users to register, including multiple signups
     *      Each signup adds voting power that can be used on un-voted proposals
     *
     *      IMPORTANT DESIGN CONSIDERATION:
     *      Pure quadratic voting (QV) should restrict to single signups to prevent
     *      double-spending of vote credits. However, quadratic funding (QF) variants
     *      allow multiple signups where users contribute their own funds to increase
     *      voting power. Derived contracts can override to enforce single-signup.
     * @return authorized True (all users can signup)
     */
    function _beforeSignupHook(address) internal virtual override returns (bool) {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hook to calculate voting power from deposit amount
     * @dev Normalizes asset amount to 18 decimals for consistent voting power
     *      1 token (in asset decimals) = 1 voting power (in 18 decimals)
     *
     *      NORMALIZATION EXAMPLES:
     *      - USDC (6 decimals): 1,000,000 (1 USDC) → 1e18 voting power
     *      - WETH (18 decimals): 1e18 (1 WETH) → 1e18 voting power
     *      - WBTC (8 decimals): 100,000,000 (1 WBTC) → 1e18 voting power
     * @param deposit Amount deposited in asset's native decimals
     * @return votingPower Normalized voting power in 18 decimals
     */
    function _getVotingPowerHook(
        address,
        uint256 deposit
    ) internal view virtual override returns (uint256 votingPower) {
        // Get asset decimals
        uint8 assetDecimals = IERC20Metadata(address(asset)).decimals();

        // Convert to 18 decimals for voting power
        if (assetDecimals == 18) {
            return deposit;
        } else if (assetDecimals < 18) {
            // Scale up: multiply by 10^(18 - assetDecimals)
            uint256 scaleFactor = 10 ** (18 - assetDecimals);
            return deposit * scaleFactor;
        } else {
            // Scale down: divide by 10^(assetDecimals - 18)
            uint256 scaleFactor = 10 ** (assetDecimals - 18);
            return deposit / scaleFactor;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Internal helper to normalize token amount to 18 decimals
     * @dev Matches voting power normalization logic in _getVotingPowerHook
     * @param amount Token amount in asset's native decimals
     * @param assetDecimals Decimal places of the asset token
     * @return normalized Amount normalized to 18 decimals
     */
    function _normalizeToDecimals(uint256 amount, uint8 assetDecimals) internal pure returns (uint256 normalized) {
        if (assetDecimals == 18) {
            return amount;
        } else if (assetDecimals < 18) {
            // Scale up: multiply by 10^(18 - assetDecimals)
            uint256 scaleFactor = 10 ** (18 - assetDecimals);
            return amount * scaleFactor;
        } else {
            // Scale down: divide by 10^(assetDecimals - 18)
            uint256 scaleFactor = 10 ** (assetDecimals - 18);
            return amount / scaleFactor;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hook to process vote with quadratic cost and single-vote enforcement
     * @dev Implements quadratic voting: to cast W votes, you pay W² voting power
     *      Each voter can only vote ONCE per proposal (no adjustments)
     *
     *      QUADRATIC COST FORMULA:
     *      cost = weight × weight
     *
     *      EXAMPLES:
     *      - Cast 10 votes → costs 100 voting power
     *      - Cast 50 votes → costs 2,500 voting power
     *      - Cast 100 votes → costs 10,000 voting power
     *
     *      This makes whale attacks expensive while giving smaller voters
     *      proportionally more influence per token.
     * @param pid Proposal ID to vote on
     * @param voter Address casting the vote
     * @param choice Vote type (must be VoteType.For)
     * @param weight Number of votes to cast (dimensionless)
     * @param oldPower Voter's current voting power (in 18 decimals)
     * @return newPower Remaining voting power after quadratic cost deduction (in 18 decimals)
     * @custom:security Single-vote enforcement prevents manipulation via vote adjustments
     * @custom:security Reverts if voter already voted on this proposal
     */
    function _processVoteHook(
        uint256 pid,
        address voter,
        TokenizedAllocationMechanism.VoteType choice,
        uint256 weight,
        uint256 oldPower
    ) internal virtual override returns (uint256) {
        if (choice != TokenizedAllocationMechanism.VoteType.For) revert OnlyForVotesSupported();

        // Check if voter has already voted on this proposal
        if (hasVoted[pid][voter]) revert AlreadyVoted(voter, pid);

        // Quadratic cost: to vote with weight W, you pay W^2 voting power
        uint256 quadraticCost = weight * weight;

        if (quadraticCost > oldPower) revert InsufficientVotingPowerForQuadraticCost();

        // Use ProperQF's unchecked vote processing since we control the inputs
        // contribution = quadratic cost, voteWeight = actual vote weight
        // We know: quadraticCost = weight^2, so sqrt(quadraticCost) = weight (perfect square root relationship)
        _processVoteUnchecked(pid, quadraticCost, weight);

        // Mark that voter has voted on this proposal
        hasVoted[pid][voter] = true;

        // Return remaining voting power after quadratic cost
        return oldPower - quadraticCost;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hook to check if proposal meets quorum threshold
     * @dev Quorum based on total funding (quadratic + linear components)
     *      Uses ProperQF formula: F_j = α×(sum_sqrt)² + (1-α)×sum_contributions
     * @param pid Proposal ID to check
     * @return meetsQuorum True if project funding ≥ quorum threshold
     */
    function _hasQuorumHook(uint256 pid) internal view virtual override returns (bool meetsQuorum) {
        // Get the project's funding metrics
        // getTally() returns: alpha-weighted quadratic funding + alpha-weighted linear funding
        (, , uint256 quadraticFunding, uint256 linearFunding) = getTally(pid);

        // Calculate total funding: both components are already alpha-weighted
        // F_j = α × (sum_sqrt)² + (1-α) × sum_contributions
        uint256 projectTotalFunding = quadraticFunding + linearFunding;

        // Project meets quorum if it has minimum funding threshold
        return projectTotalFunding >= _getQuorumShares();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hook to convert proposal funding into allocation shares
     * @dev Returns total funding amount (quadratic + linear components)
     *      Both components are already alpha-weighted by ProperQF
     * @param pid Proposal ID
     * @return shares Total funding to allocate in share base units
     */
    function _convertVotesToShares(uint256 pid) internal view virtual override returns (uint256 shares) {
        // Get project funding metrics
        // getTally() returns: alpha-weighted quadratic funding + alpha-weighted linear funding
        (, , uint256 quadraticFunding, uint256 linearFunding) = getTally(pid);

        // Calculate total funding: both components are already alpha-weighted
        // F_j = α × (sum_sqrt)² + (1-α) × sum_contributions
        return quadraticFunding + linearFunding;
    }

    /// @notice Allow finalization once voting period ends
    function _beforeFinalizeVoteTallyHook() internal pure virtual override returns (bool) {
        return true;
    }

    /// @notice Get recipient address for proposal
    function _getRecipientAddressHook(uint256 pid) internal view virtual override returns (address) {
        TokenizedAllocationMechanism.Proposal memory proposal = _getProposal(pid);
        if (proposal.recipient == address(0)) revert TokenizedAllocationMechanism.InvalidRecipient(proposal.recipient);
        return proposal.recipient;
    }

    /// @notice Handle custom share distribution - returns false to use default minting
    /// @return handled False to indicate default minting should be used
    /// @return assetsTransferred 0 since no custom distribution is performed
    function _requestCustomDistributionHook(
        address,
        uint256
    ) internal pure virtual override returns (bool handled, uint256 assetsTransferred) {
        // Return false to indicate we want to use the default share minting in TokenizedAllocationMechanism
        // This allows the base implementation to handle the minting via _mint()
        return (false, 0);
    }

    // Note: _availableWithdrawLimit is now inherited from BaseAllocationMechanism
    // The default implementation enforces timelock and grace period boundaries

    /// @notice Calculate total assets including matching pool + user deposits for finalization
    /// @dev This snapshots the total asset balance in the contract during finalize
    /// @return Total assets available for allocation (matching pool + user signup deposits)
    function _calculateTotalAssetsHook() internal view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        // Return current asset balance of the contract
        // This includes both:
        // 1. Matching pool funds (pre-funded in setUp)
        // 2. User deposits from signups
        return asset.balanceOf(address(this));
    }

    /// @notice Get project funding breakdown for a proposal
    /// @param pid Proposal ID
    /// @return sumContributions Total contribution amounts
    /// @return sumSquareRoots Sum of square roots for quadratic calculation
    /// @return quadraticFunding Quadratic funding component
    /// @return linearFunding Linear funding component
    function getProposalFunding(
        uint256 pid
    )
        external
        view
        returns (uint256 sumContributions, uint256 sumSquareRoots, uint256 quadraticFunding, uint256 linearFunding)
    {
        if (!_validateProposalHook(pid)) revert TokenizedAllocationMechanism.InvalidProposal(pid);

        // Return zero funding for cancelled proposals
        if (_tokenizedAllocation().state(pid) == TokenizedAllocationMechanism.ProposalState.Canceled) {
            return (0, 0, 0, 0);
        }

        return getTally(pid);
    }

    /// @notice Set the alpha parameter for quadratic vs linear funding weighting
    /// @param newNumerator Numerator of new alpha value (dimensionless ratio)
    /// @param newDenominator Denominator of new alpha value (dimensionless ratio)
    /// @dev Alpha determines the ratio: F_j = α × (sum_sqrt)² + (1-α) × sum_contributions
    /// @dev Only callable by owner (inherited from BaseAllocationMechanism via TokenizedAllocationMechanism)
    function setAlpha(uint256 newNumerator, uint256 newDenominator) external {
        // Access control: only owner can modify alpha
        require(_tokenizedAllocation().owner() == msg.sender, "Only owner can set alpha");

        // Update alpha using ProperQF's internal function (validates constraints internally)
        _setAlpha(newNumerator, newDenominator);
    }

    /// @notice Calculate optimal alpha for 1:1 shares-to-assets ratio given fixed matching pool amount
    /// @param matchingPoolAmount Fixed amount of matching funds available (in token's native decimals)
    /// @param totalUserDeposits Total user deposits in the mechanism (in token's native decimals)
    /// @return optimalAlphaNumerator Calculated alpha numerator
    /// @return optimalAlphaDenominator Calculated alpha denominator
    /// @dev Internally normalizes amounts to 18 decimals to match quadratic/linear sum calculations
    function calculateOptimalAlpha(
        uint256 matchingPoolAmount,
        uint256 totalUserDeposits
    ) external view returns (uint256 optimalAlphaNumerator, uint256 optimalAlphaDenominator) {
        // Get asset decimals to normalize amounts
        uint8 assetDecimals = IERC20Metadata(address(asset)).decimals();

        // Normalize both amounts to 18 decimals to match quadratic/linear sums
        uint256 normalizedMatchingPool = _normalizeToDecimals(matchingPoolAmount, assetDecimals);
        uint256 normalizedUserDeposits = _normalizeToDecimals(totalUserDeposits, assetDecimals);

        return
            _calculateOptimalAlpha(
                normalizedMatchingPool,
                totalQuadraticSum(),
                totalLinearSum(),
                normalizedUserDeposits
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reject ETH deposits to prevent permanent fund loss
     * @dev Overrides BaseAllocationMechanism's receive() function
     *      This mechanism only supports ERC20 tokens, not native ETH
     * @custom:security Prevents accidental ETH loss
     */
    receive() external payable override {
        revert("ETH not supported - use ERC20 tokens only");
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import { TokenizedAllocationMechanism, IBaseAllocationStrategy } from "src/mechanisms/TokenizedAllocationMechanism.sol";

/**
 * @notice Configuration parameters for allocation mechanism initialization
 * @dev All timing parameters are in seconds
 */
struct AllocationConfig {
    /// @notice Underlying ERC20 asset token for deposits
    IERC20 asset;
    /// @notice Name for allocation mechanism shares (ERC20 metadata)
    string name;
    /// @notice Symbol for allocation mechanism shares (ERC20 metadata)
    string symbol;
    /// @notice Delay before voting begins after proposal creation
    /// @dev In seconds. Provides time for proposal review before voting starts
    uint256 votingDelay;
    /// @notice Duration of the voting period
    /// @dev In seconds. Time window during which users can cast votes
    uint256 votingPeriod;
    /// @notice Minimum voting power required for proposal to pass
    /// @dev In share units. Proposal needs >= quorumShares total votes to succeed
    uint256 quorumShares;
    /// @notice Delay before redemptions can begin after vote finalization
    /// @dev In seconds. Security buffer before funds can be withdrawn
    uint256 timelockDelay;
    /// @notice Duration of redemption window
    /// @dev In seconds. Time window during which shares can be redeemed
    uint256 gracePeriod;
    /// @notice Address that owns/controls the allocation mechanism
    /// @dev Typically the deployer. Has admin privileges
    address owner;
}

/**
 * @title Base Allocation Mechanism
 * @author [Golem Foundation](https://golem.foundation)
 * @custom:security-contact security@golem.foundation
 * @notice Abstract base for allocation/voting mechanisms using lightweight proxy pattern
 * @dev Follows Yearn V3 architecture: minimal proxy delegating to shared TokenizedAllocationMechanism
 *
 *      ARCHITECTURE PATTERN:
 *      ═══════════════════════════════════
 *      - Inheritors only implement custom hooks (no shared logic duplication)
 *      - Shared logic lives in TokenizedAllocationMechanism (implementation)
 *      - Each mechanism is a lightweight proxy with custom behavior via hooks
 *      - Delegatecall pattern: proxy storage, implementation logic
 *
 *      HOOK SYSTEM:
 *      ═══════════════════════════════════
 *      13 abstract hooks to implement:
 *
 *      Registration:
 *      - _beforeSignupHook: Allow/block user registration
 *      - _getVotingPowerHook: Calculate voting power on signup
 *
 *      Proposing:
 *      - _beforeProposeHook: Allow/block proposal creation
 *      - _validateProposalHook: Validate proposal exists
 *
 *      Voting:
 *      - _processVoteHook: Process vote and update voting power
 *      - _hasQuorumHook: Check if proposal reached quorum
 *
 *      Distribution:
 *      - _convertVotesToShares: Convert votes to vault shares
 *      - _getRecipientAddressHook: Get recipient for proposal
 *      - _requestCustomDistributionHook: Custom share distribution
 *
 *      Finalization:
 *      - _beforeFinalizeVoteTallyHook: Pre-finalization checks
 *
 *      Withdrawal:
 *      - _availableWithdrawLimit: Enforce timelock/grace period
 *
 *      Accounting:
 *      - _calculateTotalAssetsHook: Total assets including matching pools
 *
 *      LIFECYCLE:
 *      ═══════════════════════════════════
 *      1. Deploy: Constructor calls TokenizedAllocationMechanism.initialize()
 *      2. Registration: Users deposit assets and receive voting power
 *      3. Propose: Create proposals for funding allocation
 *      4. Vote: Users cast votes (Against/For/Abstain)
 *      5. Finalize: Tally votes, determine winning proposals
 *      6. Queue: Mint shares for successful proposals (after timelock)
 *      7. Redeem: Recipients redeem shares for assets (during grace period)
 *
 *      TIMELOCK & GRACE PERIOD:
 *      ═══════════════════════════════════
 *      - Timelock: Security delay before redemptions begin
 *      - Grace Period: Window during which redemptions are allowed
 *      - After grace period: Unredeemed shares become non-withdrawable
 *
 * @custom:security All hooks called via delegatecall from implementation
 * @custom:security onlySelf modifier prevents direct external calls to hooks
 */
abstract contract BaseAllocationMechanism is IBaseAllocationStrategy {
    // ---------- Immutable Storage ----------

    /// @notice Address of the shared TokenizedAllocationMechanism implementation
    address internal immutable tokenizedAllocationAddress;

    /// @notice Underlying asset for the allocation mechanism
    IERC20 internal immutable asset;

    // ---------- Events ----------

    /// @notice Emitted when the allocation mechanism is initialized
    event AllocationMechanismInitialized(
        address indexed implementation,
        address indexed asset,
        string name,
        string symbol
    );

    // ---------- Constructor ----------

    /// @notice Initializes the allocation mechanism with implementation and configuration
    /// @param _implementation Address of the TokenizedAllocationMechanism implementation
    /// @param _config Configuration parameters for the allocation mechanism
    constructor(address _implementation, AllocationConfig memory _config) {
        // Store immutable values
        tokenizedAllocationAddress = _implementation;
        asset = _config.asset;

        // Initialize the TokenizedAllocationMechanism storage via delegatecall
        (bool success, ) = _implementation.delegatecall(
            abi.encodeCall(
                TokenizedAllocationMechanism.initialize,
                (
                    _config.owner, // owner
                    _config.asset,
                    _config.name,
                    _config.symbol,
                    _config.votingDelay,
                    _config.votingPeriod,
                    _config.quorumShares,
                    _config.timelockDelay,
                    _config.gracePeriod
                )
            )
        );
        require(success, "Initialization failed");

        emit AllocationMechanismInitialized(_implementation, address(_config.asset), _config.name, _config.symbol);
    }

    // ============================================
    // ABSTRACT HOOKS - REGISTRATION
    // ============================================

    /**
     * @notice REQUIRED: Determines if a user can register
     * @dev Called before signup to implement access control
     *
     *      IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE:
     *      - Return true to allow registration
     *      - Return false to block (will revert signup)
     *      - Can check allowlists, blocklists, KYC status, etc.
     *
     *      COMMON PATTERNS:
     *      - Open: Always return true (permissionless)
     *      - Allowlist: Check mapping(address => bool) allowedUsers
     *      - Minimum deposit: Check deposit >= minimumAmount
     *
     * @param user Address attempting to register
     * @return allow True to allow registration, false to block
     */
    function _beforeSignupHook(address user) internal virtual returns (bool);

    /**
     * @notice REQUIRED: Determines if an address can create proposals
     * @dev Called before propose to implement proposer restrictions
     *
     *      IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE:
     *      - Return true to allow proposal creation
     *      - Return false to block (will revert)
     *      - Can check minimum voting power, specific roles, etc.
     *
     *      COMMON PATTERNS:
     *      - Open: Always return true
     *      - Minimum power: Check votingPower >= threshold
     *      - Registered only: Check user has deposited
     *
     * @param proposer Address attempting to create proposal
     * @return allow True to allow proposal, false to block
     */
    function _beforeProposeHook(address proposer) internal view virtual returns (bool);

    /**
     * @notice REQUIRED: Calculates voting power assigned on registration
     * @dev Called during signup to determine user's initial voting power
     *
     *      IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE:
     *      - Must return value > 0 for successful registration
     *      - Should be deterministic based on deposit amount
     *      - Consider manipulation resistance (flash loan protection)
     *
     *      COMMON PATTERNS:
     *      - Linear: power = deposit (1 token = 1 vote)
     *      - Quadratic: power = sqrt(deposit) (reduces whale influence)
     *      - Capped: power = min(deposit, maxPower)
     *      - Time-weighted: power = f(deposit, stakeDuration)
     *
     *      SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS:
     *      - Prevent flash loan manipulation (use checkpoints/locks)
     *      - Validate deposit amount > 0
     *      - Ensure calculation cannot overflow
     *
     * @param user Address registering (can be used for user-specific logic)
     * @param deposit Amount of underlying tokens deposited (in asset base units)
     * @return power Voting power to assign (0 = registration fails)
     */
    function _getVotingPowerHook(address user, uint256 deposit) internal view virtual returns (uint256);

    // ============================================
    // ABSTRACT HOOKS - PROPOSAL VALIDATION
    // ============================================

    /**
     * @notice REQUIRED: Validates that a proposal ID exists
     * @dev Called to verify proposal exists before operations
     *
     * @param pid Proposal ID to validate
     * @return valid True if proposal exists and is valid
     */
    function _validateProposalHook(uint256 pid) internal view virtual returns (bool);

    // ============================================
    // ABSTRACT HOOKS - VOTING
    // ============================================

    /**
     * @notice REQUIRED: Processes a vote and updates voting power
     * @dev Called when user casts a vote. Must update vote tallies and return updated voting power
     *
     *      IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE:
     *      - Record vote in proposal's tally
     *      - Deduct used voting power from voter's available power
     *      - Return new voting power (must be <= oldPower)
     *      - Prevent double voting or power overflow
     *
     *      VOTING MODELS:
     *      - One-time: Use full power once (newPower = 0)
     *      - Proportional: Deduct weight from power (newPower = oldPower - weight)
     *      - Quadratic: Deduct weight squared (cost increases with usage)
     *
     * @param pid Proposal ID being voted on
     * @param voter Address casting the vote
     * @param choice Vote type (Against=0, For=1, Abstain=2)
     * @param weight Amount of voting power to use
     * @param oldPower Voter's current voting power before this vote
     * @return newPower Voter's voting power after this vote (must be <= oldPower)
     */
    function _processVoteHook(
        uint256 pid,
        address voter,
        TokenizedAllocationMechanism.VoteType choice,
        uint256 weight,
        uint256 oldPower
    ) internal virtual returns (uint256 newPower);

    /**
     * @notice REQUIRED: Checks if proposal reached quorum
     * @dev Called to determine if proposal has enough votes to pass
     *
     * @param pid Proposal ID
     * @return hasQuorum True if proposal has sufficient votes
     */
    function _hasQuorumHook(uint256 pid) internal view virtual returns (bool);

    // ============================================
    // ABSTRACT HOOKS - DISTRIBUTION
    // ============================================

    /**
     * @notice REQUIRED: Converts votes to vault shares for winning proposal
     * @dev Called when queuing successful proposal. Determines funding allocation
     *
     *      COMMON PATTERNS:
     *      - Direct: shares = votes (1 vote = 1 asset)
     *      - Quadratic: shares = votes^2 (quadratic funding)
     *      - Matched: shares = votes + matching(votes)
     *
     * @param pid Proposal ID being queued
     * @return sharesToMint Vault shares to allocate (in share base units)
     */
    function _convertVotesToShares(uint256 pid) internal view virtual returns (uint256 sharesToMint);

    /**
     * @notice REQUIRED: Pre-finalization validation hook
     * @dev Called before finalizeVoteTally to enforce any custom rules
     *
     * @return allow True to proceed with finalization
     */
    function _beforeFinalizeVoteTallyHook() internal virtual returns (bool);

    /**
     * @notice REQUIRED: Returns recipient address for a proposal
     * @dev Called during redemption to determine where shares go
     *
     * @param pid Proposal ID
     * @return recipient Address to receive the minted shares
     */
    function _getRecipientAddressHook(uint256 pid) internal view virtual returns (address recipient);

    /**
     * @notice OPTIONAL: Custom distribution instead of standard share minting
     * @dev Called during queue. Return (true, amount) to skip default minting
     *
     *      USE CASES:
     *      - Direct asset transfer instead of shares
     *      - Multi-recipient distribution
     *      - Custom vesting schedules
     *
     *      DEFAULT BEHAVIOR:
     *      Return (false, 0) to use standard share minting
     *
     * @param recipient Address of the recipient
     * @param sharesToMint Number of shares to distribute
     * @return handled True if custom distribution performed (skips default minting)
     * @return assetsTransferred Amount of assets transferred (for totalAssets accounting)
     */
    function _requestCustomDistributionHook(
        address recipient,
        uint256 sharesToMint
    ) internal virtual returns (bool handled, uint256 assetsTransferred);

    /// @dev Hook to get the available withdraw limit for a share owner
    /// @dev Default implementation enforces timelock and grace period boundaries
    /// @dev Can be overridden for custom withdrawal limit logic
    /// @return limit Available withdraw limit (type(uint256).max for unlimited, 0 for blocked)
    function _availableWithdrawLimit(address /* shareOwner */) internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        // Get the global redemption start time
        uint256 globalRedemptionStart = _getGlobalRedemptionStart();

        // If no global redemption time set (not finalized), no withdrawals allowed
        if (globalRedemptionStart == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // Check if still in timelock period
        if (block.timestamp < globalRedemptionStart) {
            return 0; // Cannot withdraw during timelock
        }

        // Check if grace period has expired
        uint256 gracePeriod = _getGracePeriod();
        if (block.timestamp > globalRedemptionStart + gracePeriod) {
            return 0; // Cannot withdraw after grace period expires
        }

        // Within valid redemption window - no limit
        return type(uint256).max;
    }

    /// @dev Hook to calculate total assets including any matching pools or custom logic
    /// @return totalAssets Total assets for this allocation mechanism
    function _calculateTotalAssetsHook() internal view virtual returns (uint256);

    // ---------- External Hook Functions (Yearn V3 Pattern) ----------
    // These are called by TokenizedAllocationMechanism via delegatecall
    // and use onlySelf modifier to ensure security

    /// @notice Ensures function can only be called via delegatecall from TokenizedAllocationMechanism
    /// @dev In delegatecall context, msg.sender is the proxy address (address(this)), not the caller
    modifier onlySelf() {
        // In delegatecall context, msg.sender must be address(this) to ensure
        // hooks can only be called via delegatecall from TokenizedAllocationMechanism
        require(msg.sender == address(this), "!self");
        _;
    }

    /// @notice External wrapper for _beforeSignupHook, called by TokenizedAllocationMechanism via delegatecall
    /// @param user Address attempting to register
    /// @return allow True to allow registration, false to block
    function beforeSignupHook(address user) external onlySelf returns (bool) {
        return _beforeSignupHook(user);
    }

    /// @notice External wrapper for _beforeProposeHook, called by TokenizedAllocationMechanism via delegatecall
    /// @param proposer Address attempting to create proposal
    /// @return allow True to allow proposal, false to block
    function beforeProposeHook(address proposer) external view onlySelf returns (bool) {
        return _beforeProposeHook(proposer);
    }

    /// @notice External wrapper for _getVotingPowerHook, called by TokenizedAllocationMechanism via delegatecall
    /// @param user Address registering
    /// @param deposit Amount deposited in asset base units
    /// @return power Voting power to assign
    function getVotingPowerHook(address user, uint256 deposit) external view onlySelf returns (uint256) {
        return _getVotingPowerHook(user, deposit);
    }

    /// @notice External wrapper for _validateProposalHook, called by TokenizedAllocationMechanism via delegatecall
    /// @param pid Proposal ID to validate
    /// @return valid True if proposal exists and is valid
    function validateProposalHook(uint256 pid) external view onlySelf returns (bool) {
        return _validateProposalHook(pid);
    }

    /// @notice External wrapper for _processVoteHook, called by TokenizedAllocationMechanism via delegatecall
    /// @param pid Proposal ID being voted on
    /// @param voter Address casting the vote
    /// @param choice Vote type (0=Against, 1=For, 2=Abstain)
    /// @param weight Amount of voting power to use
    /// @param oldPower Voter's current voting power
    /// @return newPower Voter's voting power after this vote
    function processVoteHook(
        uint256 pid,
        address voter,
        uint8 choice,
        uint256 weight,
        uint256 oldPower
    ) external onlySelf returns (uint256) {
        return _processVoteHook(pid, voter, TokenizedAllocationMechanism.VoteType(choice), weight, oldPower);
    }

    /// @notice External wrapper for _hasQuorumHook, called by TokenizedAllocationMechanism via delegatecall
    /// @param pid Proposal ID
    /// @return hasQuorum True if proposal has sufficient votes
    function hasQuorumHook(uint256 pid) external view onlySelf returns (bool) {
        return _hasQuorumHook(pid);
    }

    /// @notice External wrapper for _convertVotesToShares, called by TokenizedAllocationMechanism via delegatecall
    /// @param pid Proposal ID being queued
    /// @return sharesToMint Vault shares to allocate in share base units
    function convertVotesToShares(uint256 pid) external view onlySelf returns (uint256) {
        return _convertVotesToShares(pid);
    }

    /// @notice External wrapper for _beforeFinalizeVoteTallyHook, called by TokenizedAllocationMechanism via delegatecall
    /// @return allow True to proceed with finalization
    function beforeFinalizeVoteTallyHook() external onlySelf returns (bool) {
        return _beforeFinalizeVoteTallyHook();
    }

    /// @notice External wrapper for _getRecipientAddressHook, called by TokenizedAllocationMechanism via delegatecall
    /// @param pid Proposal ID
    /// @return recipient Address to receive the minted shares
    function getRecipientAddressHook(uint256 pid) external view onlySelf returns (address) {
        return _getRecipientAddressHook(pid);
    }

    /// @notice External wrapper for _requestCustomDistributionHook, called by TokenizedAllocationMechanism via delegatecall
    /// @param recipient Address of the recipient
    /// @param sharesToMint Number of shares to distribute
    /// @return handled True if custom distribution performed
    /// @return assetsTransferred Amount of assets transferred
    function requestCustomDistributionHook(
        address recipient,
        uint256 sharesToMint
    ) external onlySelf returns (bool handled, uint256 assetsTransferred) {
        return _requestCustomDistributionHook(recipient, sharesToMint);
    }

    /// @notice External wrapper for _availableWithdrawLimit, called by TokenizedAllocationMechanism via delegatecall
    /// @param shareOwner Address to check withdraw limit for
    /// @return limit Available withdraw limit (type(uint256).max for unlimited, 0 for blocked)
    function availableWithdrawLimit(address shareOwner) external view onlySelf returns (uint256) {
        return _availableWithdrawLimit(shareOwner);
    }

    /// @notice External wrapper for _calculateTotalAssetsHook, called by TokenizedAllocationMechanism via delegatecall
    /// @return totalAssets Total assets for this allocation mechanism
    function calculateTotalAssetsHook() external view onlySelf returns (uint256) {
        return _calculateTotalAssetsHook();
    }

    // ---------- Internal Helpers ----------

    /// @notice Access TokenizedAllocationMechanism interface for internal calls
    /// @dev Uses current contract address since storage is local
    function _tokenizedAllocation() internal view returns (TokenizedAllocationMechanism) {
        return TokenizedAllocationMechanism(address(this));
    }

    /// @notice Get grace period from configuration
    /// @return Grace period in seconds
    function _getGracePeriod() internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _tokenizedAllocation().gracePeriod();
    }

    /// @dev Get global redemption start timestamp
    /// @return Timestamp when redemption window opens (0 if not finalized)
    function _getGlobalRedemptionStart() internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _tokenizedAllocation().globalRedemptionStart();
    }

    // ---------- Fallback Function ----------

    /// @notice Delegates all undefined function calls to TokenizedAllocationMechanism
    /// @dev This enables the proxy pattern where shared logic lives in the implementation
    fallback() external payable virtual {
        address _impl = tokenizedAllocationAddress;
        assembly {
            // Copy calldata to memory
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())

            // Delegatecall to implementation contract
            let result := delegatecall(gas(), _impl, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)

            // Copy return data
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())

            // Handle result
            switch result
            case 0 {
                // Delegatecall failed, revert with error data
                revert(0, returndatasize())
            }
            default {
                // Delegatecall succeeded, return data
                return(0, returndatasize())
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Receive function to accept ETH
    receive() external payable virtual {}

    // ---------- View Helpers for Inheritors ----------

    /// @notice Get the current proposal count
    /// @dev Helper for concrete implementations to access storage
    function _getProposalCount() internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _tokenizedAllocation().getProposalCount();
    }

    /// @notice Check if a proposal exists
    /// @dev Helper for concrete implementations
    function _proposalExists(uint256 pid) internal view returns (bool) {
        return pid > 0 && pid <= _getProposalCount();
    }

    /// @notice Get proposal details
    /// @dev Helper for concrete implementations
    function _getProposal(uint256 pid) internal view returns (TokenizedAllocationMechanism.Proposal memory) {
        return _tokenizedAllocation().proposals(pid);
    }

    /// @notice Get voting power for an address
    /// @dev Helper for concrete implementations
    function _getVotingPower(address user) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _tokenizedAllocation().votingPower(user);
    }

    /// @notice Get quorum shares requirement
    /// @dev Helper for concrete implementations
    function _getQuorumShares() internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _tokenizedAllocation().quorumShares();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "../token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC165} from "../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Math} from "./math/Math.sol";
import {SafeCast} from "./math/SafeCast.sol";
import {SignedMath} from "./math/SignedMath.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    using SafeCast for *;

    bytes16 private constant HEX_DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;
    uint256 private constant SPECIAL_CHARS_LOOKUP =
        (1 << 0x08) | // backspace
            (1 << 0x09) | // tab
            (1 << 0x0a) | // newline
            (1 << 0x0c) | // form feed
            (1 << 0x0d) | // carriage return
            (1 << 0x22) | // double quote
            (1 << 0x5c); // backslash

    /**
     * @dev The `value` string doesn't fit in the specified `length`.
     */
    error StringsInsufficientHexLength(uint256 value, uint256 length);

    /**
     * @dev The string being parsed contains characters that are not in scope of the given base.
     */
    error StringsInvalidChar();

    /**
     * @dev The string being parsed is not a properly formatted address.
     */
    error StringsInvalidAddressFormat();

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            assembly ("memory-safe") {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                assembly ("memory-safe") {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), HEX_DIGITS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toStringSigned(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string.concat(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMath.abs(value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        uint256 localValue = value;
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = HEX_DIGITS[localValue & 0xf];
            localValue >>= 4;
        }
        if (localValue != 0) {
            revert StringsInsufficientHexLength(value, length);
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal
     * representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal
     * representation, according to EIP-55.
     */
    function toChecksumHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = bytes(toHexString(addr));

        // hash the hex part of buffer (skip length + 2 bytes, length 40)
        uint256 hashValue;
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            hashValue := shr(96, keccak256(add(buffer, 0x22), 40))
        }

        for (uint256 i = 41; i > 1; --i) {
            // possible values for buffer[i] are 48 (0) to 57 (9) and 97 (a) to 102 (f)
            if (hashValue & 0xf > 7 && uint8(buffer[i]) > 96) {
                // case shift by xoring with 0x20
                buffer[i] ^= 0x20;
            }
            hashValue >>= 4;
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
     */
    function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return bytes(a).length == bytes(b).length && keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Parse a decimal string and returns the value as a `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The string must be formatted as `[0-9]*`
     * - The result must fit into an `uint256` type
     */
    function parseUint(string memory input) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return parseUint(input, 0, bytes(input).length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {parseUint-string} that parses a substring of `input` located between position `begin` (included) and
     * `end` (excluded).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The substring must be formatted as `[0-9]*`
     * - The result must fit into an `uint256` type
     */
    function parseUint(string memory input, uint256 begin, uint256 end) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        (bool success, uint256 value) = tryParseUint(input, begin, end);
        if (!success) revert StringsInvalidChar();
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {parseUint-string} that returns false if the parsing fails because of an invalid character.
     *
     * NOTE: This function will revert if the result does not fit in a `uint256`.
     */
    function tryParseUint(string memory input) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 value) {
        return _tryParseUintUncheckedBounds(input, 0, bytes(input).length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {parseUint-string-uint256-uint256} that returns false if the parsing fails because of an invalid
     * character.
     *
     * NOTE: This function will revert if the result does not fit in a `uint256`.
     */
    function tryParseUint(
        string memory input,
        uint256 begin,
        uint256 end
    ) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 value) {
        if (end > bytes(input).length || begin > end) return (false, 0);
        return _tryParseUintUncheckedBounds(input, begin, end);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Implementation of {tryParseUint-string-uint256-uint256} that does not check bounds. Caller should make sure that
     * `begin <= end <= input.length`. Other inputs would result in undefined behavior.
     */
    function _tryParseUintUncheckedBounds(
        string memory input,
        uint256 begin,
        uint256 end
    ) private pure returns (bool success, uint256 value) {
        bytes memory buffer = bytes(input);

        uint256 result = 0;
        for (uint256 i = begin; i < end; ++i) {
            uint8 chr = _tryParseChr(bytes1(_unsafeReadBytesOffset(buffer, i)));
            if (chr > 9) return (false, 0);
            result *= 10;
            result += chr;
        }
        return (true, result);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Parse a decimal string and returns the value as a `int256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The string must be formatted as `[-+]?[0-9]*`
     * - The result must fit in an `int256` type.
     */
    function parseInt(string memory input) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return parseInt(input, 0, bytes(input).length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {parseInt-string} that parses a substring of `input` located between position `begin` (included) and
     * `end` (excluded).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The substring must be formatted as `[-+]?[0-9]*`
     * - The result must fit in an `int256` type.
     */
    function parseInt(string memory input, uint256 begin, uint256 end) internal pure returns (int256) {
        (bool success, int256 value) = tryParseInt(input, begin, end);
        if (!success) revert StringsInvalidChar();
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {parseInt-string} that returns false if the parsing fails because of an invalid character or if
     * the result does not fit in a `int256`.
     *
     * NOTE: This function will revert if the absolute value of the result does not fit in a `uint256`.
     */
    function tryParseInt(string memory input) internal pure returns (bool success, int256 value) {
        return _tryParseIntUncheckedBounds(input, 0, bytes(input).length);
    }

    uint256 private constant ABS_MIN_INT256 = 2 ** 255;

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {parseInt-string-uint256-uint256} that returns false if the parsing fails because of an invalid
     * character or if the result does not fit in a `int256`.
     *
     * NOTE: This function will revert if the absolute value of the result does not fit in a `uint256`.
     */
    function tryParseInt(
        string memory input,
        uint256 begin,
        uint256 end
    ) internal pure returns (bool success, int256 value) {
        if (end > bytes(input).length || begin > end) return (false, 0);
        return _tryParseIntUncheckedBounds(input, begin, end);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Implementation of {tryParseInt-string-uint256-uint256} that does not check bounds. Caller should make sure that
     * `begin <= end <= input.length`. Other inputs would result in undefined behavior.
     */
    function _tryParseIntUncheckedBounds(
        string memory input,
        uint256 begin,
        uint256 end
    ) private pure returns (bool success, int256 value) {
        bytes memory buffer = bytes(input);

        // Check presence of a negative sign.
        bytes1 sign = begin == end ? bytes1(0) : bytes1(_unsafeReadBytesOffset(buffer, begin)); // don't do out-of-bound (possibly unsafe) read if sub-string is empty
        bool positiveSign = sign == bytes1("+");
        bool negativeSign = sign == bytes1("-");
        uint256 offset = (positiveSign || negativeSign).toUint();

        (bool absSuccess, uint256 absValue) = tryParseUint(input, begin + offset, end);

        if (absSuccess && absValue < ABS_MIN_INT256) {
            return (true, negativeSign ? -int256(absValue) : int256(absValue));
        } else if (absSuccess && negativeSign && absValue == ABS_MIN_INT256) {
            return (true, type(int256).min);
        } else return (false, 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Parse a hexadecimal string (with or without "0x" prefix), and returns the value as a `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The string must be formatted as `(0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]*`
     * - The result must fit in an `uint256` type.
     */
    function parseHexUint(string memory input) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return parseHexUint(input, 0, bytes(input).length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {parseHexUint-string} that parses a substring of `input` located between position `begin` (included) and
     * `end` (excluded).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The substring must be formatted as `(0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]*`
     * - The result must fit in an `uint256` type.
     */
    function parseHexUint(string memory input, uint256 begin, uint256 end) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        (bool success, uint256 value) = tryParseHexUint(input, begin, end);
        if (!success) revert StringsInvalidChar();
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {parseHexUint-string} that returns false if the parsing fails because of an invalid character.
     *
     * NOTE: This function will revert if the result does not fit in a `uint256`.
     */
    function tryParseHexUint(string memory input) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 value) {
        return _tryParseHexUintUncheckedBounds(input, 0, bytes(input).length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {parseHexUint-string-uint256-uint256} that returns false if the parsing fails because of an
     * invalid character.
     *
     * NOTE: This function will revert if the result does not fit in a `uint256`.
     */
    function tryParseHexUint(
        string memory input,
        uint256 begin,
        uint256 end
    ) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 value) {
        if (end > bytes(input).length || begin > end) return (false, 0);
        return _tryParseHexUintUncheckedBounds(input, begin, end);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Implementation of {tryParseHexUint-string-uint256-uint256} that does not check bounds. Caller should make sure that
     * `begin <= end <= input.length`. Other inputs would result in undefined behavior.
     */
    function _tryParseHexUintUncheckedBounds(
        string memory input,
        uint256 begin,
        uint256 end
    ) private pure returns (bool success, uint256 value) {
        bytes memory buffer = bytes(input);

        // skip 0x prefix if present
        bool hasPrefix = (end > begin + 1) && bytes2(_unsafeReadBytesOffset(buffer, begin)) == bytes2("0x"); // don't do out-of-bound (possibly unsafe) read if sub-string is empty
        uint256 offset = hasPrefix.toUint() * 2;

        uint256 result = 0;
        for (uint256 i = begin + offset; i < end; ++i) {
            uint8 chr = _tryParseChr(bytes1(_unsafeReadBytesOffset(buffer, i)));
            if (chr > 15) return (false, 0);
            result *= 16;
            unchecked {
                // Multiplying by 16 is equivalent to a shift of 4 bits (with additional overflow check).
                // This guarantees that adding a value < 16 will not cause an overflow, hence the unchecked.
                result += chr;
            }
        }
        return (true, result);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Parse a hexadecimal string (with or without "0x" prefix), and returns the value as an `address`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The string must be formatted as `(0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]{40}`
     */
    function parseAddress(string memory input) internal pure returns (address) {
        return parseAddress(input, 0, bytes(input).length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {parseAddress-string} that parses a substring of `input` located between position `begin` (included) and
     * `end` (excluded).
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - The substring must be formatted as `(0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]{40}`
     */
    function parseAddress(string memory input, uint256 begin, uint256 end) internal pure returns (address) {
        (bool success, address value) = tryParseAddress(input, begin, end);
        if (!success) revert StringsInvalidAddressFormat();
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {parseAddress-string} that returns false if the parsing fails because the input is not a properly
     * formatted address. See {parseAddress-string} requirements.
     */
    function tryParseAddress(string memory input) internal pure returns (bool success, address value) {
        return tryParseAddress(input, 0, bytes(input).length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {parseAddress-string-uint256-uint256} that returns false if the parsing fails because input is not a properly
     * formatted address. See {parseAddress-string-uint256-uint256} requirements.
     */
    function tryParseAddress(
        string memory input,
        uint256 begin,
        uint256 end
    ) internal pure returns (bool success, address value) {
        if (end > bytes(input).length || begin > end) return (false, address(0));

        bool hasPrefix = (end > begin + 1) && bytes2(_unsafeReadBytesOffset(bytes(input), begin)) == bytes2("0x"); // don't do out-of-bound (possibly unsafe) read if sub-string is empty
        uint256 expectedLength = 40 + hasPrefix.toUint() * 2;

        // check that input is the correct length
        if (end - begin == expectedLength) {
            // length guarantees that this does not overflow, and value is at most type(uint160).max
            (bool s, uint256 v) = _tryParseHexUintUncheckedBounds(input, begin, end);
            return (s, address(uint160(v)));
        } else {
            return (false, address(0));
        }
    }

    function _tryParseChr(bytes1 chr) private pure returns (uint8) {
        uint8 value = uint8(chr);

        // Try to parse `chr`:
        // - Case 1: [0-9]
        // - Case 2: [a-f]
        // - Case 3: [A-F]
        // - otherwise not supported
        unchecked {
            if (value > 47 && value < 58) value -= 48;
            else if (value > 96 && value < 103) value -= 87;
            else if (value > 64 && value < 71) value -= 55;
            else return type(uint8).max;
        }

        return value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Escape special characters in JSON strings. This can be useful to prevent JSON injection in NFT metadata.
     *
     * WARNING: This function should only be used in double quoted JSON strings. Single quotes are not escaped.
     *
     * NOTE: This function escapes all unicode characters, and not just the ones in ranges defined in section 2.5 of
     * RFC-4627 (U+0000 to U+001F, U+0022 and U+005C). ECMAScript's `JSON.parse` does recover escaped unicode
     * characters that are not in this range, but other tooling may provide different results.
     */
    function escapeJSON(string memory input) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = bytes(input);
        bytes memory output = new bytes(2 * buffer.length); // worst case scenario
        uint256 outputLength = 0;

        for (uint256 i; i < buffer.length; ++i) {
            bytes1 char = bytes1(_unsafeReadBytesOffset(buffer, i));
            if (((SPECIAL_CHARS_LOOKUP & (1 << uint8(char))) != 0)) {
                output[outputLength++] = "\\";
                if (char == 0x08) output[outputLength++] = "b";
                else if (char == 0x09) output[outputLength++] = "t";
                else if (char == 0x0a) output[outputLength++] = "n";
                else if (char == 0x0c) output[outputLength++] = "f";
                else if (char == 0x0d) output[outputLength++] = "r";
                else if (char == 0x5c) output[outputLength++] = "\\";
                else if (char == 0x22) {
                    // solhint-disable-next-line quotes
                    output[outputLength++] = '"';
                }
            } else {
                output[outputLength++] = char;
            }
        }
        // write the actual length and deallocate unused memory
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            mstore(output, outputLength)
            mstore(0x40, add(output, shl(5, shr(5, add(outputLength, 63)))))
        }

        return string(output);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reads a bytes32 from a bytes array without bounds checking.
     *
     * NOTE: making this function internal would mean it could be used with memory unsafe offset, and marking the
     * assembly block as such would prevent some optimizations.
     */
    function _unsafeReadBytesOffset(bytes memory buffer, uint256 offset) private pure returns (bytes32 value) {
        // This is not memory safe in the general case, but all calls to this private function are within bounds.
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            value := mload(add(buffer, add(0x20, offset)))
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC-1967 implementation slot:
 * ```solidity
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     // Define the slot. Alternatively, use the SlotDerivation library to derive the slot.
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(newImplementation.code.length > 0);
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: Consider using this library along with {SlotDerivation}.
 */
library StorageSlot {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }

    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }

    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }

    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }

    struct Int256Slot {
        int256 value;
    }

    struct StringSlot {
        string value;
    }

    struct BytesSlot {
        bytes value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `Int256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getInt256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Int256Slot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.2.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Errors} from "./Errors.sol";

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
     */
    error AddressEmptyCode(address target);

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.20/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        if (address(this).balance < amount) {
            revert Errors.InsufficientBalance(address(this).balance, amount);
        }

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason or custom error, it is bubbled
     * up by this function (like regular Solidity function calls). However, if
     * the call reverted with no returned reason, this function reverts with a
     * {Errors.FailedCall} error.
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        if (address(this).balance < value) {
            revert Errors.InsufficientBalance(address(this).balance, value);
        }
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and reverts if the target
     * was not a contract or bubbling up the revert reason (falling back to {Errors.FailedCall}) in case
     * of an unsuccessful call.
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
            // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
            if (returndata.length == 0 && target.code.length == 0) {
                revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
            }
            return returndata;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and reverts if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or with a default {Errors.FailedCall} error.
     */
    function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            return returndata;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts with returndata if present. Otherwise reverts with {Errors.FailedCall}.
     */
    function _revert(bytes memory returndata) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            assembly ("memory-safe") {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert Errors.FailedCall();
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC-20 standard.
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Standard ERC-20 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC-20 tokens.
 */
interface IERC20Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     */
    error ERC20InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidSender(address sender);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidReceiver(address receiver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender`’s `allowance`. Used in transfers.
     * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param allowance Amount of tokens a `spender` is allowed to operate with.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     */
    error ERC20InsufficientAllowance(address spender, uint256 allowance, uint256 needed);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidApprover(address approver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidSpender(address spender);
}

/**
 * @dev Standard ERC-721 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC-721 tokens.
 */
interface IERC721Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that an address can't be an owner. For example, `address(0)` is a forbidden owner in ERC-20.
     * Used in balance queries.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidOwner(address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a `tokenId` whose `owner` is the zero address.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the ownership over a particular token. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC721IncorrectOwner(address sender, uint256 tokenId, address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidSender(address sender);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidReceiver(address receiver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC721InsufficientApproval(address operator, uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidApprover(address approver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidOperator(address operator);
}

/**
 * @dev Standard ERC-1155 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC-1155 tokens.
 */
interface IERC1155Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC1155InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed, uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidSender(address sender);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidReceiver(address receiver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC1155MissingApprovalForAll(address operator, address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidApprover(address approver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidOperator(address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates an array length mismatch between ids and values in a safeBatchTransferFrom operation.
     * Used in batch transfers.
     * @param idsLength Length of the array of token identifiers
     * @param valuesLength Length of the array of token amounts
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidArrayLength(uint256 idsLength, uint256 valuesLength);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/Panic.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Helper library for emitting standardized panic codes.
 *
 * ```solidity
 * contract Example {
 *      using Panic for uint256;
 *
 *      // Use any of the declared internal constants
 *      function foo() { Panic.GENERIC.panic(); }
 *
 *      // Alternatively
 *      function foo() { Panic.panic(Panic.GENERIC); }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Follows the list from https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/blob/v0.8.24/libsolutil/ErrorCodes.h[libsolutil].
 *
 * _Available since v5.1._
 */
// slither-disable-next-line unused-state
library Panic {
    /// @dev generic / unspecified error
    uint256 internal constant GENERIC = 0x00;
    /// @dev used by the assert() builtin
    uint256 internal constant ASSERT = 0x01;
    /// @dev arithmetic underflow or overflow
    uint256 internal constant UNDER_OVERFLOW = 0x11;
    /// @dev division or modulo by zero
    uint256 internal constant DIVISION_BY_ZERO = 0x12;
    /// @dev enum conversion error
    uint256 internal constant ENUM_CONVERSION_ERROR = 0x21;
    /// @dev invalid encoding in storage
    uint256 internal constant STORAGE_ENCODING_ERROR = 0x22;
    /// @dev empty array pop
    uint256 internal constant EMPTY_ARRAY_POP = 0x31;
    /// @dev array out of bounds access
    uint256 internal constant ARRAY_OUT_OF_BOUNDS = 0x32;
    /// @dev resource error (too large allocation or too large array)
    uint256 internal constant RESOURCE_ERROR = 0x41;
    /// @dev calling invalid internal function
    uint256 internal constant INVALID_INTERNAL_FUNCTION = 0x51;

    /// @dev Reverts with a panic code. Recommended to use with
    /// the internal constants with predefined codes.
    function panic(uint256 code) internal pure {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            mstore(0x00, 0x4e487b71)
            mstore(0x20, code)
            revert(0x1c, 0x24)
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { Math } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";

/**
 * @title Proper Quadratic Funding (QF) math and tallying
 * @author [Golem Foundation](https://golem.foundation)
 * @custom:security-contact security@golem.foundation
 * @notice Incremental QF tallying utilities with alpha-weighted quadratic/linear funding.
 * @dev Provides storage isolation via deterministic slot, input validation helpers,
 *      and funding aggregation with well-defined rounding behavior.
 */
abstract contract ProperQF {
    using Math for uint256;

    // Custom Errors
    error ContributionMustBePositive();
    error VoteWeightMustBePositive();
    error VoteWeightOverflow(); // Keep for backward compatibility in tests
    error SquareRootTooLarge();
    error VoteWeightOutsideTolerance();
    error QuadraticSumUnderflow();
    error LinearSumUnderflow();
    error DenominatorMustBePositive();
    error AlphaMustBeLessOrEqualToOne();

    /// @notice Storage slot for ProperQF storage (ERC-7201 namespaced storage)
    /// @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7201
    bytes32 private constant STORAGE_SLOT =
        bytes32(uint256(keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256(bytes("proper.qf.storage"))) - 1))) & ~uint256(0xff));

    /// @notice Per-project aggregated sums
    struct Project {
        /// @notice Sum of contributions for this project (asset base units)
        uint256 sumContributions;
        /// @notice Sum of square roots of all contributions (dimensionless)
        uint256 sumSquareRoots;
    }

    /// @notice Main storage struct containing all mutable state for ProperQF
    struct ProperQFStorage {
        /// @notice Mapping of project IDs to project data
        mapping(uint256 => Project) projects;
        /// @notice Numerator for alpha (dimensionless; 1.0 = denominator)
        uint256 alphaNumerator;
        /// @notice Denominator for alpha (must be > 0)
        uint256 alphaDenominator;
        /// @notice Sum of all quadratic terms across projects (dimensionless squared weights)
        uint256 totalQuadraticSum;
        /// @notice Sum of all linear contributions across projects (asset base units)
        uint256 totalLinearSum;
        /// @notice Alpha-weighted total funding across all projects (asset base units)
        /// @dev Uses uint256 for precision in calculations
        uint256 totalFunding;
    }

    /// @notice Emitted when alpha parameters are updated
    /// @param oldNumerator Previous alpha numerator
    /// @param oldDenominator Previous alpha denominator
    /// @param newNumerator New alpha numerator
    /// @param newDenominator New alpha denominator
    event AlphaUpdated(uint256 oldNumerator, uint256 oldDenominator, uint256 newNumerator, uint256 newDenominator);

    /// @notice Constructor initializes default alpha values in storage
    constructor() {
        ProperQFStorage storage s = _getProperQFStorage();
        s.alphaNumerator = 10000; // Default alpha = 1.0 (10000/10000)
        s.alphaDenominator = 10000;
    }

    /// @notice Get the storage struct from the predefined slot
    /// @return s Storage struct containing all mutable state for ProperQF
    function _getProperQFStorage() internal pure returns (ProperQFStorage storage s) {
        bytes32 slot = STORAGE_SLOT;
        assembly {
            s.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /// @notice Returns project aggregated sums
    /// @param projectId ID of the project to query
    function projects(uint256 projectId) public view returns (Project memory) {
        return _getProperQFStorage().projects[projectId];
    }

    /// @notice Returns alpha numerator
    function alphaNumerator() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _getProperQFStorage().alphaNumerator;
    }

    /// @notice Returns alpha denominator
    function alphaDenominator() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _getProperQFStorage().alphaDenominator;
    }

    /// @notice Returns total quadratic sum across all projects
    function totalQuadraticSum() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _getProperQFStorage().totalQuadraticSum;
    }

    /// @notice Returns total linear sum across all projects
    function totalLinearSum() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _getProperQFStorage().totalLinearSum;
    }

    /// @notice Returns alpha-weighted total funding across all projects
    function totalFunding() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _getProperQFStorage().totalFunding;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Process a vote and update the tally for the voting strategy
     * @dev Implements incremental update quadratic funding algorithm with validations:
     *      - contribution > 0 (asset base units)
     *      - voteWeight > 0 and voteWeight^2 == contribution within 10% tolerance
     * @param projectId ID of project to update
     * @param contribution Contribution to add in asset base units
     * @param voteWeight Square root of contribution (dimensionless)
     */
    function _processVote(uint256 projectId, uint256 contribution, uint256 voteWeight) internal virtual {
        if (contribution == 0) revert ContributionMustBePositive();
        if (voteWeight == 0) revert VoteWeightMustBePositive();

        uint256 voteWeightSquared = voteWeight * voteWeight; // Reverts on overflow in Solidity 0.8+
        if (voteWeightSquared > contribution) revert SquareRootTooLarge();

        // 10% tolerance, asymmetric: voteWeight can be lower than actualSqrt, but not higher
        uint256 actualSqrt = contribution.sqrt();
        uint256 tolerance = actualSqrt / 10;
        if (voteWeight < actualSqrt - tolerance || voteWeight > actualSqrt) {
            revert VoteWeightOutsideTolerance();
        }

        _processVoteUnchecked(projectId, contribution, voteWeight);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Process vote without validation - for trusted callers who have already validated
     * @dev Skips input validation for gas optimization when caller guarantees correctness
     * @param projectId ID of project to update
     * @param contribution Contribution amount (asset base units)
     * @param voteWeight Vote weight (dimensionless; sqrt of contribution)
     */
    function _processVoteUnchecked(uint256 projectId, uint256 contribution, uint256 voteWeight) internal {
        ProperQFStorage storage s = _getProperQFStorage();
        Project memory project = s.projects[projectId];

        uint256 newSumSquareRoots = project.sumSquareRoots + voteWeight;
        uint256 newSumContributions = project.sumContributions + contribution;

        uint256 oldQuadraticFunding = project.sumSquareRoots * project.sumSquareRoots;
        uint256 newQuadraticFunding = newSumSquareRoots * newSumSquareRoots;

        if (s.totalQuadraticSum < oldQuadraticFunding) revert QuadraticSumUnderflow();
        if (s.totalLinearSum < project.sumContributions) revert LinearSumUnderflow();

        uint256 newTotalQuadraticSum = s.totalQuadraticSum - oldQuadraticFunding + newQuadraticFunding;
        uint256 newTotalLinearSum = s.totalLinearSum - project.sumContributions + newSumContributions;

        s.totalQuadraticSum = newTotalQuadraticSum;
        s.totalLinearSum = newTotalLinearSum;

        project.sumSquareRoots = newSumSquareRoots;
        project.sumContributions = newSumContributions;

        s.projects[projectId] = project;

        s.totalFunding = _calculateWeightedTotalFunding();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculate alpha-weighted total funding across all projects
     * @dev Rounding: per-project integer division makes sum(project funding) ≤ totalFunding.
     *      Discrepancy ε is bounded: 0 ≤ ε ≤ 2(|P|-1) where |P| is number of projects.
     *      This dust ensures no over-allocation; all funds are still fully distributed.
     * @return totalFunding_ Weighted total funding across all projects (asset base units)
     */
    function _calculateWeightedTotalFunding() internal view returns (uint256) {
        ProperQFStorage storage s = _getProperQFStorage();
        uint256 weightedQuadratic = (s.totalQuadraticSum * s.alphaNumerator) / s.alphaDenominator;
        uint256 weightedLinear = (s.totalLinearSum * (s.alphaDenominator - s.alphaNumerator)) / s.alphaDenominator;
        return weightedQuadratic + weightedLinear;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Return current funding metrics for a specific project
     * @dev Aggregates sums and computes alpha-weighted components on-demand.
     * @param projectId ID of project to tally
     * @return sumContributions Total sum of contributions (asset base units)
     * @return sumSquareRoots Sum of square roots of contributions (dimensionless)
     * @return quadraticFunding Alpha-weighted quadratic funding: ⌊α × S_j²⌋ (asset base units)
     * @return linearFunding Alpha-weighted linear funding: ⌊(1-α) × Sum_j⌋ (asset base units)
     * @dev Rounding: sum of per-project funding ≤ totalFunding() with small bounded dust ε.
     */
    function getTally(
        uint256 projectId
    )
        public
        view
        returns (uint256 sumContributions, uint256 sumSquareRoots, uint256 quadraticFunding, uint256 linearFunding)
    {
        ProperQFStorage storage s = _getProperQFStorage();
        Project storage project = s.projects[projectId];

        uint256 rawQuadraticFunding = project.sumSquareRoots * project.sumSquareRoots;

        return (
            project.sumContributions,
            project.sumSquareRoots,
            (rawQuadraticFunding * s.alphaNumerator) / s.alphaDenominator,
            (project.sumContributions * (s.alphaDenominator - s.alphaNumerator)) / s.alphaDenominator
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Set alpha parameter determining ratio between quadratic and linear funding
     * @param newNumerator Numerator of new alpha (0 ≤ numerator ≤ denominator)
     * @param newDenominator Denominator of new alpha (> 0)
     */
    function _setAlpha(uint256 newNumerator, uint256 newDenominator) internal {
        if (newDenominator == 0) revert DenominatorMustBePositive();
        if (newNumerator > newDenominator) revert AlphaMustBeLessOrEqualToOne();

        ProperQFStorage storage s = _getProperQFStorage();

        uint256 oldNumerator = s.alphaNumerator;
        uint256 oldDenominator = s.alphaDenominator;

        s.alphaNumerator = newNumerator;
        s.alphaDenominator = newDenominator;

        // Recalculate total funding with new alpha
        s.totalFunding = _calculateWeightedTotalFunding();

        emit AlphaUpdated(oldNumerator, oldDenominator, newNumerator, newDenominator);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get current alpha ratio components
     * @return numerator Current alpha numerator
     * @return denominator Current alpha denominator
     */
    function getAlpha() public view returns (uint256, uint256) {
        ProperQFStorage storage s = _getProperQFStorage();
        return (s.alphaNumerator, s.alphaDenominator);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculate optimal alpha for 1:1 shares-to-assets ratio given fixed matching pool amount
     * @dev Solve α where: α × totalQuadraticSum + (1−α) × totalLinearSum = totalUserDeposits + matchingPoolAmount
     * @param matchingPoolAmount Matching pool amount (asset base units)
     * @param quadraticSum Total quadratic sum across all proposals (dimensionless)
     * @param linearSum Total linear sum across all proposals (asset base units)
     * @param totalUserDeposits Total user deposits in the mechanism (asset base units)
     * @return optimalAlphaNumerator Calculated alpha numerator
     * @return optimalAlphaDenominator Calculated alpha denominator
     */
    function _calculateOptimalAlpha(
        uint256 matchingPoolAmount,
        uint256 quadraticSum,
        uint256 linearSum,
        uint256 totalUserDeposits
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 optimalAlphaNumerator, uint256 optimalAlphaDenominator) {
        if (quadraticSum <= linearSum) {
            // No quadratic funding benefit, set alpha to 0
            optimalAlphaNumerator = 0;
            optimalAlphaDenominator = 1;
            return (optimalAlphaNumerator, optimalAlphaDenominator);
        }

        uint256 totalAssetsAvailable = totalUserDeposits + matchingPoolAmount;
        uint256 quadraticAdvantage = quadraticSum - linearSum;

        // We want: α × quadraticSum + (1-α) × linearSum = totalAssetsAvailable
        // Solving for α: α × (quadraticSum - linearSum) = totalAssetsAvailable - linearSum
        // Therefore: α = (totalAssetsAvailable - linearSum) / (quadraticSum - linearSum)

        if (totalAssetsAvailable <= linearSum) {
            // Not enough assets even for linear funding, set alpha to 0
            optimalAlphaNumerator = 0;
            optimalAlphaDenominator = 1;
        } else {
            uint256 numerator = totalAssetsAvailable - linearSum;

            if (numerator >= quadraticAdvantage) {
                // Enough assets for full quadratic funding
                optimalAlphaNumerator = 1;
                optimalAlphaDenominator = 1;
            } else {
                // Calculate fractional alpha
                optimalAlphaNumerator = numerator;
                optimalAlphaDenominator = quadraticAdvantage;
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC-165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[ERC].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[ERC section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {SafeCast} from "./SafeCast.sol";

/**
 * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library SignedMath {
    /**
     * @dev Branchless ternary evaluation for `a ? b : c`. Gas costs are constant.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: This function may reduce bytecode size and consume less gas when used standalone.
     * However, the compiler may optimize Solidity ternary operations (i.e. `a ? b : c`) to only compute
     * one branch when needed, making this function more expensive.
     */
    function ternary(bool condition, int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        unchecked {
            // branchless ternary works because:
            // b ^ (a ^ b) == a
            // b ^ 0 == b
            return b ^ ((a ^ b) * int256(SafeCast.toUint(condition)));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return ternary(a > b, a, b);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return ternary(a < b, a, b);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
     * The result is rounded towards zero.
     */
    function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
        int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
        return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
     */
    function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // Formula from the "Bit Twiddling Hacks" by Sean Eron Anderson.
            // Since `n` is a signed integer, the generated bytecode will use the SAR opcode to perform the right shift,
            // taking advantage of the most significant (or "sign" bit) in two's complement representation.
            // This opcode adds new most significant bits set to the value of the previous most significant bit. As a result,
            // the mask will either be `bytes32(0)` (if n is positive) or `~bytes32(0)` (if n is negative).
            int256 mask = n >> 255;

            // A `bytes32(0)` mask leaves the input unchanged, while a `~bytes32(0)` mask complements it.
            return uint256((n + mask) ^ mask);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/Errors.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Collection of common custom errors used in multiple contracts
 *
 * IMPORTANT: Backwards compatibility is not guaranteed in future versions of the library.
 * It is recommended to avoid relying on the error API for critical functionality.
 *
 * _Available since v5.1._
 */
library Errors {
    /**
     * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
     */
    error InsufficientBalance(uint256 balance, uint256 needed);

    /**
     * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
     */
    error FailedCall();

    /**
     * @dev The deployment failed.
     */
    error FailedDeployment();

    /**
     * @dev A necessary precompile is missing.
     */
    error MissingPrecompile(address);
}

{
  "remappings": [
    "@gnosis.pm/safe-contracts/=dependencies/safe-global-safe-smart-account-1.4.1-3/",
    "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/=dependencies/@openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable-5.3.0/contracts/",
    "@openzeppelin/contracts/=dependencies/@openzeppelin-contracts-5.3.0/contracts/",
    "@tokenized-strategy-periphery/=dependencies/tokenized-strategy-periphery-3.0.2/src/",
    "abdk-libraries-solidity/=dependencies/abdk-libraries-solidity-3.2/",
    "erc4626-tests/=dependencies/erc4626-tests-0.0.0/",
    "forge-std/=dependencies/forge-std-1.14.0/src/",
    "hats-protocol/=dependencies/hats-protocol-1.0/src/",
    "kontrol-cheatcodes/=dependencies/kontrol-cheatcodes-v0.0.1/",
    "lib/ERC1155/=dependencies/hats-protocol-1.0/lib/ERC1155/",
    "solady-test/=dependencies/solady-0.1.21/test/",
    "solady/=dependencies/solady-0.1.21/src/",
    "solbase/=dependencies/solbase-0.0.0/src/",
    "solmate/=dependencies/solmate-6.8.0/",
    "staker/=dependencies/staker-1.0.1/src/",
    "surl/=dependencies/surl-0.0.0/src/",
    "tokenized-strategy/=dependencies/tokenized-strategy-3.0.4/",
    "zodiac/=dependencies/gnosisguild-zodiac-4.1.1/contracts/",
    "@openzeppelin-contracts-5.3.0/=dependencies/@openzeppelin-contracts-5.3.0/",
    "@openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable-5.3.0/=dependencies/@openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable-5.3.0/",
    "@tokenized-strategy/=dependencies/tokenized-strategy-periphery-3.0.2/lib/tokenized-strategy/src/",
    "@yearn-vaults/=dependencies/tokenized-strategy-periphery-3.0.2/lib/yearn-vaults-v3/contracts/",
    "ERC1155/=dependencies/hats-protocol-1.0/lib/ERC1155/",
    "abdk-libraries-solidity-3.2/=dependencies/abdk-libraries-solidity-3.2/",
    "ds-test/=dependencies/tokenized-strategy-periphery-3.0.2/lib/forge-std/lib/ds-test/src/",
    "erc4626-tests-0.0.0/=dependencies/erc4626-tests-0.0.0/",
    "forge-std-1.14.0/=dependencies/forge-std-1.14.0/src/",
    "gnosisguild-zodiac-4.1.1/=dependencies/gnosisguild-zodiac-4.1.1/contracts/",
    "hats-protocol-1.0/=dependencies/hats-protocol-1.0/src/",
    "kontrol-cheatcodes-v0.0.1/=dependencies/kontrol-cheatcodes-v0.0.1/",
    "openzeppelin-contracts/=dependencies/staker-1.0.1/lib/openzeppelin-contracts/",
    "safe-global-safe-smart-account-1.4.1-3/=dependencies/safe-global-safe-smart-account-1.4.1-3/",
    "solady-0.1.21/=dependencies/solady-0.1.21/src/",
    "solady-0.1.26/=dependencies/solady-0.1.26/src/",
    "solbase-0.0.0/=dependencies/solbase-0.0.0/src/",
    "solidity-stringutils/=dependencies/surl-0.0.0/lib/solidity-stringutils/src/",
    "solmate-6.8.0/=dependencies/solmate-6.8.0/src/",
    "staker-1.0.1/=dependencies/staker-1.0.1/src/",
    "staker-test/=dependencies/staker-1.0.1/test/",
    "surl-0.0.0/=dependencies/surl-0.0.0/src/",
    "tokenized-strategy-3.0.4/=dependencies/tokenized-strategy-3.0.4/src/",
    "tokenized-strategy-periphery-3.0.2/=dependencies/tokenized-strategy-periphery-3.0.2/src/",
    "utils/=dependencies/hats-protocol-1.0/lib/utils/"
  ],
  "optimizer": {
    "enabled": true,
    "runs": 1
  },
  "metadata": {
    "useLiteralContent": false,
    "bytecodeHash": "ipfs",
    "appendCBOR": true
  },
  "outputSelection": {
    "*": {
      "*": [
        "evm.bytecode",
        "evm.deployedBytecode",
        "devdoc",
        "userdoc",
        "metadata",
        "abi"
      ]
    }
  },
  "evmVersion": "prague",
  "viaIR": false
}

• No Contract Security Audit Submitted- Submit Audit Here

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